Compute! Gazette Issue 19

The Move Toward Integrated Software

COMPUTEi's

$2.95

January 1985 ®

Issue 19, Vd. 3, No. 1

02220 £3.50 Canada

"ForOwnersAnd'Osers Of Commodore VIC-20 And 6^ Personal Computers

Math
Dungeon

When the Math Monsters give
you a quiz, you'd better know
the answers. That's the only
way out of the dungeon. An
exciting, educational text
adventure with five difficulty
levels. For the VIC and 64.

To The World:

Modems In The Home

More than a thousand
useful services are just a
phone call away. Here's
how they can make you
more productive while
educating your family and
helping with routine house-
hold tasks.

0 1

Also iifi tilis Issue:

Computing For Families

Debugging BASIC, Part 1

r VIC Magic Draw

Plus Games, Reviews,
And More

Magazine
Indexer

Instantly reference all those
important articles with this
easy-to-use computerized
filing system for the VIC
and 64.

Trap 'Em

Build fences around your opponent without getting
hemmed in yourself. An exciting one- or two-player
game for the VIC and 64.

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RAID ON BUNGELING BAY™

Wlicn you shopped for a computer, you vvanted one with a lot of intelli-
gence. Thih game may lead you to regret that choice, as your friendly little
computer becomes the brains behind the most fantastic enemy you will ever
face: The War Machine.

A monstrous artificial intelligence directs an endless army of self-
replicating robot weapons and a complex of factories hidden on six heavily
defended islands. Even as you strike at one island, robots beyond your field of
vision continue to multiply. . .to repair the damage you've done. . .to attack
and destroy.

Before all of Humankind is crushed beneath the Bungeling Empire's iron
heel, one faint hope remains: you in your helicraft.

THE CASTLES OF DOCTOR CREEP"

liver dream that you were locked in a h,iun[ed castle, wandering blindly
through darkened corridors, never knowin;; tvhat ghastly demons await you?
Then you'll feel right at home in The Castles of Doctor Creep.

It's a maddening maM of 13 separate castles, more than 200 rooms in all.
Sinister surprises await you behind every door: mummies and monsters,
forcefields and death rays, trap doors and dead — wry dead— ends. Remember
where you've been and watch where you're going. . . there's got to be a way
out soiHcu'/iere!

Better hurry, or you'll wind up playing a rather unpleasant role in one of
Doctor Creep's experiments.

SPELUNKER™

Who knows what fabulous treasures— and unspeakable dangers— await
you in the world's deepest cave? This is one game you can really get into. . .
and into. ..and into.

Wander through miles of uncharted passageways, swinging on ropes and
ladders, tumbling over subterranean falls and plunging to the very depths of
the earth on an abandoned mine railroad. Deadly steam vents and boiling lava
pits threaten you at every turn. Chattering bats and the Spirits of dead
Spehmkers beg you to join them, permanently.

Let's face it; you're in deep, deep trouble.

WHISTLER'S BROTHER™

You're the star of a full-fledged arcade adventure— and the big question
is whether it'll turn out to be a comedy or a tragedy. That's because your co-star
and beloved brother. Archaeologist Fenton Q. Fogbank, is rather absent-
minded and extremely accident-prone.

As you search for priceless ti^easures in steaming tropical jungles, ancient
cliff villages, musty old tombs and glittering crystal caverns, you control both
your character and your brother. The only way to keep him on track and out
of trouble is to whistle and pray that he follows you to safety.

Poison arrows, runaway boulders, fearsome frogs and mysterious
mummies are only a few of the hazards that'll make you wish you weren't your
brother's keeper.

STEALTH™

You're all alone on a strange and forbidding planet. On the distant horizon,
looming thousands of meters above the blasted landscape, lies your destina-
tion: The Dark Tower, home of the mysterious Council of Nine, cruel overlords
of a conquered world.

You must maneuver your Stealth Starfighter through an unending assault
by the Council's automated arsenal — jets and heat-seeking missiles, photon
tanks and anti-aircraft batteries, vaporizing volcanoes and deadly energy fields.
Outgunned and outmanned, you must press ever onward, with only your
stealth to rely on.

You must reach the Tower. You must destroy it. There's no turning back.

Aii litlf^tit'tiihihU' on Liittjttimiini' li-L CHjmpsonslim l.otit Runner tiKji ai^uhhic cti Af^fih U + . th\ lie. Whistlfr's HriMhrr. Spelunkpr tjiul SUmMIi a/^^> *irnjJiii>fi^ tor AtiJri
Home CcifFi^JijItv*. Commntlme ti-i i« u tnitU-ttitiFk ofCononotion^ t-hctroiuctj Lul. A[itth' isn trtidcnujrk of A^^h CotttjJitlvr, Inc. Atnii if a trtidenitttii i^f Atiiti CaFjton^lion.

NO
MERCY

FOR COMMODORE."

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CHAMPIONSHIP LODE RUNNER™

It has come to our attention that some of you
out there think you're pretty good at Lode
Ruiwer, 198 3 's best computer game. For those
foolhardy feiv, we offer a challenge of a higher
order; Championship Lode Rwnier.

With fifty fiendish Treasury Chambers:
more intricate, more elaborate, more insidious
than anything you've seen before. You'll need
lots of skill, lots of smarts, and every ounce
of your lode-running experience to have any
hope at all of survival.

And if you haven't yet paid your dues
on the original Lode Rittuiet; don't even think
of attempting this championship round.

Brrjderbund

f-iir miijr rri/i.rrrNitiii.i nJjdi.J linidi-ilniiul .mtl iinr /ijiiiljic/n, uiiili' III iiMit: 17 f'lilil UriW, Siipi Knfiik'J, CiiIjjDirifil V-l'W.i HI I'.lfJ H15J ■J7?-n70, C i'W'l Ihf^tk-ibimil Softu-mi; Inc.

Computer pro

daVinci, ShaKesp
Al Capp would ha

;rams for kids that
eare, Dickens and
ve loved.

If they were starting out today this
is what they could start with. Pixelwerks.
THE OTHER WAY
TO DRAW AND WRITE
Instead of a brush and canvas, a
pen and papei; they'd create on a com-
puter Because Rxelwerks is the first
medium that can keep up with their
imaginations.

MR. PIXELS
PROGRAMMING PAINT SET
With Mr Rxel's Programming Paint
Set, da Vinci (or any 8-year old) could do
more than paint a picture. He could also
enlarge it, repeat it, move it around, and
change colors. Instantly

And at the same time, he
developing his programming
skills. Painlessly.
SHOW DIRECTOR
On the other hand, Shakespeare
would love to play around with Show
Director

He'd use it to create plots
and think up one scene after an-
other; and he'd get a big cast of
characters, lots of backgrounds,
props, and musical sound effects to
act them out.

BANK STREET STORYBOOK

Dickens wouldn't be able to keep
his hands off Bank Street StoryBook by
George Brackett.

Not only could he write his own
story but he could also illustrate the
scenes and characters he sees in his
mind.

MR. PIXEIIS CARTOON KIT

Maybe Al Capp wouldn't be satis-
fied with cartoons that just sit on the
page after he tried Mr Pixel's Cartoon
Kit. Because he could make his car-
toons come to life by animating them.
His characters could move around, and
even react to each other

Every kid has a touch of creative
genius buried inside. Tne job of
Rxelwerks is to

bring it out, with
more features,
more options and
more flexibility than j
other programs.

In short, we supply the tools. Kids
supply the imagination.

□##l|PIXEiWERKS

PtigliwW»pisU«ltvUnlsclpc. tc,3444a>ilMnu(l. IWVtraoli.tWlK Fi> nm Mbrmilin cM 16002219884 In BIOS S BOO 942 7315

Quick.

How many plates can
the Juggler juggle?

Chinese Juggler

# hat depends on you. You are
K the Juggfer and your act is the
• delicate art of plate spinning.
Yours will be a tough act to follow
if you succeed in matctiing colors
and spinning plates on all 8 poles
at the same time.

As your skill increases, so does
the pace and the challenge of the
game. You must act with speed and
precision or the curtain will come
down and your act will be all
washed up!

Chinese Juggler is a refreshing
departure from the usual shoot-
em-ups and strategy games. It's
fun, fast-paced and will delight
players of any age. For Commodore
64. New from Creative Software.

$24.95

"ComrrtO(forD64"i3n

ImcJomurk of Gorrtmodorfl Electrohk^a, Ltd,

How do you

moonwalk, snake

and tut?

Break Street

ou'll soon become a break
dancing expert with our latest
bestseller. Break Street. Now
that combination of gymnastics,
mime, funk, and just plain show-off,
leaves the sidewalks and comes
home to your Commodore 64.

Individual play guides you
through the footwork of moonwalk,
backspin, windmill, tut, and the
rest of those sidewalk moves. Slow
motion and lively musical accom-
paniment help you perform each
move step by step. String together
a whole series of moves and
record them for future replay.

Catch the beat of the street with
Break Street. For individual or team
play. New from Creative Software.

$24J

The answers are at
your finger tips.

What's the capital
of Alaska?

Roll Call USA

^^\ O you know? Get ready to
* 'outwit your family and

friends with Roll Call USA's
fun facts on states.capitals and
major industries.

Roll Call USA combines history
and geography facts into a colorful
question and answer game that
challenges your knowledge of the
50 states, their capitals, major
industries and statehood dates.

Feel confident? Drill yourself
with a Flash Test. The game is
speeded up, so think fast. Your
answers are tallied up at the end
for a final score.

Roll Gal! USA, a game of USA
trivia for team or individual play.
For Commodore 64. New from
Creative Software.

s»iH..95

Call and order today! Use your Visa,
MasterCard or personal check. Toll
Free 1-800-331-7990 (outside
California), 1-800-448-1001
(in California), or 1-408-745-1655.
MONEY BACK GUARANTEE. If not
completely satisfied, return within
10 days for full refund.

CREATIVE SOFTWARE

230 East Caribbean Drive, Sunnyvale. CA 94089

fgil984 Creative Software

The Move Toward Integrated Software Se!by Bateman

Inside View: Bruce Artwick, The Designer Betiind Flight Simulator II
A Window To The World: Modems In The Home Sharon Darling . .

January iBBS Vol. 3, No. 1

26
32
38

Kathy Yakat

Seven Cities of Gold Gregg Keizer 98

Childpace C. Regena 104

Also Worth Noting 110

84
64

Trap 'Em Jon Rhees 54

Chomper George Hu 56

Kablam! Stephen Resster 60

V/64
V/64
V/64

EDUCATION/HOME

Computing For Families: A Visit With Sweetums The Ogre

VIC Magic Draw Kevin Gough

Math Dungeon Richard Lowe

Magazine Indexer Daniel Miller

Fred D 'tgnazio 44

52

62

66

V

V/64
V/64

PROGRAMMI

BASIC Magic: Using Variables In 1985 Michael S. Tomczyk

Hints & Tips: Double Duty Variables William A. Yarberry, Jr.

Machine Language For Beginners: ML Mailbag Richard Mansfield

Debugging BASIC, Part 1 Todd Heimarck

Power BASIC; Stop And Go Jim Pejsa

Baker's Dozen, Part 1 Lawrence Cotton

Disk Merge Robert D. Riemersma, Jr

. 72
. 90
115
125
132
133
135

V/64/ + 4/16

V/64

V/64

V/G4

V/64

64

V/64

^^pEPARTMENTS

The Editor's Notes Robat C. Lock

Gazette Feedback Editors And Readers

Simple Answers To Common Questions Tom R. Halfhitt
Horizons Charles Brannon

6

10

66

80

User Group Update 94

News & Products 137

V/64/ + 4/16

PROGRAM LISTINGS

How To Type In COMPUTEI's Gazette Programs 142 *

The Automatic Proofreader 143 V/64

Bug-Swatter; Modifications And Corrections 144 V/64

Tiny MLX 145 V

C/G BBS Robert Sims 146 64

Product Mart 190 *

Advertisers Index 192 *

=GeneraI, V=VIC-20, 64=Commodore 64, +4= Plus/4, 16=Commodore 16.

COSIPUTEri CAZETTEi^ published monlhlj' by COMPUTEl ruWicationi. Inc., Post Office Box 5406. GtMnslwro. NC 27403 USA. Thont (919) 2/5.9909. Ediloria! offices arc
locjEcd at J24 West WeinJOV*r Avenui*. Grcensborii, N'C 2--10S. DflTneslic irub^nptioni: 12 ts^u«. 524. Send subscription ordrra or chjn^oof addresi (P.O. Form 3579J to
Ciiculalion Dejil,, COMPUTB'S CAZETTt!, P.O box 961, FjtmmRdalf, NY 11737. Secund (Ijss jppilcalion pending at Greensboro. NC 27403 and aitdilionji mailing officii
Enure lonlenti fiipyrighl 9'iVtm b>' COMPUTEI Publicaiions, Int. All rij>hls ri'served. ISSN 0737-3716. KOi?*t\

OOMPUTEI Publlciilom, Ire, One oflhe ABC Publljhlng CompjnIfS: ABC PubUlhing, Tf widen!, Hobflt G. Burton; 1330 Avcnuf cl I he Americas; Ntw Yorii. New VorV; 100 19

THEEDnOR'S

Whither

Commodore?

By now, or perhaps »of by now,
the Plus/4 and the 16 are mak-
ing their long awaited debut
across the retail frontiers of
America. From what we can tell
so far, this debut may well be
an "emperor's new clothes"
phenomena, with lots of debut,
and not much else. Our old
friend Jim Dijon, a Commodore
marketeer and survivor, was re-
cently quoted as suggesting that
if the marketplace so wished,
Commodore would be happy to
make the 16 and Plus series
compatible with the 64. One
would hope the marketplace
wouldn't have to wish too hard
for such compatibility, what
with at least a million or so 64s
out there. On top of all this
wishing. Commodore has some-
how managed to devise an en-
tirely unique plug for the
Plus/4, thus insuring that exist-
ing peripherals won't be
compatible.

Why do we feel that we've
written this editorial seventeen
times or so in the last five
years?

Hope?!?

Rumor now has it that perhaps
the 16 and Plus/4 are already
being "de-emphasized," giving
way in turn to the even newer
128 series. Ah. More memory?
Yes. Software compatible? Yes,
Peripheral compatible? Yes.
Plus, some new peripherals, no-
tably a dual disk drive . . . now
those are pluses we can ap-
plaud. Lest we sound totally like
sour grapes this issue, we'll re-
mind our loyal readers that this
is the company that has been
responsible for much of the
home computer industry, and
we feel, correctly we think, that
they have a continuing obliga-
tion to help drive and nurture it.
Commodore's potential success
with the Lorraine is something
we're anxiously awaiting.

We've seen successive itera-
tions through hardware and
software "breakthroughs" in
this industry, and we think the
Lorraine has the potential for
achieving several breakthroughs
at once. The significant power
this computer can cost-
effectively bring to the market-
place will, in our opinion, define
a new benchmark for price and
performance in the entire indus-
try. No one in the market was
selling a color computer with
reasonable memory for less than
$1000 until Commodore broke
the price and hardware con-
straint barriers. With the power
of Lorraine: 128K RAM, built-in
drive, 4096 colors, 68000

microprocessor, multicolored
sprites, maximum hi-resolution
of 640 X 200 pixels ... the list
goes on, including built-in
speech synthesis and built-in
modem. These are only high-
lights of the features of the
Lorraine prototype demon-
strated by Amiga before they
sold their company to Commo-
dore. This unit was preproduc-
tion priced at $1200-$! 400.

Of course, Commodore may
change some of these features
before product introduction.
Pricing will probably change as
well. But we've seen enough to
call the Lorraine a significant
price/performance break-
through, and we think it will
spark a new plateau in the in-
dustry. We expect to learn more
about the configuration of the
"real" system at this month's
Consumer Electronics Show in
Las Vegas. We'll keep you
posted.

Kd^frA

6 COMPUJB's Gazette January

How the JViVe FamiUf Helped
Tiieir Gotnl Neifjhbors

It was after Christmas. The Nice larnily was
still enjoying all the w^onderlul presents tliey
received from on(» another. But next door, at tlie
home of theii' Good neighbors, thmgs weren't all that wonderful.

^''^.

.^■^1

- ^ 1^ ft

• You see, IVliv and Mrs. Good
{Htury and Betty) had given a new home
computer to their twins (Kim and Ken-y). It
was a very good gill, but they cUdn't know
what to do with it. Harry Good thought
video games were bad because the twins couldn't

play them together. Betty Good thought

all \ideo games were too violent. And the Good twins
thouglit anytli i ng but giunes were lx>ruig! •
Then, one day, Bettys Good was talldng to Janet
Nice over morning coffee. "We have this wondcn*-

Ilil computer, and nothing lo do with iti"
luoaned Bettjc Janet just smiled, and told Betty
all vdMwi Admntures In Nmmicu a new st;ries of LifeWiu'e'
computer games ft'om Word Publishing. These games are the fhst ones the whole
family can sluu*e. And they're based on the fimious stories oCNarniaby C.S.
I^wis, which tx'ach lasting values good Ibr' evet^yone to k*arn. • Well,
VI \ <— ^x^ the Goods rushed out and ixiught Narnia and DaivnTreader. And
)] ) J ^"^ now tlie Good twms play with theu- new computer all the

( I ( / ^ A time. Hai'ry and Betty Good play with them, too. And

they all Jigree Adventures In Narnia are the best
games th(^y could have. • Maybe Uiey'd be good
for yom* family, too!

gVrirriiVi and DiiwuTriVHtf)* iirt
avulLiililr ut i^>JEi]HLUT.<^j>e<'hiJi
Hluresuiid :lU Hih' thHikstori
All Adi'iiiturfji hi Sarnia fi,aiucs
are t'onipatihtt* with Apple II
seri^' aiut ruimiHHioir 64"
honif^ifinipuierH.

Jy/)^

Wonl. iJic. VViui). 'fX 70706

KontKiri' lriri)rriui(li>ri.<all Idll-fiyr l-lHHM:i;)-:i;HO.

itiTi'xiiH.iHii (oii-mu^ i-tt(K)-7«a-;i;i7a

tnnn Wiird l'ii1)llNhiiii>

OneontK' AUC I'lihllsliiit); Q ('<iit)|iui]Ii's

Wcridenbooks

Aval Eablt* 111 all !«ti>r<>s luitinnwUU'.

Mft'Wure l.H II tnuii'inark of Wiinl. liir,

A])|it<' 1 1 fktIi's Ihii n'){lHt('ri'<! tniiU'iimrkorApjili'Coiiijiutrr, IiK-.

Curiitiiu<l()rr 04 Ihii tnuir]ti]irk<^]'<'oniniciittirr MlfMstniiilcs^ LUL

COMPUTElPublicationsJna®

Publisher Gnry R. Ingersoll

Editor in Chief Rubort C. Lock

Director of Administration Alice S. Wolfe

Senior Editor Riclwai Mansfield

Managing Editor Kathleen Martinuk

Editor Lana- Ftko

Assistant Editor Todd Heitnarck

Production Director Tony Roberts

Editors

Tom R. Halfliill, Editor, COMPUTE! Mrtga/.ine; Stephen Levy, Editor,

COMPUTE! 0()i>ks Division; Gail Cowpcr, Production Editor; Ottis R.

Covvper, Technical Editor; Charles Brannoii, Program Editor; Selby

Bateman, i'oatvirL's Editor

Assistant Editors

Gre^g Kei/.er, J. Blake [^imbert (Books); John Krause, George Miller,

Philip Nelson (Technical); Kathy Yakaf, Eealurc Writer; Sharon

Darling, Research Assistant (Features); Randall F'osner, Assistant

Managing Editor (Books); Mark Tuttle, Submissions Reviewer

Editorial Programmers

Patrick Parrish (Supervisor), Gregg Peule (Assistant), Tim Victor,

Kevin Mykytyn, Gary Black, Kevin Martin, Rob Terrell

Programming Assistants

David l-lora nee, Susan Doss, David Hensley

Copy Editors

Juanita Lewis, Jojn Rouleau, Ann Davies

Proofreaders

Ethel Silver, Dwight Smith, Marty Selby

Administrative Staff

Vicki Jennings, Laura MacFadd en, Julia Fleming,' Susan Young, Iris

Brooks, Jan Kretlow

Production

Irma Swain, Production Manager; Janice Fary, Art & Design Director,

Li-e Noel, Assistant Editor, Art & Design; Do Potter, Mechanical Art

Supervisor; Terry Cash, Carole Dunton, Typesetting

Artiste

Leslie Jessup, Larry Sullivan, (Publications), Debbie Bray (Books);

Harry Blair, Illustrator

Associate Editors

Jim Butterfield (Toronto), Harvey Herman (Greensboro),
Fred D'Ignazio (Koanoko)

Circulation

Charles C, Post, Circulation Manager; Patlv Jones, Assistant Circula-
tion Manager; Fran Lvons, Single Copy Sales Super\'isor; Jill Pope,

Fulfillment/Subscription Super\'isor

Customer Service

Philippa KinK, Customer Service Manager; Gail Jones, Dealer Sales
Supervisor; Dorothy Bogan, Customer Service Supervisor; Dealer
Sales Staff; Sharon 'Mi nor, Rhonda Savage, Debi Goforth; Customer
Service Staff: Bettv Atkins, Gayle Benbow, Rosemarie Davis, Chris
Cordon, Marv Hunt, Liz Krusenstjerna, Jenna Nash. Chris Patty,
Anita Roop, Judy Taylor

Jim Coward, Warehouse Manager; Staff: John Archibald, Jack
McConnell, Earn- O'Connor, Sam Parker, Dai Rees, Eddie Rice, Eric
Staley; Mary Sprague, Mail Room, Coordinator,

Data Processing

Leon Stokes, Manager; Chris Cain, Assistant

Accounting

Paul J, Mecliola, VP, Finance it Planning; R. Steven Vetter, Director,

Finance & Planning: Robert Bean, General Accountant; Karen K,

Rogalski, Financial Analyst; Staff: Jane King, Dale Roberts, Shannon

Rocsler

Credit

Barry L. Beck, Credit Manager; Staff: Sybil Agee, Susan Booth, Anne

i-erguson, Pat Fuller, Doris Hall, Linda Miller, Mary Waddeil

Purchasing

Gregory I.. Smith, Purchasing Manager; Anna Harris, Assistant

Promotion

Mindy K. Kutihei, Promotion Manager; Caroline Dark, Assistant
Advertising Sales

Ken Woodard, Director of Advertising Sales: Bonnie Valentino, Assis-
tant Advertising Manager; Patti Williams, Production Coordinator;
Joyce Margo, Production Assistant; Kathleen Hanlon, Sales Assistant
Sales Representatives
Jerry Thompson 415-348-8222

Phoebe Thompson 408-354-5553

Ed Winchell 213-378-8361

Harry Blair 919-275-9809

Jules E, Thompson, Inc.
National and Canadian Sales Representative.?
1 290 Howard Avenue, Suite 303
Burlingame, CA 94010

Address all advertising materials to:

Patti Williams, COMPUTEi's GAZETTE

324 West Wendover Ave., Suite 200, Greensboro, NC 27408

Sales Offices, The Thompson Comttany

New England

Mid-Atlantic

Southeast

Midwest

Texas

Northwest, Nevada

Northern CA

Southern CA

Arizona

New Mexico

Colorado

617-720-1888
212-772-0933
919-275-9809
312-726-6047

713-731-2605

408-354-5553

415-348-8222 or 408-354-555

213-378-8361

213-378-8361

213-378-H361

303-595-9299

COMPUTEI Publications, Inc., publishes

COMPUTE! COMPUTEI Books COMPUWs GAZETTE

Corporate Office:

324 West Wendover Ave., Suite 200, Greensboro, NC 27408

Mailing Address:

Post Office Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403

Distribution Center

5 00- A Radar Road. Greensboro, NC 27419

Telephone: 919-275-9809

Office Hours: 8:30 AM to 4:30 PM Monday-Friday

Chief Executive Officer Robert C. Lock
President Gary R. Ingersoll

Vice President, Finance & Planning Paul J. Megliol
Executive Assistant Debi Nash

Assistant Cassandra Robinson

Subscription Information

COMPUTE!'s GAZETTE Circulation Dept.
P.O. Box 540£, Greensboro, NC 27403

TOLL FREE
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800-334-0868

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Authors of manuscripts warrant that all materials submitted to
COMPUTE' 5 GAZETTt are original materials with full ownership rights
resident in said authors. By submitting articles to coMPUTEr* gazette,
authors acknowledge that such materials, upon acceptance for
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tions, Inc. No portion of this magairine may be reproduced in any
form without written pi'rmission from the publisher. Entire contents
copyright & 1985, COMPUTEI Publications, Inc, Rights to programs
developed and submitted by authors are e,\plained in our author
contract. Unsolicited materials not accepted for pubhcation will be
returned if author provides a self-addressed, stamped envelope.
Where programs are included in an article submission, a tape or disk
must accompany the submission. Printed listings are optional, but
helpful. Articles should be furnished as typed cony (upper and
lowercase, please) with double spacing, nach article page should bear
the title of the article, date, and name of the author, COMPUTEI
Publications, Inc, assumes no liability for errors in articles or
advertisements. Opinions expressed by authors arc not necessarily
those of COMPUTEI Publications, Inc.'COMPUTBI Publications as-
sumes no responsibility for damages, delays, or failure of shipment in
connection with authors' offer to make tape or disk copies of pro-
grams published herein.

PET, CB.M, VIC- 20, and Commodore 64 are trademarks of Commo-
dore Business Machines, Inc., and/or Commodore Electronics Limited.
Other than as an independent supplier of quality information and
services to owners and users of Commodore products, COMPUTEI
Publications, Inc., is in no way associated with Commodore Business
Machines, inc., or any of its subsidiaries.

^^^^^ "The Hot

Trimt

fever

inii KJ ganne or
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GAZETTE FEEDBACK

EDITORS AND READERS

Do you have a question or a problem? Have
you discovered something that could help other
VIC-20 and Commodore 64 users? Do you have
a comment about something you've read in
COMPUTEl's GAZETTE? We want to hear from you.
Write to Gazette Feedback, computers GAZETTE,
P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403.

Note: ht the November "Buyer's Guide To Modems,"
the Mitey Mo Modem was listed as being RS-232
compatible. It is actually Commodore 64 compalible
and phi^s directly into the user port. It does not
require an extra interface.

Where's The Printer?

Several readers have written asking where they can
get Okidata's neio color printer, the Okimate 10 (see
the Consumer Electronics Show report in the
September gazette for details). According to an
Okidata representative, there had been problems
with the supporting softivare. As this issue went to
press, li'e received an Okimate 10. It loill be covered
next month in Charles Brannon's "Horizons"
column.

Woming Light

Could you write a short set of directions that ex-
plain what to do when the red light on a disk
drive begins blinking? Also, why does the man-
ual say (on page 8) "Never remove the diskette
when the green drive light is on."? The green
light comes on when the drive is turned on and
stays on.

Evelyn M. Arnold

The green light indicates the disk drive is turned
on. You can safely insert and remove disks white
the green light is on. In fad, you should wait until
the drive is on before inserting a disk. Don't turn it
on with a disk inside; it's possible the initial surge
of power loill scramble some data on the disk.

The latest editions of the 1541 manual have
been corrected to say "never remove the diskette
while the red light is on." This is the proper advice.

When you load or save a program to disk, the
red light comes on to indicate disk activity. If you
open a data file, the red light will stay on until the
file is closed. In these cases, there's nothing to
worry about. The red light means the drive is doing
its job.

10 COMPUTE rs Gazelto January

But use an incorrect disk command and the red
light will begin flashing rapidly, signaling a disk
error.

If you type in a BASIC command incorrectly or
make some other programming error, your computer
ivill respond zoith 7SYNTAX ERROR or another
such message. If you encounter a disk error, how-
ever, there is often no warning on the screen to
alert you that something has gone awry, but the red
light on the drive will flash.

The 1541 disk drive is an intelligent device,
containing its own microprocessor, ROM, and RAM.
It also has error-handling routines in ROM similar
to the routines in the VIC and 64. A tape drive
doesn't have its own microprocessor, so messages
about tape errors are built into the computer. But
disk error messages are found in the disk drive.
When the light flashes, you can read the error mes-
sage. But first you must instruct the computer to ask
the disk drive what the problem is.

You must always communicate with (he disk
drive over one of the 16 available channels. Clian-
nel 15 is reserved as the command channel. It's
used for formatting disks, scratching files, and vari-
ous other tasks. It is also the channel for reading
disk errors.

To find out why the red light is flashing, enter
this short program:

10 OPEN15,8,15

20 INPUT#15,E,E$,T,S

30 CL0SE15

40 PRINTE;E$;T;S

Line W OPENs channel 15, the command chan-
nel. Line 20 INPUTs the information concerning the
error from the disk drive into the 64. E is the number
of the error, E$ is a short description in text of the
error, T is the track number on which the error oc-
curred, and S IS the sector number of that track.
Since INPUTi^ is not allowed in immediate mode,
you must read the error from within a program.

Normally, this program will display:

OOKOO

To generate an error condition, remove your
disk from the drive, turn the drive off, then back on
again and enter:

LOAD"*",e

The disk drive will whir and clatter, then stop,
with the red light flashing. Now run the error chan-
nel program, and the computer screen will display:

21 READ ERROR 18 0

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The number 21 indicates the type of error en-
countered, READ ERROR is a brief description of
the error, 18 is the track which the disk drive was
attempting to read, and 0 is the sector lohich the
disk drive was attempting to read. Since no disk was
in the drive, there was nothing to read, causing a
READ ERROR.

In most cases you don't need to knoiv the track
and sector where the error happened, so you can
leave off the T and S. And you can get the error-
reading routine doiun to a single line: 10
OPEm5,8,15: INPUT#15,E,E$: PRINTE;E$:
CL0SE15.

A handy utility is included on the disk which is
packaged with your disk drive, the DOS Wedge. Load
and run the DOS Wedge loader program, then you
can read the error channel by just pressing the @ or
> key on the computer.

For information about the errors likely to be
encountered lohile using your disk drive, consult
your 1541 User's Manual.

VIC Expansion Memory

When programs in your magazine point out that
at least 3K or 8K expansion is needed, does that
mean that these programs will run on a 16K VIC
without making any changes in the POKEs?

N. C. Barrows

BASIC programs with no POKEs which work with
3K or 8K will run fine with 16K. If a program con-
tains POKEs to screen or color memory, however, it
may work only tvith a specified amount of expan-
sion memory. This is because the location of screen
and color memory changes as memory is added.

There are three possible memory configurations
depending on the amount of memory added: un-
expanded, 3K expansion, and 8K or more expansion
(this third category includes 1.6K and 24K). Using 3K
expansion moves the start of BASIC lower by 3K.
Adding at least 8K expansion memory moves the
BASIC program area, screen memory, and color
memory. When 8K or more is added, BASIC can't
use the 3K expansion area. Also, BASIC can't use
any expansion memory above 24K. Expansion mem-
ory not used by BASIC can be used for machine lan-
guage programs.

The key phrase in this case is "at least." Any
program which runs on a VIC with 8K will also run
with 16K or 24K. That's lohy we usually say "at
least 8K" for VIC programs.

The following table gives the starting addresses
for BASIC, screen memory, and color memory for
any amount of expansion.

Expansion BASIC Screen Color

none 4097 7680 38400

3K 1025 7680 38400

8K+ 4609 4096 37888

12 COMPUTErs Gazetw Januaiy

Turn It Off, We're Trying To
Watch TV

When [ turn on my Commodore 64 and the tele-
vision nearby is tuned to channel four, diagonal
lines appear on the screen. If anybody is watch-
ing TV, they complain they can't see the picture,
I switched the computer to channel three and the
same problem occurs. How can I solve this
problem?

Michael Miller

In order to get a picture onto a television screen, a
computer sends out a television signal. The RF
modulator in your 64 acts like a miniature tele-
vision station, with limited range.

The problem you're having is that the signal is
a little too strong. The best solution is to shorten
the cord which goes from the 64 to the TV. If you
don't want to cut it yourself you can probably find
one with the appropriate connectors at a local
electronics stare. A shorter cord allows less of the
TV signal to leak out. You might also wrap the
switchbox (the one labeled TV /Computer) with alu-
minum foil.

Here are some other things to try: Move the
computer as far as possible from the family tele-
vision, or to another room. Try using different elec-
trical outlets, preferably on different lines — one for
the television, another for the computer. Or put
some tiling metal, like a metal bookshelf, between
your 64 and TV to act as a shield.

Before a computer can be said in the U.S., if
has to be tested by the FCC far its effective
radio/TV interference. If you look on the inside
front cover of the manual zvhich came in the box
with your VIC or 64, you'll see the statement of
FCC certification. It also lists a pamphlet about
solving interference problems, which is available
from the Government Printing Office.

Special Effects On The 64?

Is there any way I can turn my 64 into a special
effects generator? I want to connect one or more
VCRs as inputs to make split screens, borders,
and windows, combining the video picture with
a text overlay.

Mike Winderman

The signal sent out by a VIC or 64 is TV-compatible,
ivhich means it is also VCR-compatible. There are
two ways to hook up your computer to a VCR. If the
VCR has an input jack for cable TV, you shoidd have
received a small 75/300 ohm converter loifh the
VCR (so you can attach an antenna in place of tiie
cable). Disconnect the computer cable from the two
antenna screws in back of the television and attach
the two prangs from the switciibox to the 75/300
ohm converter. Then plug it into the VCR.

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Most VCRs also have two other inputs: one for
audio in, one for video in. If i/ou have a monitor
cable (which plugs into the front of a 1701 or 1702
monitor), you can plug the tivo xvires into the back of
your VCR, audio to audio, video to video. This re-
sults in a better picture than the first method.

Why connect your computer to a VCR? There
are several reasons. If you don't have a printer, i/ou
can list a program lohile the VCR is recording. You
then use reverse, fast fonvard, and freeze to look at
the program listing. Or use graphics and color
screens (generated by the computer) as titles and
credits in homemade videos. And if your tele-
communications software cannot doivnload, you can
record conversations or electronic mail to look at
later (although you still can't download programs).

Recording the computer's video output, while
using a separate microphone for audio could be use-
ful in a class on programming.

And finally, you might record a videogame, so
you can later study your moves and the computer's
responses. Recording the score would also be a way
to prove to friends that you really got five million
points in your favorite action game.

So it is possible to put the audio and video sig-
nals from a VIC or 64 onto videctape. Unfortunately,
the special effects you mention, windows and text
overlays, require a specialized video-editing machine.
You can't create them with just your 64.

If you have both a VCR and a color monitor,
there's another possibility you might not have
considered. One of our editors has his Commodore
1702 monitor hooked up to a VCR. The 1701 and
1702 have a much higher resolution picture than a
color television in the same price range, but they
don't have tuners. The VCR does have a channel
selector, and many have video and audio output
jacks (as well as inputs). By routing these signals to
the monitor, he gets much sharper, clearer pictures
than are possible on a conventional television. Thus,
when he's not using the monitor to display com-
puter programs, he can use it to loatch his favorite
television programs.

Elusive Characters

I've run into a problem typing programs from
your magazine. The answer is not listed in "How
To Type In cOMPUTEI's GAZiilTH Programs." How
do you type {SHIFT-SPACE} or {2 SHIFT-
SPACE}?

James LitreH

Commodore computers have two different space
characters. You get the first by simply pressing the
space bar. The second, a SHIFT-SPACE, is entered
by holding down the SHIFT key while you type a
space. Think of it as a "capital space." A regular
space has an ASCII value of 32, a SHlFTed space is

14 COMPUTE!'s Gazmie January

ASCII 160. And if you PEEK the screen, they have
two different values, 32 or 96.

As explained in "How To Type In computei's
GAZCTTE Programs" in the back of the GAZETTE,
any time you see a number X preceding a special
character in brackets, it means to type that charac-
ter X number of times. So {2 SHI FT -SPACE \
means you should type two SHlFTed spaces— hold
down the SHIFT key and press the space bar twice.

There are two reasons lohy a SHlFTed space
might appear in a listing. If the program runs in
upper- /lowercase mode (as opposed to
uppercase /graphics) and a message contains all cap-
ital letters, it's easiest to type it with the SHIFT
LOCK key down. You could type the message
"PRESS ANY KEY" with the SHIFT LOCK key en-
gaged, and the spaces between the loords would ac-
tually be capital spaces.

Second, if a program uses redefined characters,
there might be one new shape for a space and a dif-
ferent shape for a SHlFTed space.

In the first case (uppercase messages) it
wouldn't matter much which space character you
used. They look the same on the screen. In the sec-
ond (custom characters), it makes a big difference
which character is which.

One other character in our listings which gives
some readers trouble is the left-arrow, just above
the CTRL key, in the upper left-hand corner of the
keyboard. The printer used for GAZETTE listings
does not have this character, so when it appears in
a program, it's listed as a less-than sign with a hy-
phen through the middle. It looks a little like the
tracks of a chicken walking through snow.

Relocatable Machine Language

I'm a fanatic about writing machine language
programs which are totally relocatable within
RAM. As such, I tend to rely on relative address-
ing as much as possible, using multiple branches
to make longer jumps. As of yet, 1 have not
found a method of branching to subroutines
which has worked satisfactorily. I'd like to know
if it's possible to access the program counter so
that its contents may be pushed onto the stack
prior to a relative jump to a routine which ends
with the RTS instruction,

Donald E. Cook

Certainly there are advantages to relocatable ma-
chine language, but what you're proposing is fairly
advanced. Fhe longer your ML program, the more
difficult it becomes to make it relocatable.

The 6502/6510 gives a programmer no direct
access to the program counter. Only instructions
like jMP, jSR, RTS, and branches can iridirectly
change theyrogra?n counter. Since you arc branch-
ing to a subroutine, you must have a way to create
a return address on the stack so that when the sub-

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;get low byte of return address— I

;snvc it

;get high byte of return address— 1

;savc it

;put high byte back on stack

;get low byte back into the accumulator

;put it back so address is restored

routine hits the RTS, executiott is returned just after
the instruction that called the subroutine.

There is a trick you can use to deduce the cur-
rent value of the program counter. When you jump
to a subroutine with jSR, the address of the next
instruction is pushed onto the stack high byte first,
then low byte. The actual value is one less than the
address of the next instruction. RTS pulls the two
bytes off the stack, adds 1 to the value, then stores
this in the program counter, effectively returning
from the subroutine.

Since JSR stores this address on the stack, the
address can be examined in a subroutine zvith PLA.
This small subroutine performs the "where ant I?"
task. After the bytes are examined, they have to be
put back onto the stack so that the "where atn I?"
subroutine can return to the main program.

WAI PLA

TAX

PLA

TAY

PHA

TXA

PHA

SEC

SBC #2 ;gL'l address of the JSR opcode

TAX ;]()w byte is in X

TYA ;get high byte

SBC #0 ;adjust for carry

TAY ;high byte back in Y

RTS ;return with address in X and Y

When you want to know the value of the pro-
gram counter, JSR WAI. The WA! subroutine itself
cannot be relocatable, of course, since your program
must know the address of WAI in order to JSR to it.
Once you have this current address, you can tlien
create a return address for the instruction following
a bra7ich to a subroutine. Remember that the return
address is the actual address minus one. Push it
onto the stack high byte first, then loio byte. You
can then branch to a subroutine, and RTS will re-
turn execution as you desire. This can be extremely
cumbersome, though.

Tiie "Where am I?" technique can also be used
to calculate the address of a data table. You must
know the offset betioeen the address of the }SR WAI
and the location of the data table. You add in the
value returned by WAI, and you have the absolute
address of the data table. Again, though, the work
needed to set up relocatable code is hardly worth
the effort. A relocating loader that moves and ad-
justs an absolute program can often be far more use-
ful. Some assemblers can generate object code that
can be loaded anywhere by a relocating loader. Even
though tnost advanced programmers know about
this theoretical loay to achieve true relocatability,
few programmers consider it xvorthwhile. You'll just
have to wait until home computers use a micro-
processor like the 68000, which supports full
relocatable code (and then some).

16 COMPUTE! 's Gazette January

Locating A Program On Tape

I have a tape problem. Some of your programs
come in two parts. I type in Program 1 and save
it, then type in Program 2 and save it. Then I
discover an error in Program 2. How should I fix
it? If 1 load it, debug it, and save it back to tape,
it will be one program away from where it
should be. The tape will have Program 1, Pro-
gram 2 (with errors), and Program 2 (corrected).
Should I look at the tape counter? Or is there a
better way?

John C. Onken

When you're trying to position a tape to a specific
location, you can use the tape counter. But it is not
entirely accurate, and you may encounter problems
if you accidentally record over the end of a previous
program.

Another solution is to load Program 1, save it
at the beginning of a brand new tape, followed by
the correct version of Program 2. The disativantage,
of course, is that it's time-consuming to load and
save two programs, especially if you have to do it
more than once.

The best answer is to use the VERIFY com-
mand. The purpose of VERlFf is to make sure that
a program has been saved correctly. But it also po-
sitions the tape just past the verified p}rogram.

So, after you've corrected Program 2, rewind
the tape and enter VERIFY. The computer will try
to verify the first program an the tape (Program 1).
Program 2 (in memory) won't match up and you'll
see 7VER1FY ERROR on the screen. Ignore the error
message. The tape will have advanced past Program
1 to the place you want to put Program 2. You can
now save it.

VERIFY can also be used to find out tuhich
programs are on a specific tape, without disturbing
the program in memory. Make up a name, one that
you're certain has not been used, like QWERTllll
and try to verify it. Type VERTFY"QWERT1U1"
and the computer will respond SEARCHING FOR
QWERTllll, followed by FOUND PROGRAMNAME
(or whatever the first program is called). It will keep
searching for the nonexistent program name, while
listing each of the programs it has found on the
tape.

A Solution For The
Unscratchable Comma File

In your October 1984 issue, you published a let-
ter from a reader who had an unwanted disk file
named ",". I've experienced the problem several
times and suspect it is very common. It's usually
the result of accidentally typing RETURN when
prompted by a program to input a name for a file
to be saved.

The comma file can be deleted using the

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SCRATCH command and entering ? as the name.
This also scratches all files with a single character
name, and care should be taken to rename or
duplicate them before scratching the "," file.

Fred Q. Hickam

You're right. Many readers wrote to tell us of this
solution. The question mark is described in the 1541
User's Manual as a "wild card," which can stand
for any other character. So, if you type LOAD
"P?N",8 the computer will load the first program
with a name lohich fits that pattern: PEN, PIN,
PAN, P9N, etc.

For readers who arc new to disk commands,
here's a quick explanation of how you scratch and
rename:

OPENl 5,8, 1 5, "S0;filename";CLOS£3 5
scratches a file from disk. And with the question-
mark wild card, OPEN15,8,15,"S0:?":CLOSE'i5 will
s^cratch all files with one-ietter names. If you have a
file called "Q" you don't want scratched, you can
rename it with 'OPEN]5,S,I5/'R0.-newname = Q"
:CL0SE15 before scratching the one-letter files.

Chained Programs

What statement is used in a program to call an-
other program? What this command should do is
load another program and run it automatically,

Sandra Rodriguez

Is there a way to add the BASIC line SYS XXXXX
to machine language programs that start at 49152
or elsewhere (so I could type RUN without having
to remember the SYS number)?

S. J. Carpenter
To load a BASIC program from within another
BASIC program, simply put the LOAD command in
a line inside the first program. When you load from
direct mode, the program goes into memory but does
not automatically run. But if you load from inside a
program, it loads and runs.

Since BASIC programs always load into the
beginning of memory, the second program will over-
write the first. Variables may be erased, depending
on how long the programs are. If the first is larger,
ail numeric variables will be available for use in the
second program. String variables are passed to the
second program only if they are dynamic. To be sure
they make it, add a null string to the end of each
string variable. Instead of AS ^" HELLO", use
A$= "HELLO" + "" to force the computer to store
the string in high memory.

If the second program is larger, all variables
will be lost when it is called by the first.

You can load a machine language program from
a BASIC program, but a small problem must be
overcome. Remember that loading from within a
program automatically runs the second program.
But something unexpected happens if you try

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something like this:

10 LOAD "MLGAME",8,1
20 SYS 49152

Tape users should change the 8 in line 10 to a
I. The program MLGAME loads into its proper
place in menwnj, but then the computer tries to run
the program in BASIC memory. So it loads the pro-
gram again (and again and again and again). It
never reaches line 20.

Variables are kept intact, so you can make a
small change:

10 IF L = 0 THEN L = l: LOAD "MLGAME",8,1
20 SYS 491S2

The first time through, the variable L equals 0,
so the game is loaded. After the LOAD, the program
is run again, but this time L is 1, so it skips to line
10, which activates the ML program.

You can't really add the SYS line to an ML
program at 49752 (to save as one complete program)
because BASIC ROM gets in the way. But you can
create a short ML loader program which loads and
activates the program. And you don't have to
remember the SYS iiuinber. it's built into the loader.

To load a program from loithin an ML program,
simply call the three Kernal routines SETLFS,
SETNAM, and LOAD. Details about these and other
Kernal routines are in the Programmer's Reference
Guide.

An Equivalent POKE?

On the ViC-20 there is a POKE 650,128. I'd like
to know the equivalent of this POKE on the
Commodore 64.

Ted Kalamvrezas

// you use that POKE with a VIC-20, all keys will
repeat when held down. The 64 equivalent is POKE
650,128. The same POKE does the same thing.

With a few exceptions, memory locations
0-1023 have the same functions on both the VIC
and 64. For example, locations 43-44 point to the
beginning of BASIC program storage. The values
found there xoill be different between the two
computers, because BASIC programs start at dif-
ferent locations on the VIC and 64. But the two
bytes serve the same function (a pointer to the
beginning of the BASIC program storage area).

In any case, you can't do any harm to your
computer by experimenting. If you know about a
POKE for the VIC, try the same thing on a 64. The
worst that could happen is the computer would lock
up and you'd have to turn it off and back on.

User memory, screen and color jnemory, BASIC
ROM, interface chips, and other locations occupy
memory from 1024 to 65417. There are not a lot of
similarities here. You can usually find an equivalent
POKE or SYS, but the locations might he quite
different.

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From 65418 io the end of memon/ is the Kcrnal
Jump Table, which vmy con tabs different values on
a VIC or 64. But the functions are exactly the same.
The location ivith the hexadecimal address $FFD2,
decimal 65490, is one example. It's the location for
printinfi a character in machine laui^uagc. Other
Kernal routi]ics are explained iu the VIC and 64
Programmer's Reference Guides.

Entering Long Programs

I'm just beginning to type in a program. Because
it is rather long, I decided to type in a little each
day then save that day's work.

But when I try and go back and load the dif-
ferent sections together, 1 encounter a problem.
Each successive section I load erases (loads over)
the previously loaded section. Is there any way
to load all the sections together without erasing
the section you just loaded?

Brad McCollum

The problem you're having stems from the fact that
you're treating each day's work as a separate mod-
ule, or program, and saving them that way. When
you reload the sections, the computer thinks they
are separate programs, and loads one on top of the
other.

This is supposed to happen. When you use the
BASIC LOAD command, many subroutines (in

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24 COMPUTE) 's Gazette January

BASIC and Kerual ROM) arc performed to execute
the LOAD. One of these is the PARSL routine at
57809 (SEIDI) in the VIC, and 57812 ($E1D4) in the
64. in a nutshell, this subroutine sets the X and Y
registers ivith the values found in tnemorif locations
43 and 44 which point to tlie start of BASIC. This is
tvherc it will load the program. This is similar to a
NEW command, and it's the reason your program
modules are being overzorittcn.

When you type in long programs in modules,
do not save each one as a separate program.

After entering the first session's work, save it
to tape or disk. When you wish to continue, load the
latest version back into the computer, and continue
to enter the program starting at the point where you
left off After the session is over, save the program
(now the combined first and second sessions) to tape
or disk. If you're not done yet, continue repeating
the same cycle until you've finished.

Reading DATA Strings

I'm having a slight problem with DATA state-
ments. When 1 run the following program, it
prints "A$" instead of "HELLO"

10 AS = "HELLO"
20 READ li$
30 PRINT BS
40 DATA AS

My question: Is there a way for the computer to
see A$ as "HELLO" in a DATA statement after
having previously defined it as such
{A$ = "HELLO")?

Buddy Fieri

No, there's no method to do what you ask. It might
help to imagine a variable as a box. On the outside
you paste a label, the variable name. Inside the box
is a string or numeric value. In line 20, you're read-
ing information from a DATA statement. The name
of tlie variable is B$ (the outside label), the contents
of B$ is "A$" (a string containing two characters).
As far as your computer is concerned, the strijig
"A$" has no real connection with A$ tiie variable
name. You can't pull a label off a variable and use
it as a value, and vice versa.

Probably the best solution to your problem is to
use arrays. A numeric variable can be an index to
an array. In this way, one variable pwints to an-
other, fry the following program:

10 AS<1) = "HELLO"
20 READ B
30 I'RINT A$(B)
40 DATA 1

In I hie 20, the value 3 is read into B from a
DATA statement. That value can then be an index
to the array and in line 30, "HELLO" is printed be-
cause A$(l) holds that string. If you changed the
value of B, line 30 would print something else from
the array. ffl

Ttie Seeond'&ookqti
Mac^risne Language

Richard Mansfield

The foKow-up to the t«st-sel!ir>g;
Machine Language (or Beginners,
this lx)ok leads the programmer
deeper into the imost powerful
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easy step- by-step explanations,
the book shows how to construct :
significant, effective machine lan-
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$U.95 ,

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Volume Two

and 64
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Exciting games, sophisticated
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Commodore 64 highlight this sec-
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PUTEs Gazette, as well as many
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modore computer users of all lev-
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Edward H. Carison ;

Don't let the title fooi you.; COM-
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children from ages. 10 to 14. but :
anyone interested in learning
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You'll leani exactly how to get the
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Everything is explained in non-
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applications, tutorials, and utilities
also includes several programs
never ttefore publistied. Com-
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experience will find this book
informative, entertaining, and
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display, play educational and ar-
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Please Include a $2l00;shippihg arid twndling charge pfer txjpk ori all Orders.

Word processing, record
keeping, budgeting— you can
accomplish each of these
everyday tasks with your
Commodore 64. Software
producers are now offering
new personal productivity
programs which bring those
separate functions together
for even faster and more
efficient use.

Selby Bateman, Features Editor

Imagine yourself at a desk.
There are four drawers,
each containing one of the
following items: a type-
writer, a calculator, a file box
with folders, and a drawing kit
of pens and markers. You take
out the typewriter and begin to
compose a letter. Suddenly you
realize that you need a couple
of records from your file box to
include in the correspondence.

So, you put your typewriter
in its drawer, pull out the box,
find the files, take them out, re-
turn the box to its drawer, and
retrieve your typewriter. A few
moments later, you want several
budget totals which are still
stored in the calculator's mem-
ory. The cumbersome procedure
begins all over again as you
place the calculator on your
desk, sliding the typewriter out
of the way in order to use the
other item. The same situation
applies if you want to draw a
graph of those figures.

The Move

Of course, no one actually
follows such a strange and un-
wieldy process. Why not use all
four of those items together,
integrating the information and
the procedures in a productive
manner? When it comes to com-
puters, that's exactly what the
more powerful business ma-
chines do — accomplish multiple
tasks with integrated software
programs.

But for the most part, that
hasn't been the case with home
computers. Say you use a data
base for keeping track of your
stamp collection. If you then
want to write a letter offering
some of the stamps for sale,
you'll probably have to type
them in again, because your
data base files aren't compatible
with your word processor files.
While many word processors,
data bases, and spreadsheets
perform their respective reper-
toires quite well, their acts have
most often been workhorse so-
los rather than lilting duets or
rich concertos.

Integrated
Software

26 COMPUTEl's Gazelle January

While a symphony of inte-
grated movements on the
Commodore 64 has yet to be
composed in the personal pro-
ductivity area, that is dearly the
goal toward which an increasing
number of companies are
headed.

One such company is
Arktronics Corporation, with a
new package called Jane.

"The idea behind Jane is to
give professional features in the
home market by making it very
easy to use," says Howard E.
Marks, the 22-year-old co-
founder of Arktronics. Jane is an
integrated productivity software
package scheduled to be re-
leased for the Commodore 64
by the time you read this. The
price is expected to be about
$80. First available on the
Apple lie, the program has a
Macintosh-like iVoH-based envi-
ronment, using pictures and
symbols to guide the user, as
well as onscreen windows for
displaying information. "Jane
has three applications — the
word processor, the spreadsheet,
and the data base — on a disk.
The system is on a (32K plug-in)
cartridge... which boots up auto-
matically when you turn on the
computer," says Marks.

The program includes the
applications disk, a data disk
containing tutorial files and util-
ides, and the cartridge. The sys-
tem is designed to work with a
mouse — a desktop pointing de-
vice most associated with Ap-
ple's Macintosh computer — as
well as the keyboard, joystick,
or touch pad, Arktronics is
working with several companies
now as they develop mice for
the Commodore 64. Jane also
contains utilities which will con-
figure the system for your par-
ticular printer.

The package is designed to
be particularly easy to use by
people new to computers, says
Marks. (Hence, the name, which
comes from the familiar Dick

. ♦ , we^ll get

more personal.

The idea is

to go toward

intelligent

systems that

are easy

to use*

and Jane kindergarten reading
characters.) "With the word pro-
cessor, what you see is what
you get. So you see boldface,
underlining, superscripts, sub-
scripts, and all the accents for
any language on the screen. We
use the full-color bitmap, the
same technology as the Macin-
tosh. You can see 80 columns
on the screen, 64, or 40
columns."

And, importantly, the sys-
tem allows you to move from
one application to another. You
can shift information from one
window to another, thus inte-
grating the three programs. For
example, suppose you have a
letter you want to write in one
window and a budget in the
other. By moving an electronic
symbol of a hand over the type-
writer and calculator icons, you
can take the numbers out of the
budget window and insert them
anywhere you want them in the
letter. By using the mouse, or

one of the other input devices,
you can carry out the process
without touching the keyboard.

"One of the big problems
that computers have today is
that they're not easy to use,"
says Marks. "People who are
afraid of computers^who have
computerphobia — are not going
to buy them because they are
difficult."

That sentiment is echoed by
David Johnson of California-
based International Tri Micro.
He designed and programmed
the ROM -based integrated
applications software which
comes built into the new Com-
modore Plus/ 4 computer,

"The original concept was
to provide as powerful and as
friendly a work space as possi-
ble for the average user, a
general-purpose work space
which a large segment of the
population would be able to
use," he says.

Originally called 3-Plus-l
when planned for the Plus/4 —
to reflect the word processor,
file manager, and spreadsheet,
plus bar charting capability — the
same programs are available on
disk for the Commodore 64 in
separate packages. Your Home
Office is a word processor and
spreadsheet, The Write File is a
word processor and data base,
and Plus Graph adds the ability
to produce pie charts and vari-
able bar and line charts from ei-
ther spreadsheet or data base
information,

"To make a truly software-
driven machine, the idea was
that these throe categories repre-
sent the majority of what the
first-time computer user wants
to do with the machine, or will
have some need to do," says
Johnson. "What will happen, as
we get more room [computer
memory] available, is we'll get
more personal. The idea is to go
toward intelligent systems that
are easy to use. That's still quite
a distance on,"

COMPUTEI's Gazette January

27

The more integrated a series
of programs becomes, the
greater the memory require-
ments. Packages which gobble
up thousands of bytes of mem-
ory for their systems are fine for
high-end business computers.
But home computers with 64K
must make tradeoffs. Arktronics'
Jane attempts to solve the prob-
lem by adding a 32K cartridge
to allow more capabilities. Most
commercial packages for the

Commodore 64 try to work
within the available memory by
drawing limits where necessary
and by offering some integration
in the most frequently used
applications.

For example, while }auc has
enough space in memory to
allow you to type the equivalent
of ten to twelve pages of text
per file, Johnson's system in
both the Plus/4 and for the 64
permits only 99 lines of text for

each file. To get around that
limitation, the user can link in-
dividual text files together for a
printout.

There are too many per-
sonal productivity programs
available for the 64 to list them
all in one article. Most of the
better known systems have at
least some integration of fea-
tures. The Insfa series from
Microsci Corporation's Cimarron
Division, consists of nine

The following companies are among those
with personal productivity software for the
Commodore 64, with some degree of internal
integration of features:

Arktronics Corporation
520 E. Liberty Street
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
(313) 769-7253
Jane, approximately $80.00

Arrays, Inc./Corttinattal Software

11223 South Hindry Avenue

Los Angeles, CA 90045

(213) 410-3977

Get Rich Series, suggested $49.95 each

Batteries Included

186 Queen Street West

Toronto, Ontario

Canada M5V IZl

(416)596-1405

Home Organizer Series, $29.95 each

Cardco, Inc.

313 Malhewson

Wichita, KS 67214

(316) 267-6525

Write Now ($49.95), Mail Now, Spell Now, File Now,

Graph Now, Calc Now (all $39.95 each)

Commodore Computer Systems Division

1200 Wilson Drive

Westchester, PA 19380

(215)431-9100

Magic Desk I, apptro.ximately S30.00-$35.00

Creative Software

230 East Caribbean Drive

Sunnyvale. CA 94089

(408)' 745-1 655

Creative Writer, Creative Filer, Creative Calc, $49.95

each

Electronic Arts

2755 Campus Drive

San Mateo, CA 94403

(415) 571-7171

Financial Cookbook, $50.00

2% COMPUTErs Gaiene January

Handic Software, Inc.

520 Fellowship Road

Mt. Laurel, N} 08054

(60$) 866-1001

Word Result ($195.00), Calc Result Easy ($49.95), Calc

Result Advanced ($99.95)

International Tri Micro

1010 N. Batavia, Suite G

Orange, CA 92667

(714) 771-4038

The Write FUe ($49.95), Your Home Office ($49.95).

Plus Graph ($39.95}

Microsci Corporation

Cimarron Division

2158 South Hathaway Street

Santa Ana. CA 92705

(714) 662-2801

Insta-Writer f549.95J, Insta-Mall ($19.95), Insta-Calc

($39.95), Insta-File ($49.95)

Prentice-Hall Home Software

P.O. Box 819

Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632

(201) 592-2611

IMS! Home Library, $39.95 each

Sierra, Inc.

P.O. Box 485

Coarsegold, CA 93614

(209) 683-6858

Homeword ($69.95), Homeword Finance (price not

available), Homeword Tax (price not available)

Timeworks, Inc.

405 Lake Cook Road

Deerfield, IL 60015

(312) 291-9200

Word Writer ($49.95), Data Manager ($24.95), Data

Manager 2 ($49.95), Electronic Checkbook, Money

Manager ($24.95 each)

TOTL Safttuare. Inc.

1555 Third Avenue

Walnut Creek. CA 94596

(415) 943-7877

TOTL.Text ($43.95), TOTL.Speller ($34.95), TOTL, Label

($23.95)

A few minutes and a few keystrokes. That's all it takes to turn your personal
computer into a personal print shop.

Everything you need is in the program; typefaces, border designs, background
patterns, pictures, symbols and a starter kit of colored paper and matching envelopes.
The Print Shop Vk'ill also guide you along, step by step, even if you've never touched
a computer before.

So think v^hat you'd like to say, then pu t it in your own words with The Print Shop.

L^itcrlicath,
logos, htiinieti

and signs. If you
can imagini- if,

you can make it'

Keep yous-
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Print Shop.

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packages for the Commodore
64 based around its Insta-Wrifer
word processor on cartridge.
With the word processor, you
can also use the lusta-Matl mail-
ing list program and the lustn-
File data base management
program. The spreadsheet and
investment programs in this se-
ries can be used with the
graphing package as well.

Creative Software offers
three interactive packages, Crt'-
ative Writer, Creative Filer, and
Creative Calc, which also let you
use files in an integrated manner.

Sierra's Homeword series,
built around the Hoiiu'word
word processor, includes an in-
tegrated filing system as well as
a spelling checker. Other inte-
grated packages which are
scheduled for release — as this is
written — include Homeword Fi-
nance, a home finance package;
Homeword Tax, a tax preparation
program; Homeword fyper; and
even a Homeword Gardener.

Commodore's Magic Desk I:
Type and File is a good example
of how ease-of-use can be com-
bined with limited multiple
functions to provide basic appli-
cations. Using icons, or symbols,
to direct the user, the program
lets you type and file letters,
memos, notes, and the like — a
simple word processor and file
manager in one.

3ersonal finances are well
suited for integration since a
common chart of accounts can
be used with a variety of differ-
ent programs, whether it's bal-
ancing a budget, planning future
investments, buying property, or
figuring interest rates.

That idea is the premise be-
hind the new Get Rich financial
series from Arrays, Inc./
Continental Software, available
for the Commodore 64.

"The first module coming
out, called Get Rich: Strategies,
addresses what people do once
they have discretionary dollars,
those dollars people have left

over once they've paid for all
their necessities," says Hank
Scheinberg, executive vice
president.

"Integrated is too strong a
word, right now. This is more
like a series of books," he adds.
"Once you go through Strate-
gies, and you have some ideas
of amortization schedules, com-
pounding interest, inflation
rates, real buying power, and
the like, then the second mod-
ule is Get Rich: Real Estate Plan-
ning." Subsequent modules
include insurance planning and
retirement and estate planning,
he notes. Each of the subject-
specific volumes is designed to
work in tandem with the origi-
nal Strategies program, which
gives the user an overall finan-
cial picture.

"These modules are set up
in a question-and-answer situa-
tion. You're constantly asked
questions, and the user just fills
in the blanks and then picks the
choice which is most benefi-
cial," he says. 'Tt asks questions
which the uninitiated perhaps
would not know enough to
ask,"

Whether the format is
question-and-answer prompts,
icon-based menus, information
windows, or easy-to-remember
commands, software designers
are emphasizing a mix between
ease of use and flexibility, that
is, how easy it is to use a sys-
tem versus how powerfully and
flexibly it operates. That's good
news for Commodore 64 own-
ers who want productivity pack-
ages that will let them really get
down to business.

In addition, software com-
panies realize there is still a
large untapped consumer mar-
ket for computers, What will
make people buy a computer?
Perhaps the answer lies in the
initial responses Hank
Scheinberg has received: "The
comments we're getting back
are that this is a real reason to
have a home computer." Q|

30 COMPUTE! s GaiattB January

MAKE NO MISJAKE. . .

CALK IT for your Commodore 64 is a pcmerful, real-world problem solver. Paster, easier and
more accumte than pencil, paper iintl calculator - and a lot less frustrutiiii;.

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Ihc ( alKit problem-solving packa);e includes built-
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An easy and comprehensive manual with tutorials on
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Bruce Art wick,

The Designer Behind
Flight Simulator It

I I I I I I I

Kathy Yakal, Feature Writer

I I i I I I I

There must be a lot of would-be pilots out there
Flight Simulator 11, a microcomputer-based
flight simulator, has sold a quarter of a million
. copies and stayed on the best-seller charts since
it was introduced. Here's a look at the
program and the designer,

I I I

You've seen those air dis-
aster movies where the
pilot and co-pi!ot are
suddenly stricken with
a mysterious ailment, or injured
in a struggle with a hijacker. A
stewardess or even a passenger
must take over and fly the plane
to safety

There might have been a
little less sweating in all of
those movies if the substitute
pilots had used Flight Simulator
11 from subLOGIC. It turns your
Commodore 64 into a flight
simulation lab, and puts you at
the controls of a small aircraft.
The tremendous success of
Flight Simulator U may be a bit
surprising to those of us who
are a bit phobic about flying.
Even with our feet on the
ground and hands on the key-
board, the illusion of flying can
bring back memories of white-
knuckled flights.

Bruce Artwick, the designer

32 COMPUTE! s Gazette January

and programmer of Flight Sitnu-
lator U, says it appeals to people
for different reasons. "Some buy
it just for the fun of flying
around. A lot buy it because
they like the graphics," he says.
"There's an arcade game built
into it, so some people buy it
for that. And some people actu-
ally want to use it to practice
flying. All of these elements —
the game, flying, and nice scen-
ery combine to attract a few
from here and there."

Flying is an avocation for
Bruce Artwick (he's had a
pilot's license for several years),
but his real interest is computer
graphics. Raised in the Chicago
area, Artwick went to school at
the University of Illinois at
Champaign-Urbana. While fln-
ishing his master's thesis there,
he worked on 3-D graphics sofl-
ware for real flight simulators at
the school's aviation research

laboratory.

He took a job at Hughes
Aircraft in California in the late
seventies, about the time the
microcomputer industry started
to pick up speed. Interested in
the possibilities of graphics on
the new machines, Artwick
started programming small 3-D
graphics packages for them, He
formed subLOGIC in 1977, and
moved back to Illinois at the
urging of his partner, Stu
Moment.

His first demo program for
the new Apples was a small
flight simulator. "1 was sur-
prised at how successful it was.
It made me realize there was a
lot of consumer interest in flight
simulation," says Artwick. Flight
Simulator 1 for the Apple hit the
bestseUer charts and stayed
there.

In late 1981, Artwick was

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Two views of Neiv York City from the cockpit: the Empire State Building and Manhattan Bridge.

approached by IBM and Micro-
soft. Both wanted him to trans-
late his program for a new
machine that would be coming
out the next year, a microcom-
puter with a powerful new pro-
cessor that would allow him to
do more than he was able to on
the Apple.

He finally went with
Microsoft, which published
Flight Simulator //, an upgrade
of the original Apple version,
for the new IBM PC. It was so
popular that people at Commo-
dore and Apple went after him
to translate it for their new
computers.

"Back then, I didn't think it
was possible to bring that kind
of graphics performance down
to the smaller machines," he
says. "But we gave it a try and
did the best we could."

Crunching the program
down for Commodore, Apple,
and Atari "...was a major
project," says Artwick. "We
knew that we were very tight
on memory. One of the most
important things to have would
be good software tools to do it,
a good assembler and debugger.
We couldn't do development on
the machine we were designing
it for. Like on the Apple, we
couldn't have the Apple do as-
semblies and load it into itself

34 COMPUTErs GaiettB January

and run it because it takes up all
of memory, almost every last
byte." They spent a half year
setting up that development
system on an IBM PC with hard
disk drives. Once they got the
basic simulation going, they
started packing in as many fea-
tures as possible. "We used to
have meetings and say, 'We
have 30 systems we have to add
and only 1300 bytes left,' " says
Artwick. "We packed it tighter
and tighter until we had just
about everything we wanted."

And those features that had
to be left out are basically cos-
metic, "like the windshield
cracking on the IBM version,"
says Artwick. "It took up a lot
of memory, but we had it,"

The sequel was just as pop-
ular as the original. Flight Simu-
lator I was finally knocked off
the bestseller charts by Flight
Simulator H.

The control panel of Flight
Simulator II resembles the
instruments of a Piper PA-28-
181 Archer II, a single-engine,
nonretractable gear aircraft, it
was chosen because it offers-
good performance, yet is un-
complicated and easy to fly.

You control the aircraft by
pressing designated keyboard
letters. The right bracket (]) in-

creases your throttle. F makes it
bank, and G controls the bank-
ing. Press B for a view out the
back of the plane, and T for a
front view. You'll need to spend
a couple of hours learning all
the various commands, maybe
more if you know nothing about
flying. (The program comes
with a user's manual and a
booklet explaining the concepts
of flight physics and aircraft
control.)

The first time you take off,
you leave Meigs Field in Chicago.
From there, you can fly to a
number of airports in downstate
Illinois, or set the controls to
take you to one of the other
three designated "scenery" ar-
eas: Seattle, New York, or Los
Angeles. Flight is in realtime, so
if you take off from Chicago
before you go to work or school
and leave the program running,
you can come home for lunch in
time to land on the West Coast.

The flying environment is
more than ten thousand by ten
thousand miles square. It en-
compasses the entire continental
United States and includes more
than 80 airports, winds, clouds,
time of day (for day, dusk, and
night flight), and navigation
aids. You can select the flight
conditions^even choose be-
tween easy mode, which makes
the aircraft more forgiving of

Attention

Commodore

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Looking for a versatile disk drive that efficiently interfaces with your Commodore'
personal or business computer? Then look no further. MSD offers not just one drive,
but two — the SD-1 and the SD-2 Super Disk Drives.

With the SD-1 Super Disks 4K buffer memory, you can open more files at any one
time. Its rapid internal operations allow you to execute utility commands In a minimal
amount of time and to format disks in only 17 seconds. If you demand more and thus
faster duplication, however, then the SD-2 Is for you. You can format, copy and verify in
less than 2 minutes — twenty times faster than if you used two single drives together.

Both drives feature state-of-the-art design for exceptional durability and longer
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pilot blunders, and reality mode,
which adds more sophisticated
factors.

If you tire of the challenge
of keeping a plane in the air,
you can play WWI Ace, the
game option which equips the
plane with bombs, machine
guns, and a radar screen, and
pits you against other WWI
fighting planes.

More memory, for the engi-
neers at subLOGlC, means
faster simulations and more
complex scenery (they're al-
ready preparing new scenery
disks for San Francisco, Wash-
ington, D.C., and the Denver/
Rocky Mountain area). "We're
trying to stay updated on new
machines, because we think this
is an area of interest that will
stay around for a long time,"
says Artwick.

The Apple lie has already
spawned an enhanced edition
called Flight Simulator UM, to be

released sometime in 1985. It's a
multi-player game. By linking
two or more Apple He's (either
in the same room or via
modem), you can fly around in
the same air space and see each
other, "...go on flights together
and hide behind mountains,"
says Artwick.

In the meantime, f(i*^/if
Simulator // still appeals to a
wide age group, "from kids
writing in to tell us how well
they did on the game to middle-
aged pilots who tell us we
ought to have more ILS ap-
proaches," says Artwick.

And it's being used in train-
ing, he says, but not like you
might think. "When it comes to
training a guy to fly a jet fighter
or something, it's not really very
good because there are no real
flight controls." But flight in-
structors and national institu-
tions are using it to show
students how the gauges and
other navigational instruments

look and how they work. "In
that respect, it's pretty useful, a
lot more useful than a
textbook."

Artwick has received re-
quests from such far-off custom-
ers as the Singapore Air Force,
and from people working on re-
search projects for their organ-
izations who want him to make
modifications to the program.

And there's one more inter-
esting application for Flight Sim-
ulator Jl: Along with Lotus 1-2-3
and dBase U, it's known as a
compatibility test for IBM PC
compatibles. When Compaq
Corporation was testing its ma-
chine, the designers found that
Flight Simulator 11 wouldn't run.
"They had a whole roomful of
testers testing it, and it turned
out to be a bug in one of Intel's
chips," says Artwick. "In their
hardware design, it was more
sensitive than IBM. Compaq ac-
tually had to change their
ROMs." 9

COIVIIViaDORE OWNERS:

"Finally, A Universal Graphics Interface!"

ThB ALL NEW "MICROGFtAFIX" paratlel imertace byMicto World
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truly ttie most uniuersal ol Interlaces with (he capacily to prim Ihe
Commodore' graphics set, since it is switch soleclable forvinually
all cenlronics compatible parallel printers irciucling Daisy wheel
primers.
Features:

1) Fully Intelligent Interface that plugs into ihs Standard Com-
modore' prinlBf socket.
2} Complete graphics capability that wilt allow popjiar matrix
printers 10 lylly pass the Commodore' Printer test (including
Inverse text, tabbing, cursor up/down, etc.),

3) Works with vinually ail software, since it provides emula-
tion ot the Standard Commodore* Primer.

4) Opiional user installed 4K buffer to Speed up grapfiics and
text priming.

5) Complete built-in status and self-lest report.

B) Switch Selectable Commodore* graphics mode (or most
popular printers (Epson. Star MIcronics, C. Iloh. Prowriter.
OWdala, Seikosha, NEC, Biteman, Banana, BMC,
Panasonic, Mannesman Talley and others) plus a Univer-
sal Switch mode for letter quality printers.

7) Complete wilh emulalo mode, Iranspareni mode, total tent
mode. ASCII conversion modes that will insure virtually total
compatibility with popular Software.

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GREAT NEWS FOR

OH^NERS OF COMMODORE,

APPLE, &AE4RI COMPUTERS!

Most printers don't woric with
Commodore or Atari. And to get
one ttiat does, costs too much.
That's why the enghieers at Blue
Chip designed a new personal
printer called the M120/10. U
you own a computer read on:
Of the ten high speed dot matrix
printers most often used with
Commodore, Apple, and Atari, none
is less expensive than the Blue
Chip M 120/ 10, Or mure powerful.
Fully equipped, it's about $50 less
expensive than a comparable, yet
much slower CommtKlore printer.
And in the vicinit>' of S3(K) less than
an Epson* set-up to work with a
Commodore.

Despite its low price, the Biue Chip
Ml 20/ 10 is not a stripped down,
bargain basement printer.

In fact, when you judge it by the
same stringent standards computer
professionals use — by weighing total

performance against cost — it's
difficult to find a printer that com-
pares to the Blue Chip Ml 20/ 10.

Top speed with a Blue Chip Ml 20/ 10
is 1 20 ctwracters per second. 'I'o beat
that in any other make of printer, you
have to speiid about $400 more.

Special print modes on an Ml 20/ 10
include graphics; condensed, bold-
faced and expanded characters; as
well as sufjerscripts and subscripts,
and near letter quality characters.
And to beat that in any other make
of printer you have to spend nearly
S300 more.

And since it also has the IBM-PC*,
Apple Macintosh* and IIC*, Serial,
and Centronics interfaces**, you can
use the Blue Chip MI20/10'with just
about any computer you may
eventually own.

The Blue Chip Personal Printer cosLs
a lot less than anything similar...
without compromise in quality.
Higlily ixjwerful and relentlessly
practical.

See one today. Blue Chip printers
are available at Best Products,
LaBelle's, Jafco, Doigin's, Miller Sales,
Rogers. Great Western catalog stiow-
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call (800) 441-2345, Ext. 540, for
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BLUE CHIP®

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MiK^^lrlt's i\)tit

IiIm Ik d l'^glvlfrc^] ifjcli^'tMrJi u] liiU-iruit;i()iiAl IkuN-irm^^ M4clijm% Cwp

T*

i.,, 1 ,~T~f^dM\

r^' II W " II ^

j^H-,, jL.p^^g

z

I

Sharon Darling,
Research Assistant

With the advent of telecom-
munications services and
on-line data bases, comput-
ers can give you a "window
to the world" from your
home, offering hundreds of
productivity and entertain-
ment services.

If you own a Commodore
64 and a modem, perhaps
you've considered subscrib-
ing to an on-line telecom-
munications service. Is it worth
the investment? Let's imagine
the following scenario:

It's seven o'clock on a
Thursday night. The library
closed at five, and Sammy
Jordan has a school report due
tomorrow on a subject he hasn't
yet researched. Dad has been
dabbling in the stock market,
studying which stocks he'd like
to buy. Now he's ready to
plunge ahead, but can't place an
order with a stockbroker until 9
a.m. Friday. And he's leaving on
a business trip at 8 a.m. Mom
meant to stop at the bank on
her way home from the office,
but left work too late to get
there before the bank closed.

To top it all off, Sally's
birthday is coming up, and her
birthday present wish list con-
tains an item not available in
their hometown. The closest
store that carries it is 50 miles
away.

Such a situation could
cause a lot of stress and worry.

38 COMPUTErs Gazette January

If practice makes perfect,

buy the SAT and typing programs

that make practicing easier.

Hsrcoiirt Brace Jovanovich

COMPUTER SAT

Computer preparation (ortlicSAT

THE PERFECT SCORE

MASTER TYPE

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Testing

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Sample

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Manual with
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Print-out
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Six

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Studying with a computer program nial<es rrore
sense than using a manual. But Harcourfs Computer SAT
($79,95) gives you a fat manual and just 2 double-sided
disks.

For $89.95, Barron's Computer Study Program gmes
you an even fatter manual, plus 3 double-sided disks.

Why not buy a computer program that's a computer
program?

Ours has 5 double-sided disks arKJ a skinrry manual.
And costs just $69.95.

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Sentence

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Drill
on weakest
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Progress

recorded

Ym/

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Ycd/

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Unlike Keyboard Cadet. Master Type doesn't show
you the correct finger positions on the screen. So you
might ttecome a fast hunt-arxJ-peck typist instead of a fast
typist.

As long as you're learning how to type, why not learn
how to type the right way? Keyboard Cadet, $39.95.

The Perfect Score and Keyboard Cadet from Mindscape

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But not for our fictional family.
They recently subscribed to an
on-line telecommunications ser-
vice for use with their Commo-
dore 64. Now, they're going to
put their investment to good
use.

Sammy logs on first and
gets the information he needs
for his report from an on-line
encyclopedia, then looks
through a special interest group
(SIG) data base to get a few
more facts. He downloads the
data, prints it out, and starts
writing his report. Next, Dad ac-
cesses the financial services sec-
tion and places his stock order.
He can now leave for his busi-
ness trip without worrying. He
knows the stockbroker will re-
ceive instructions as soon as the
office opens and will immedi-
ately place his order. Dad will
later receive confirmation of the
purchase.

While he's on-line. Dad
also checks the weather forecast
for the city he's going to on his
business trip. Since the report is
calling for rain, he packs a rain-
coat and umbrella.

It's Mom's turn next. She
visits the bank, which is a mem-
ber of the telecommunications
service, and transfers money
from savings to checking. She
also looks through merchandise
available in the service's on-line
shopping mall and orders a
birthday present for Sally.

While this is only a fictional
scenario, the services described
are used every day by thou-
sands of computer owners who
log on rigiit from their homes.
Today, there are a growing
number of companies offering
well over a thousand different
on-line services and data bases
which can make many routine
household tasks more conven-
ient— even fun.

n-line services have come a
long way in a relatively
short period of time. Take, for
example, CompuServe, the larg-
est of all such home-based tele-

40 COMPUTEI's Gazette January

communications systems, with
145,000 subscribers. Started as a
time-sharing service for busi-
nesses, home computerists were
first allowed access to the sys-
tem in 1979.

At the time, it was a data
base for hobbyists says Paul
Battaglia, a CompuServe
spokesperson. A CB radio own-
ers' interest group was one of
the most popular services. There
were under one thousand sub-
scribers, and on]y about 25 dif-
ferent data bases which could
be accessed. By 1980, the num-
ber of subscribers had increased
to about 5,000. Today, there are
more than 800 different data
bases, special interest groups,
and services, covering almost
every topic, from aviation to
world news.

The Source, another popu-
lar system, has roughly 60,000
subscribers right now, and offers
hundreds of data bases in six
major categories — business and
finance, travel, games, consumer
services, news and sports, and
communications. Dow Jones has
well over 120,000 subscribers.
While most of its offerings are
geared toward business users,
there are several services which
appeal to the home computerist,
such as movie reviews, sportr
and weather reports.

If you've been looking for
additional uses for your com-
puter, joining an on-line service
could be one of the most re-
warding. Let's take a look at
some of the options available.

Buying stocks, bonds, and
other securities on-line is a rela-
tively new concept for the ser-
vices. It is currently available to
subscribers of The Source and
CompuServe, for example,
through different brokerage
firms.

You open an account with
either Max Ule & Company, if
you are a CompuServe sub-
scriber, or Spear Securities, Inc.,
if you have joined The Source.
The brokerage houses are mem-
bers of these two major services.

With CompuServe, you must
also have access to its Executive
Information Service. Security,
accessibility, and guaranteed
service are very important in
any of these computerized sys-
tems. For example, subscribers
must clear a number of security
levels before placing their buy
and sell orders. This makes the
chances of illegal entry
"minute," according to Richard
A, Baker, CompuServe's director
of corporate communications.

Besides buying stocks, other
financial information is available
on The Source and Compu-
Serve, as well as Dow Jones
News/ Retrieval, one of the
most respected business-
oriented telecommunications
networks.

Computerized banking, while
still in its infancy, is a fast-
growing service. CompuServe,
Chemical Bank's Pronto Home
Information and Banking Sys-
tem, and a few others let you do
your banking from the comfort
of your living room. Right now,
CompuServe has agreements
with three banks (Shawmut in
Boston, United American Bank,
Memphis, and Huntington Na-
tional Bank, Columbus, Ohio).
Baker says more banks will
probably be added to the net-
work later.

Chemical Bank's Pronto
system, which can be used by
Commodore 64 owners, topped
10,000 subscribers last summer.
It offers users the ability to pay
bills, transfer funds, get bal-
ances, see electronic statements,
track budgets, and balance
checkbooks.

In addition, the bank has li-
censing agreements with eight
other banks coast-to-coast. An-
other on-line system, Keyfax
Interactive Information Service,
based in Chicago, offers home
banking, educational packages,
data bases, and financial op-
tions. A home shopping service
is planned as well.

While The Source does not

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61984 Reading DynamKs. Inc. and Timowofhs. Inc All (ights losorved. ■Rsgiaered irademaftts ol
Conmiodote Ccmouiei Systems. Iniofnaional Businsss Machines Cotp . Apple Campuief. Inc . Alan, Inc.

have home banking yet, it prob-
ably will be added in the future,
says JoAnne Montgomery, a
Source spokesperson.

There are many types of at-
home shopping services avail-
able. Perhaps the best known is
Comp-U'Card's Comp-U-Store,
which is available on Compu-
Serve, The Source, and Dow
Jones.

Subscribers to these services
pay an additional fee to belong
to Comp-U-Store, which offers
more than 60,000 items from
national manufacturers and
stores. Comp-U-Store also offers
discounts of up to 40 percent on
its merchandise.

Right now, Comp-U-Store
has 16,000 on-line subscribers
and 800,000 telephone subscrib-
ers who do not have access to a
computer, says Lynn Booth, di-
rector of corporate communica-
tions for Comp-U-Card
International. She says the
popularity of the service is
growing because "more and
more people have home com-
puters, and they find they don't
have the time to spend brows-
ing or comparison shopping, so
they use a service Uke ours,"

CompuServe introduced the
Electronic Shopping Mall last
April, which offers goods from
about 90 national merchandisers
like Sears, Bloomingdale's, and
Waldenbooks. Battaglia says
that while the electronic mall is
popular, "I don't think it's ever
going to replace going out to the
store and buying goods — there's
a certain social function in-
volved (in shopping), and I
think this (the mall) is a conven-
ience factor."

Use of such services should
grow though, he adds, as people
get accustomed to shopping by
computer. "Right now, it's a
unique thing," Battaglia says,
"and I think there are more
products that are sold more
readily over this kind of me-
dium than other kinds of
products.

"A designer dress, for ex-

42 COMPUTEI's Gazette January

ample, would be difficult to sell
to the pubhc right now because
they're not acclimated to mak-
ing purchases with just that
information at hand."

Shopping by computer
should really take off, Battaglia
says, when home computers are
able to receive sophisticated
enough graphics that can show
what a product will look like,
versus a word description of the
merchandise.

X^W hether it's financial infor-
^ ® mation you need, or ma-
terial for a school paper, or even
the answer to a trivia question,
you can probably get the facts
you need from one of the on-
line services. Sports news, ency-
clopedias, weather reports, news
items from national and interna-
tional wire services, movie re-
views, and newspapers are all
examples of information you
can access with your computer.

And there are special inter-
est groups of every type avail-
able as well, ranging from
people who own specific kinds
of computers, to pilots, to home
canners.

If you're planning a trip,
you can check the Official Air-
line Guide (OAG) to find the
best ticket prices. Even making
airline reservations from your
home has become a simple pro-
cedure with your computer.

Another popular feature
which ties directly into your
home is electronic mail. Accord-
ing to Montgomery, The
Source's electronic mail service
"gets the most use from con-
sumers and business."
CompuServe's Battaglia also at-
tests to the popularity of the
service. Electronic mail is "hot"
right now, for both consumers
and business users, he says.

Unusual subject areas can
be accessed. CompuServe, for
instance, offers an advice col-
umnist. Aunt Nettie, as well as
information on PGA golfers, in-
surance, humor, and human
sexuality.

On The Source, categories
include collectibles, classified
advertisements, teens, and
schedules of the U.S. House of
Representatives. Those services
are but a sample of what's
available. To list every subject
category offered by the various
services might take an entire
magazine.

Of course, it costs money to
join any of the on-line services.
A basic subscription will cost
you roughly the same price as a
piece of commercial software.
The Source reduced its subscrip-
tion fee this fall to $49.95. Get-
ting on-line with CompuServe
costs about $40, although many
modem manufacturers offer a
free subscription to CompuServe
as part of the package.

Dow Jones has three differ-
ent levels of membership, with
prices ranging from $50 to $75.
In addition, there are charges
from each service for the
amount of time spent on-line.
Some of the services, such as
sending an electronic mail letter,
also require an extra fee.

In addition to the sign-up
fee, most services charge an
hourly rate for time spent on
the service. It generally costs
more during business hours, but
in the evening, the rates may be
as little as six dollars an hour.
And if you have to call long-
distance, the time is charged
against your phone bill (many
services have local numbers you
can call, so you can avoid pay-
ing long-distance bills). The
telecommunication options
available by home computer are
expanding every day, and there
are no signs of slowing down.
Modems remain one of the most
popular peripherals for Commo-
dore 64 owners, a fact not lost
on the major on-line systems.
Will this expansion continue?
CompuServe is already planning
to increase its mainframe com-
puter capacity by 90 percent
over the next two years. And
everyone else seems to be fol-
lowing suit, W

Wedoritcare
which computer you own.

AWU help you
get the most out of it.

"r

^

f

'^t .- "-itpy-y^iiti

\^

'**•!;

.nj

CompuServe puts a woM iof InlBrmation, commutiii

CompuServe is the easy to mm videotex
service designed for the personal
computer user and managed by the com-
munications professionals who provide
business information services to over one
fourth of the Fortune 500 companies.

Subscribers get a wealth of useful,
profitable, or just plain interesting infor-
mation like national news wires, electronic
banking and shop at home services, and

sophisticated financial data. Plus, a
communications network for electronic
mail, a bulletin board for selling, swap-
ping, and personal notices and a multi-
channel CB simulator.

You get games on CompuServe, too.
Classic puzzlers, educational, sports and
adventure games and fantastic space
games featuring MegaWirs, the "ultimate
computer conflict."

iliiitertaiiirnent at your fingertips.

The videotex service for you, no matter
wliich computer you own. To buy a Starter
Kit, see your nearest computer dealer.
To receive our informative brochure or to
order direct, call or write;

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An HSR Block Company

COMPUTING

for families

A Visit With Sweetums

The Ogre

Fred D'Ignazio, Associate Editor

I had the thrill of my life last week.

I'm the "children and computers" com-
mentator and product reviewer for The New Tech
Times TV show (each week this fall and next
spring on PBS), and I got to visit Jim Henson's
Muppet Mansion in New York City to review the
Muppcf Learniiii^ Km/s, a new computer keyboard
for children from Henson Associates, Sunburst
Communications, and Koala Technologies.

When 1 stood outside on the street, the
Muppet Mansion looked to me like any other
posh dwelling on Manhattan's upper Cast Side.
But when 1 walked through the front door, I left
the city behind and entered the world of Jim
Henson's imagination.

The mansion's foyer is dominated by a
three-story-high muppet balloon — rather, bal-
loons on top of balloons on top of balloons
stretching up to the distant ceiling. Tiny muppets
cling to the balloons and float around them on
all sides.

The muppet puppeteer's room is around the
corner, behind the stairs, and there I saw a
drawer full of Kermit heads and Gonzo perched
lazily atop a bookshelf.

i left the balloons, the puppeteers, and the
Kermit heads behind and climbed the stairs,
Sweetums the Ogre was waiting for me on the
second floor. Sweetums is a tall (very tall) ogre
whose film career dates back to a monster "ex-
tra" part he played in Kermit the Frog's movie
debut. The Frog Prince, in 1971.

Sweetums is not the sort of creature I'd like
to bump into on a dark night. He's big, hairy,
and all mouth. And he doesn't walk, he gallops.
When he saw me, he galloped across the floor
and gave me a friendly, bone-stretching ogre
hug. 1 felt like I'd been swallowed by a furry rug.

Sweetums volunteered to be my child tester

« COMPUTE! $ GazBtte Januafy

64

mone tiiing3.
you can organize

.ffiiTiiMiff\\Tiii your

CcffnmodcM^ 64

your Smodor/24 '"''^■'^EPORT are now a^,. , ,

this pa^er*^^" J^- W»th electronirfnf ^"^^ ^°'-

^•^"■^ Phone n^„K ^""^ ^PP^^ntments. i^

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and help me review the Muppet Learning Keys.
I've worked with lots of children, but I've never
worked with an ogre before, so there were a few
things we had to get straight. First, I had to tell
Sweetums not to eat the floppy disk that comes
with the keyboard (he got the disk stuck on his
snaggle tooth). Second, we had a very un-
dignified tug-o'-war when we first got the key-
board. Sweetums wanted to play with the
keyboard first, and when 1 told him I needed the
keyboard, he turned his back to me and pouted.
Third, Sweetums does not speak English. He
only speaks "ogre." So I had to learn what
things like "Grrrr . . . Mmmmm . . . Hrrumph . . .
Um-Be-Dum-Be-Dum-Be-Dum-Be-Dum" meant.
I paid attention (it's hard not to pay attention to
Sweetums), so I eventually caught on.

My favorite part of the review was when
Sweetums picked up the Commodore 64 key-
board and tried to press the keys, His big, furry
monster fingers squashed six or seven keys at a
time. So now I know. If you have an ogre in
your family, a Commodore 64 keyboard is not
adequate.

But you might look into the new Muppet
Learning Keys. Sweetums' fingers worked flne on
the big, widely spaced keys. And so did my adult
fingers, too. When I played with the keyboard 1
learned how nice it was to have big keys in
bright colors. My fingers were tired of cramped
computer keyboards. The keys are arranged in
alphabetical order, so they are not suited for
touch typists. But they are great for the one-

46 COMPUTSrs Gaielte January

fingered typists of the world, kids or adults.

There were two things about the keyboard I
liked in particular. First, it was like a non-
computer person's version of the Macintosh
"desktop" environment. The Macintosh, as you
probably know, has a display screen that shows
little icons, or pictures, that are supposed to re-
semble items found on a person's desk at his or
her office, including a wastebasket, file folders,
an alarm clock, and so on. This "desktop" meta-
phor is all right for someone in an office, but it's
not very exciting for little kids and for people
who don't get that turned on by desks. And, be-
sides, it's not really a desk, it's a picture screen.
And the pictures are black and white and so tiny
yoLi have to squint to see them.

The "Anywhere" Desk

The Muppet Lcar}ung Keys also pretend to be a
desktop. They plug into the Commodore 64 key-
board in joystick port 1, The keyboard is 14 by
15 inches, and about an inch high. You can prop
the keyboard in your lap, or better yet, you can
dive to the floor, and set up your "desk" there.

On top of your desk is a ruler, marked in
inches, with big numbers, from 0 to 9. The
numbers are really the number keys on the key-
board—rounded bumps on a flat, membrane
keyboard.

Beneath the ruler is a paintbox with lots of
watercolors, including yellow, orange, blue,
red, and violet. Each color has a label beneath
it. To select a color, you just stick your finger
in the appropriate paint dish,

A little green chalkboard sits beneath the
paintbox. Written in white chalk are the let-
ters of the alphabet, in capita! letters, and
in alphabetical order. Underneath the chalk-
board is one of those marbly assignment
books with a Space key (it looks like outer
space, with a comet and stars), and round arith-
metic keys: plus, minus, multiplication, and
division.

On the right side of your desk is a button
that looks like you could pick it up and pin it on
your shirt. It says "Zap" and you use it to escape
from an activity and go back to a menu.

Beneath the Zap key is an eraser, so you can
back up and erase mistakes. Next to the eraser is
a compass. It's like a real compass that tells you
North, South, East, and West, with arrow keys
pointing up, down, to the right and left. It's an
official Frog Scout Compass, You know that for
sure because there's a famous green frog's face in
the center of the compass.

In the lower righthand corner of the desk is
a comic book. It's opened to the middle (you can
see the staples). There are four cartoons showing,

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There is a picture of Super Gonzo being
launched by a cannon toward a brick wall shout-
ing, "Oops!" When you press this picture, you
can undo a mistake you've made.

There's a picture of Miss Piggy tied up on
the railroad track crying, "Help!" If you use
computers regularly, it's not hard to figure out
what this key is for.

A cartoon of Fozzie Bear with a police cap
and STOP sign and a picture of Kermit on a
motorcycle underneath a green traffic light that
says GO disguise keys that enable you to start
and stop activities and animate pictures on the
screen.

To make your desk work, you need soft-
ware. And now we've come to the Muppet Learn-
ing Keys' chief drawback. For $80, the keys come
with a "Muppet Discovery Disk" created by Sun-
burst Communications. But that's it for now.
According to Koala, many more disks are on the
way, as well as overlays that fit on top of the
keyboard so you can use it for different activities
with different aged children. But no more soft-
ware now is a real limitation, since the Muppet
Learning Keys are a real keyboard, and it would
be great if children and adults could use it as an
alternative to the standard keyboard. But to do
that, they need software.

The software that comes with the keys is
limited, but it's also good. And this brings me to
the second reason why I like the keyboard: It has
succeeded in turning the computer into an elec-
tronic playground. I've claimed in many of my
columns in the GAZETTE that my children (ages 8
and 5) spend most of their time on our Com-
modore 64 just banging on the keyboard and not
using any software whatsoever. They know the
computer far better than 1 do, just by
experimenting with the different keys and look-
ing at the display screen to see what pops up.
This is "discovery learning" at its best, and it's
also what you get with the Muppet Learning Keys.

To find out more about the Muppet Learning
Keys, contact:

Koala Tcduioloiiies
3700 Patrick Henry Drive
Santa Clara, CA 95052-8100
(408) 986-8866

When yoLi call Koala, tell them Sweetums and
Fred sent you. And tell them to get busy making
new software!

The Computer Book Shelf

When I'm not in faraway places playing with
ogres, I'm back in my house in Roanoke, Vir-
ginia, writing — and reading. Here are some of
the books I've looked at recently that I recom-
mend to families.

48 COMPUTE! 's Gazette January

Scholastic Books has a new series of four
computer activity books which are popular with
me and my eight-year-old daughter. Each book
costs only $4.95 and contains dozens of pro-
grams that kids will like to enter into their Com-
modore 64.

The books are all written by Paul Somerson
and Stephen Manes and are titled Computer
Space Adventures, Computer Craziness, Computer
Olympics, and, my favorite. Computer Monsters.

The books don't start with a boring table of
contents. Instead they begin with messages like
"Greetings, Earthling!" or "Welcome, Human!"
Then they tell kids the basics they'll need to
know to enter a program on the computer. And
they start showing kids programs, sample output,
and weave it all into scenarios starring silly crea-
tures, secret space missions, nutty numbers, and
magic codes — a delightful smorgasbord for your
8- to 12-year-old.

When you get tired of monsters and rocket
ships, you can come back to earth and try 1, 2, 3,
My Computer & Me! by Jim MuUer (Reston, 1984,
96 pages, paper, $12.95). Muller is the Honorary
Turtle and co-founder of the Young Peoples'
Logo Association (P.O. Box 855067, Richardson,
TX 75085— or call the Midnight Turtle bulletin
board on your computer by dialing 214-783-7548).

1, 2, 3, My Computer & Me! is a workbook
that children (ages 5 and up) can do with their
parents. The book is an introduction to Logo
thinking, programming, and playing. There are
lots of exercises and experiments to do, and lots
of blank space in the book for children to draw
their own pictures, take notes, color, and just
doodle. If you and your children are just begin-
ning to use computers, I recommend this book as
a very gentle introduction.

If your children are even younger and your
wallet is flatter, you might want to look at
COMPUTERS! (Golden Book, 1984, 32 pages, pa-
per). This book, at only $1.95, has to be the least
expensive computer book on the market, and one
of the best buys.

As with Muller's book, the emphasis in this
book is on parents and children working at home
together. The book is suitable for children ages
five and up, and has two pages of stickers, games,
experiments, and lots of other activities that par-
ents and children can do with or without a com-
puter. So get your pencils, glue, scissors, and
crayons, Mom and Dad, and begin computing!

After you've been down in the trenches with
your kids for heavy-duty glue-and-sticker
computing, you may want a change of pace —
food for thought instead of something gooey to
stick to your fingers. In this case, you might look
at Buy A School For Your Home by Judy Lower
with Ed Neil and Tim Finger (Reston, 1984, 265

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pages, paper, appendices, bibliography, $14.95)
or Bank Street's Family Computer Book by Barbara
Brenner with Marl Endreweit (Ballantine, 1984,
251 pages, appendices, bibliography, indexes,
paper, $8.95).

Both books are intended for families who are
just beginning. They answer your basic ques-
tions—for example, "Why should we buy a
home computer?" And they give you plenty of
information about how to buy a computer, how
to shop for software, and most important, how to
use the computer and software once you've got
them home.

Buy A School has separate chapters on using
computers with different aged children, and car-
ries with it a strong emphasis on families using
computers together and using computers as a
learning tool. It also contains a 110-page section
reviewing some of the better family programs.

Family Computer Book is rich with case his-
tories about real families who have begun
computing, based on the extensive experiences of
the researchers at Bank Street College's Center
for Children and Technology. It guides parents
through the ins and outs of computer jargon and
offers specific tips on how to select the right
computer equipment and software for the family.

Both books are especially helpful, however,
because they don't just keep to the specifics — the
logistics — of family computing. They also have
the insight and sensitivity to explore the bigger
issues parents face when they invest in a com-
puter for their family.

For those families who are past g!ue-and-
crayons computing, and have already mastered
the fundamentals, I recommend Eugene
Galanter's Kids & Computers: Advanced Program-
ming Hamiiwok (Putnam/Perigee Books, 1984,
224 pages, appendices, index, paper, $8.95). This
is the third in the series of Kids & Computers
books by Galanter and is intended for the older
child, age 12 and up, who is already program-
ming. I liked the book because it reminded me of
a junior version of my computer science courses
back at the University of North Carolina. This
book is a home-study course in computer science
for a student to take to supplement a course he
or she is taking in school, or to read alone to
pick up some new programming tricks and tech-
niques like structured programming, using files
and data structures, and creating basic sorting
and searching algorithms. The book is thorough,
but 1 offer one warning: It reads like a textbook.
It's for the child who is already motivated, and
not for the hesitant beginner.

Catalog Time!

Each month 1 get a bushel basket full of new
computer catalogs brimming with new software

so COMPUTE! s Gai:ette January

m

suitable for the family. I recommend that you
take a look at several of these catalogs because
they give you the chance to comparison shop for
different kinds of software right in your own
home.

Here are the best catalogs I've received:
"';!a

special Leartiiug Ed Software (SLED)

(specializing iti spelling programs)

P.O. Box 16322

Minneapolis, MN 55416

(612) 926-5820

Selected Microcomputer Software /Elementary

Opportunities for Learning, Inc.

8950 Lurline Avenue

Dept. 2P

Chatsworth, CA 91311

(818)341-2535

Quality Educational Miaocamputer Softioare

Chart es Clark Co., Inc.

168 Express Drive

South Brentwood, NY 1171?

(516) 231-1220

The Children's Software Catalog
Evanston Educators, Inc.
1718 Sherman Avenue
Evanston, II 60201
(312) 475-2556

Sunburst Educational Computer Courseware

(preschool to adult)

Sunburst Communications

Room BC39

Washington Avenue

PleasantvilU; NY 10570

(800) 431-1934

Microcomputer Educational Programs MCE, Inc.

157 South Kalamazoo Mall

Kalamazoo, Ml 49007

(800) 421-4157

(in Michigan, 616-345-8681, collect)

Scholastic Microcomputer Instructional Materials

(grades K-II)

Scholastic, Inc.

P.O. Box 7503

2931 E. McCarty Street

Jefferson City, MO 65102

(800) 32.5-6U9

(in Missouri, 800-392-2179)

1984 Instructional Materials Catalog

DLM Teaching Resources

P.O. Box 4000

One DLM Park

Allen, TX 75002

(800) 527-4747

(in Texas, 800-442-4711)

Time Saver U

(preschool to adult educational software)

The Micro Center

P.O. Box 6

Pleasantville, NY 10570

(800) 431-2434 or ($14) 769-6002 ffl

Educational Software
That Works:

SpeU It!

Spell.

Spell expertly 1000 of the most misspelled
words, Learn the spelling rules. Improve
with 4 exciting activities^ Including a
captivating arcade game! Add your own
spelling words.

ages 10 - adulc / 2 disks; S49.95

Math

Math Blaster!

Master addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, fractions, decimals and pjercentages
- by solving over 600 problems. Learn your
math facts with a motivating activities,
Including a fast-action arcade game! Add
your own problems,

ages 6 - 12 / 2ctlskS: $49.95

<C-^-:.<-

u

Word.

Word Attack!

Add 675 new words to your vocabulary -
with precise definitions and sentences
demonstrating usage. Build your skills with
a fun-filled activities, including an arcade
game! Add your own words.

w

ages 8 - adult / 2 disks: S49.95 ^

Bead.

Speed Beader II

increase your reading speed and improve
comprehension! Six exercises designed by
reading specialists vastly improve your
reading skills. Chart your own progress with
35 reading selections and comprehension
quizzes. Add your own reading materials.

high school, college 8. adult / 2 dIskS: $69.95

The Davidson.

Best Seller Tradition.

For your Apple, ism or Commodore 64.
Ask your dealer today.

Davidson.

For more information call:
in California call;

(800) 556-6141
(213) 373-9473

Davidson & Associates
6069 Croveoak Place ffl2
Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90274

N H a"

Apple. IBM and CommoaotQ &4 are trademarks respectlvflry ot Apple Computara, inc., tnternational Business Machines Carp., and Commodore Sustness Machlrtea, lr\c

VIC Magic Draw

Kevin Gough

Turn your computer into a high-resolution
sketchpad with this program. The pictures
you create can be saved to tape or disk.
Requires at least 8K of expansion memory.

Here's a program that lets you create high-
resolution pictures on a 176 X 160 dot grid.
"VIC Magic Draw" requires 8K or more expan-
sion memory. After the program is typed in and
saved to disk or tape, you must change the start
of BASIC and the screen, before loading the
program.

There are two ways to do this: manually or
with a boot program. Manually, type POKE
648,30;SYS 58648 and press RETURN. Now type
POKE 642,32:5YS58232 and press RETURN.
Your VIC will display the usual "CBM BASIC
V2" at the top of the screen, except the number
of bytes free is 3584 less than when you turned
your VIC on. That's because the start of BASIC
and variables have been moved (to 8192).

The other method for moving memory is a
boot program that automatically loads Magic
Draw. Program 1, "Magic Draw Boot," does this
for you. It consists of five lines of BASIC. If
you're using a disk drive, enter and save it as is.
If you're storing Magic Draw on tape, change the
device number at the end of line 30 from 8 to 1.
Make sure you store this boot on your tape
before the Magic Draw program. If you're storing
Magic Draw on disk, then change the device
number at the end of line 30 from 1 to 8.

62 COMPUTE! s Gazello January

Three simple machine language programs
are automatically POKEd into certain areas after
running Magic Draw. They have the functions of
saving and loading hi-res pictures that you cre-
ate, from disk or tape, and clearing the screen of
any extraneous matter. These routines are DATA
statements in the BASIC program, so take care
typing them in. A checksum is performed to
make sure the data was typed in correcdy, so if
there is any wrong data you will be notified.

Here's a list and explanation of Magic Draw
control keys.

SHIFT/CLR: This clears the high-resolution
screen of any plotted dots. After the first run of
Magic Draw, you'll want to clear the screen of
any random garbage. After clearing it, you'll see
the flashing pixel at the center of the screen.

SHIFT/CRSR {up): This moves the pixel cursor
up one dot.

CRSR (down): Moves the pixel cursor down one
dot.

SHIFT/CRSR (left): Moves the pixel cursor left

one dot.

CRSR (right): Moves the pixel cursor right one

dot.

HOME: Moves the pixel cursor to the center of
the screen.

X: Plots one dot in the current position of the
pixel cursor.

Z: Erases one dot (if present) under the pixel
cursor.

This hi-res castle was created 'with "VIC Magit Draw.'

D: Draws continuously wherever you move the
pixel cursor. Press D again to turn this function
off.

E: Erases continuously wherever you move the
pixel cursor. Press E again to turn this function
off.

@: The "at" key creates a box-shaped figure to
the right and below the pixel cursor. The size of
the box is controlled by the plus (+) and minus
(— ) keys.

+ : Increases the size of the box figure by one dot
each time the key is pressed. The limit is 90 dots,

— : Decreases the size of the box figure by one
dot each time the key is pressed. The limit here
is a box two dots square.

G: Graphs a pattern of dots on the screen 8X8
dots square. This is useful for drawing precise,
dimensioned pictures. Press SHIFT and G to
erase the graph,

Q: Quit the high-resolution draw mode. The
screen will clear and return the normal VIC
cursor. You can run the program again and still
retain your previously drawn picture.

S: Save a picture to disk or tape. Each picture
takes up to 3524 bytes. Pressing S clears the
high-resolution screen and asks for the name of
your picture. You next enter 1 for disk or 2 for
tape save. After it is saved, you return to the
high-resolution screen and your picture. Tape
users should make sure that buttons on the
Datassette are pressed down. You will be
prompted with TAPE OFF? before being
prompted to PRESS RECORD AND PLAY ON
TAPE. Just press RETURN at the tape off prompt
and then the record and play buttons on the
Datassette.

L: Load a picture. You'll be prompted to type in
a name and then a 1 for disk or 2 for tape. If

using disk and the picture is not found, an error
message is generated. After the picture is loaded,
draw mode is entered and your creation is dis-
played on the screen. The pixel cursor flashes in
the middle of the screen.

Adding More Functions

You'll find you have a good amount of memory
free after Magic Draw is up and running. Press Q
and type ? FRE(O), The amount of bytes free is
determined by the size of your memory expan-
sion. The extra memory allows you to add new
functions. A screen dump to the printer (1515 or
1525) has been added. I've used the program on
page 112 of COMPUTEl's First Book of VJC. Now,
suppose your screen and the bottom half was
blank. You wouldn't want to wait double the
time it takes to print out the entire screen. So we
must add a line between Hne numbers 6 and 7.
This BASIC line will also serve to end the print
routine when the printer is done with the screen:

GETA$:IFA$='T4"ORL>lS4THENPRINT#4,CHR$
{15);CLOSE4:RETURN

If you press f4 while the printer is dumping the
screen, the PRINT routine will end and you'll be
returned to the draw mode. Printing the entire
screen takes about 35 minutes.

See program listings on page 156. @

Program Your Own EPROMS

t

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C64

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C

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a

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• Read or Program. One byte or
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OR Use like a disk drive. LOAD,

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Our software lets you use familiar BASIC commands to
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Worl(s witti most ML Monitors too.

• Make Auto -SI art Cartridges o( your programs.

• The promenade"" CI gives you 4 programming voltages,
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Textool socket. Anti-static aluminum housing.
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Some EPROM types you can use with the promenade'

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En JASON-RAN HEIM
S 560 Parrott St., San Jose, C A 95112

Build fences around your opponent with-
out letting yourself get hemmed in. This
simple game includes a variety of options
to keep it ever-challenging. Originally
written for the 64, we've added a VIC
version.

sion works. The VIC version is similar, so the
program description also applies with a few
exceptions.

This game puts you in the construction business.
Specifically, you're building fences, and the
construction code is straightforward: Fences may
be built horizontally or vertically; your con-
struction may not touch the outer walls, your
previous work, or your opponent's work; nor can
it touch any obstacles that may be strewn in your
path.

You score points by outlasting your rival. If
his fence crashes first, you win the round and a
number of points based on the amount of time
consumed by the round. The first player to reach
100 points wins the game.

The choices available in setting up the game
are: one or two players; joystick or keyboard in-
put; adding obstacles to the playfield; and
increasing or decreasing the speed of the game.

Approximately 30 percent of the program —
the game action itself— is written in machine lan-
guage. The sound, timing, and scoring routines
are written in BASIC. Accompanying the article
is a line-by-line description of how the 64 ver-

54 COMPUTEI's Gazetta January

Commodore 64 Program
Description

Lines
XOO-120

130

140-150
160

190

200

210^230

245-250
270-480
490-510
520-550
560-660

670-1350

Description

Call the option routines and initialize
variables.

Checks for winner and jumps to win
routine.

Draw screen border.
Checks for barrier option, jumps to
subroutine.

Positions players and directions. (Locations
251-254 hold low and high bytes of each
player's position. Locations 837-838 hold
player's directions.

Initializes time and calls machine language
routine, which returns to BASIC when col-
lision occurs. Score is then determined
based on amount of elapsed time.
Check value in location 834 for number of
player in collision, then jump to appropriate
routine to update winner's score.
Flash colliding fence.
Allow player to choose options.
Randomly place bamere on screen.
Initialize sound and variables.
Print scores and totals, then jump to
beginning.

Load machine language portion of
Commodore 64 version.

; HIT-——'
Ml MUB^:

■■■* M-^ ■■-'""

.Mifll ■!

— —- ■!

II

.iMiaiMiJII.

In the two-pUv.ii-r game, Red has trapped the Blui
(VIC version).

The game is best when played by two people.
The one-player option was added so players
could practice if no opponent could be found.
You race the clock, trying to survive as long as
possible. If you use the practice option, the most
challenging level is nine, with obstacles. You
have ten rounds to rack up as many points as
you can.

Note To VIC Users

Programs 2 and 3 comprise the VIC version of
"Trap 'Em." First, type in Program 2, the game
loader, and save it to tape or disk. If you're using
tape, change the 8 to a 1 in line 130.

Next, type in Program 3, the main game,
and save it with the filename "VT". If you're
using tape, be sure to save Program 3 inunedi-
ateh/ after Program 2. This will automatically
load Program 3. In the VIC version, the ML rou-
tine is POKEd in lines 100-880 of the loader
program.

See program listings on page 157.

K^ iVtVt'tVtV.'tVi't'tVV'i

1

I

■ VV'VWT^v ^r ^ If 4*

" *

jT* % t • *********************

tj

* •*

V

■

II

M

1 1

t * r T

«V'^w4WV*'V#'vV'

*

1 1 1 1 Vi

It* ********* i

*J

• • * f

^***^»^**»^m

*■_

'I' V

•.i

■_

f 1

V V

V ■ 1 ■

\

'<

11 It

K

fi

■

* M

*

to»M»»t«

I%v.v.v»v»iVtVt'r»vX

■

m

^^^

■ ni

Practicing /ii the one-plajicr game, with barriers (64
version).

Chomper

George Hu

In dire need of energy crystals, your space-
ship has landed on an alien planet. But the
crystals are guarded by soldiers and a
vicious droid. Act fast because time is
running out. For the VIC and 64; joystick
required.

You are a space explorer from the planet Earth.
During your voyage, your ship encountered a
meteorite belt and most of your ship's energy
was drained in protecting the ship. You en-
counter a strange planet which contains crystals
that can restore your ship's power. Unfortu-
nately, the planet is guarded by dormant soldiers
and vicious droids. You send a probe, nicknamed
Chomper, to collect the crystals.

Using your joystick maneuver Chomper
across the planet's surface and gobble up as
many energy crystals as fast as you can. For
every crystal you collect, you receive 150 points.
If you hit a soldier, you lose 450 points. If you
allow a droid to catch Chomper, he is de-
stroyed— and that spells doom for you and your
mission.

Racing The Clock

You have 45 seconds in which to collect as many
crystals as you can. If you earn 3000 points, you
will be given bonus time. The first bonus is 45
seconds. Each bonus you earn decreases the next
bonus time by 5 seconds. If you earn 6 bonuses,
you get a new Chomper in a different section of
the planet, with 45 more seconds of play. If you
would like more crystals, press the fire button.
But beware: More crystals mean more soldiers.

The game begins with a diagram of joystick
positions. Push the joystick right for easy play;
push it left for harder play. Pushing the stick up
increases the number of droids: up to seven for
the 64 version or two for the VIC version. After
your selection, the playing field and the droid(s)
are randomly placed on the screen. The score,

56 COMPUJEt's Gaietie January

Press Hie fire button to instant hi c irate more aystQls—
and soldiers (VIC version).

dme remaining, and bonuses are displayed at the
top.

After the game is over, you may be asked to
enter your name for a high score. Type in your
name and press RETURN. Another diagram will
appear with the session's high score on top, Push
the joystick up for the same level, right for a dif-
ferent level, and down to end the game.

Variable

Contents

L

Score nwdcd for bonus

S

l'rest?iit !?core

G

Total lionus time recrived

V

Bonuses readied

R

Amounl of next bonus

W

Droid being controlled (1 or 2)

XI

Cliomper's X coordinate

Yl

Cbwmper's Y coordinate

C

Cliomper's screen location

X(N)

Droid's X coordinate

Y(N)

Droid's Y coordinate

D(N)

Droid's screen location

CI

1 or 2 droids

F

I^atio of Cliomper moves to droid moves

BS

High Scoie

N$

Name of high scorer

M

Multi-use counter

Who Invented the Submarine?

Who was the only president to serve more than 3 terms.'
The purchase of what state was known as Seward's Folly?

HISTORy
FLASH

These nrc [iisr a few of the fun and fascinating history ques-
tions you'll find witli HISTORY iT.ASli, one of the 54 titles in
the c;hallengc\X'are educational scries.

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facts about ihe United States, from its discovery by
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tliat effect our lives today. HkSTORY FLASH is designed to
test the knowledge of two players a,s they compete to win
500 points by correctly answering random historical ques-
tions...and provide valuable infortnation where answers are
not known. Explorers, Inventors, Black Americans, American
Women, Presidents, The Clon.stitution, and Wars are all
covered in this exciting program, which will keep you
challenged for hours of fun and learning.

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Your chomper has limited fitjie to mine eiicrgi/ crystals
and avoid the droids (64 version).

Customizing The Skill Level

If you find the game is too hard, or too easy, the
skill level can be adjusted in several ways. The
easiest way is to change the bonus time. By
changing the value of R in line 390, the bonus
time can be changed. By changing the 6 in the
last statement in line 210, you can change the

number of bonuses required to get a bonus
screen. By changing the value of F in lines
460-480, you can adjust the ratio of Chomper's
moves to the droid's moves.

64 Version Notes

Other than allowing up to seven droids, the 64
version plays the same as the VIC version. If you
have a black-and-white screen, press the fire but-
ton at the beginning of the game until a B ap-
pears. This adjusts colors so you can play on a
non-color TV or monitor.

The 64 version is entirely in machine lan-
guage, and MLX {elsewhere in this issue) is re-
quired to enter the program. After loading and
running MLX, answer the starting address
prompt with 49152, and the ending address with
50891.

To run the game, type SYS49152. Also, be
sure to load the game with LOAD' filcn am e",8 A-

If you'd rather not type in the program (VIC
version only), send a blank tape, $3, and a self-
addressed stamped envelope tot

George Hii
16212 122 Ave. SE
Rentoii, WA 98055

See program liMhips <m page 165. Q

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58 COMPUTE'S Gazotr© January

Copies of articles from this
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For more information about the
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Stephen Ressler

A prankster perched on the top of your
apartment building is tossing firecrackers
on to the street. Your job is to maneuver a
water-filled bucket to catch and extinguish
the firecrackers. An arcade-style action
same with versions for the VIC and 64. A
joystick is required.

Your once-quiet neighborhood

is suddenly being showered with

firecrackers. And the culprit won't

let up. You arive on the scene

in a mad dash to extinguish the

firecrackers in a bucket of water.

Take It To The Limit

When the titie screen appears, you'll be asked to

choose one of 15 skill levels, 1 being the slowest

and 15 the fastest'. You'll probably want to start

with an easier level at first to see how the game

plays. Then go up a couple of skill levels until

you have a competitive game.

Using a joystick (port 2 in the 64 version),
move your bucket left and right to catch the fall-
ing firecrackers. Note that your bucket can "wrap
around" the screen, that is, moving to a far edge
will bring you around to the opposite side of the
screen. This is extremely helpful at the more ad-
vanced levels.

If a firecracker reaches the ground, an

A cjuick move to the left might catch the firecracker
dropped bit the prankster (64 version).

60 COMPUTED Gazeae Januaiv

The player faces a decision in the 1//C version of
"Kablain!"

explosion is heard, and one of your four plays is
lost. The game ends only when you're out of
plays. You can then choose another level and
play again.

If things get too frantic or you need a break
in the middle of the game, pause the action by
pressing the space bar. Press the CTRL key to re-
sume the game.

If you'd rather not type in the game (64
version only), send a self- addressed stamped en-
velope, a blank tape or disk, and $3 to:

Stephen Rcssler
18 Brindalc Drive
Marlton, N] 08053

See program listings on page 168.

Special VIC Notes

The VIC version of "Kablam!" is simitar in
play to the 64 version, but there are a few
differences. You have a total of three plays
rather than four, and instead of 15 difficulty
levels, there are five. However, the speed of
each firecracker increases with each one you
catch and decreases with each one you
miss — a kind of self-adjusting handicap.

The VIC version also displays the high
score, current score, firecracker speed, and
firecrackers (plays) left. The SHIFT LOCK key
serves as a pause button,

Written entirely in machine language, the
VIC version must be entered using a special
Kablam! version of "Tiny MLX," found else-
where in this issue. Once entered and saved.

simply load and run in an unexpanded VIC.

If you have 8K or more expansion for
your VIC and a copy of the full-featured VIC
MLX (published last month and in earlier is-
sues), you don't have to type in Tiny MLX.
Insert the expansion memory, turn on your
VIC, and enter this line: POKE 642,32:SYS
58232. This POKE and SYS moves the start
of BASIC into the memory expander, where
it won't interfere with the machine language
program, You can then load the regular VIC
MLX, and type in Kablam!.

The starting and ending addresses are
built into the special version of Tiny MLX. If
you're using an 8K or greater expander with
regular MLX, use 6291 as the starting ad-
dress, 7682 as the ending address. %

FINALLY, YOUR COMPUTER
CAN DO WHAT YOU TELL IT

Now anyone

can use
a computer.

Revolutionary Chlrpee '" lets you command
your computDr by voice.

Why touch your computer when you can taik
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intended to be. Thanks to a revolutionary
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in any language to understand your voice or
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being developed by major software

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G SOS — Speech Operating System con-
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D CHIRPEE— the heart of all functional
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n SPEECH GRAPHICS— displays each
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Call toll-free t-BOO-431-3331 or 602-431-0400 for dealer location nearest you.

□ AERONAUT— exciting game allowa
participants to drive hot-air balloon over
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words

n CARD FILE— personal filing system for
_home or business programs. Allows
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□ WORD IvIIX — a word matching game
that shows beginning programmers how
Chirpee is used In a BASIC program

ENG IMFG., INC,
4304 W. Saturn Way
Chandler, A2 B5224
Phone 602/961 -Ot 65

Can you escape the dungeon by finding
the key which opens the door? First, you
must get by the math monsters who block
your way, asking questions about addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division.
An entertaining, educational adventure
game for the vYc (8K or more expansion)
or 64.

At the beginning of "Math Dungeon," you are
asked for a difficulty level. Levels one and two
deal only with addition and subtraction of pos-
itive numbers. Level three adds multiplication
and division (still only positive numbers). Four
brings in negative numbers, covering multiplica-
tion and division. And five asks all four types of
questions about positive or negative numbers.

You begin at a gate outside an old mansion.
First, find a way through the gate and get to the
front door, which is closed. If you can get the
door open, you can enter the mansion and you'll
be whisked to the underground dungeon, Your
adventure begins.

As you wander through the dungeon, you
may find different colored keys and doors. The
keys are color coded according to the door they
open. One of the doors leads out of the dungeon
(to end the game).

In your search for the exit, you may also
find a map. It can be very helpful. Once you get
it, type MAP to see where you are. The map uses

62 COMPUTB's Gazette January

R to represent rooms, H for hallways, M for
monsters, and * for your location.

The Command Vocabulary

This game recognizes a limited number of words.
The verbs are:

GET

Pick up an object

INV

Inventory

LOOK

Look around

OPEN

Open a door

CLOSE

Close a door

ON

Turn on a light

OFF

Turn off a light

MAP

Look at the map

N

Go North

S

Go South

E

Go East

W

Go West

The possible

nouns include:

GATE

LIGHT

DOOR

MILKBOX

NOTE

GOLD

KEY

MAP

And if you find yourself in a jam, typing
ALGEBRA may get you out Certain commands
need only a single word or letter, like LOOK or
N. Others combine a noun with a verb, like GET
GOLD. The verb usually goes first.

Information about the dungeon is kept in an
array FL(10,10), which is filled with rooms, hall-
ways, and monsters in lines 1620-1850. Lines
1620-1640 randomly place monsters, according
to the level chosen at the beginning. Lines
1650-1680 randomly place hallways and rooms

Inside every kid
there are great adventures to be told.

With Playwriter ' and your computer,
now you can write your own great adventure books.

Write the adventures you've always
dreamed of. And turn those dreams into illus-
trated books, with Playwriter Softvrare from
Woodbury.

Playwriter is the first software package that
lets you write, edit, illustrate, print and bind
your own books using your IBM, Commodore
64, or Apple home computer.

Live the adventure
as you write it

You can travel through space and time. And
go where no one has gone before— to the cen-
ter of your imagination. Because Playwriter
helps you create the heroes, villains and other
characters in your story and lets you decide
every twist and turn of the plot.

Playwriter guides you through the creative
process by asking you questions about the
story you want to write.

Playwriter responds to everything you tell it.
And you'll see your answers turn into action as
the story develops.

Built-in word processor

Playwriter's simple-to-use word processor
lets you go back to fix or change any part of the
story you like .

Next, just print out the story and put the
book together using the hardcover jacket,
colorful stickers, and full page illustrations
included in each package.

When you're finished, you'll have a real book
including a title page, dedication page and a
page all about the author, you!

Use it again

With Playwriter you
can create a whole
library of books writ-
ten by you. Best of
all, you'll have hours
of fun long after the
computer is

shut off.

Apple, Crim'n(j(.Ji>'i.'
and IBM are q'\
rogiitflrfid imdemarb.

Software For Success!

15 Prospect Street. Poramus, New Jersey 07652 (201) 36S-1040

e:ct! !

rWE HOKSTER DlSftPPEftRS.

/OU SEE SOME GOLD HERE!

fOti rtRE IH fl COLD fiHD DAMP ROOM.

-f(ST IS fl DOORHftV.

Jjt IS a DOORWftV.

SOUTH IS A DOORMllV.

. IMU

^ou are; CARRVINS :

LIGHT

CRECN KEV
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^OU HAVE FOUHD 33 GOL0 PIECES.
?0U HOH HfiUE 33 COLD PIECES.
: ItiV
IQli ARE CARRVIHG :

LIGHT

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Vanquish the Mnth Monster tni answering a question cor-
ircth/ (64 version).

throughout the dungeon. Lines 1690-1710 make
sure a path is available to each monster. Lines
1720-1770 randomly place colored keys and
doors around the array.

The game runs on both the VIC and 64.
Playing it on the VIC requires at least 8K of
expansion (16K or 24K will work). The SYS at
line 120 determines which computer is being
used {according to whether there are 22 or 40
columns on the screen) and sets the variable CC.

A map of Math Dungeon is befiind one of the doors (V!C
version).

This information is used to format anything
which is printed to the screen.

If you would like a copy of Math Dungeon
(tape only); send a self-addressed stamped
envelope, a blank tape, and $3 to:

Richard Lowe
1905 Kossuth St.
Lafayette, IN 47905

See program listing on page 162. @

Enter the Age of Robotics

The NOMAD robot! Fun and Educational!

Complete with
software

Moves forward,
reverse, left,
right

Stepper motor
controlled

II

Ultrasonic

vision and
ranging

FUN! Nomad has a mobile range of 25 feet. Accurate robot stepper motors control forward and reverse move-
ment and left and right turning. Nomad's ultrasonic vision gives him the ability to detect objects, measure
distance and sense motion. All of Nomad's circuitry and mechanics are contained within an aluminum chassis
and tough plastic shell. The molded tray can be used to carry small items!

EDUCATIONAL! Teaching Nomad to find his way through a maze or trace geometrical shapes is a great way
to teach programming logic to children and adults alike. And, Nomad's uitrasonlc sight taices him beyond a
standard "turtle". Nomad comes complete with his own robot language, and for the 64, BASIC enhancement
software which adds new robot commands. A great way to make the transition from LOGO to BASIC!

Nomad comes complete with software on cassette or disk and a comprehensive user's manual for a retail price
of just $179,95.

Cat) 215-861-0850 to order direct or contact your local dealer.

Genesis Computer Corp.

P.O. Box 152

Hellertown, PA 18055

ALL TENNIS GAMES ARE
NOT CREATED EQUAL

Over the years, game designers have brought
several versions of "tennis" to the home screen.
Unfortunately, they all resemble Atari's ten year old
classic, Pdng™. Good games ail, but not real tennis.

ON-COURT™ TENNIS
Actual Commodore 64™ screen -Other versions may vary

ON-COURT™ TENNIS IS UNIQUE

ON-COURT™ Tennis by Gamestar was not
created equal— it was created better. Over eight
months in development, ON-COURT™ Tennis
captures the play and feel of real tennis, not Pong"
With Player Perspective Graphics™ so realistic,
you feel like you're on the court. With lull racquet
control over groundstrokes (angle & spin), serves,
lobs and smashes. And with the kind of strategic
choices you just can't get in a Pong™-like tennis
game.

PLAY AGAINST WORLD-CLASS
COMPUTER PLAYERS

When you play solitaire against the computer,
you'll be in for the match of your life, rookie or pro.
That's because the computer players (tiiere are
four to choose from) play like their real life counter-
parts. And their play intelligence "floats" according
to your skill. So while they like to keep you in a
match, it'll take more than luck to beat them and
join Gamestar's exclusive "Top Seeds" club.

ON-COURT™ TENNIS
Actual Ckimmodore 64"" Screen-Other versions may vary

So whether you play tennis for a living or just
wish you did, ON-COURT™ Tennis is ready now on
the Commodore 64™ at your nearest software
dealer. Or write GAMESTAR, 1 302 State Street,
Santa Barbara, CA 931 01 or call 805-963-3487
for more information. Watch our for GAMESTAR- We
play to win!

WE BRING SPORTS ALIVE

St984 GAMESTAR, INC
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Bong andAlarieretrademarksolAlart.Int
Commodor© 64isatrademart(o( Commodore Eledrontes, Lid.

"Where's that article on making backups?'
If you're tired of spending time looking
through back issues of magazines for an
elusive article, let your computer do the
searching with "Magazine Indexer." For
the VIC or 64, tape or disk.

If you're like a lot of people, you subscribe to
several magazines, Every month there are articles
you intend to read, or games and utilities you
plan to type in. But there's just not enough time,
When you eventually get around to them, a new-
issue has arrived. You fall behind and those in-
teresting articles become lost in the shuffle.

Instant Reference

This program, "Magazine Indexer," runs on the
VIC or 64 and provides an instant reference to
articles you v^^ish to keep a record of. On the 64,
you can store up to 500 records (adjust the DIM
in line 100 for more); that is, you can store and
review/ references for up to 500 articles. On the
un expanded VIC, the program can store only 15
articles, although the addition of memory expan-
sion (any size allowed) makes the program far
more useful. With an 8K expander, approxi-
mately 250 articles can be stored, and with 16K,
approximately 500 articles can be stored.

Searching for an article can be done in a
variety of ways: magazine title, issue date, article
title, or category (article type). The program also
provides for deleting references so you can keep
the file up to date.

Menu Operation

All of your selections are done via the menu,
which first appears when you run the program.
Each choice is numbered 1-9. Simply press the
number of your selection — you don't need to
press RETURN.

1. LOAD ALL ARTICLES

2. LIST ALL ARTICLES

3. ENTER NEW ARTICLES

4. DELETE PREVIOUS ENTRIES

5. LIST ARTICLES BY MAGAZINE

6. LIST ARTICLES BY DATE

7. LIST ARTICLES BY TITLE

8, LIST ARTICLES BY CATEGORY

9. SAVE DATA AND END

When you first use the program, select op-
tion 3, To enter data, type in the information
when prompted. The field length is highlighted,
so you know how many characters are allowed
(10 for magazine title; 15 for article title; up to 5
for issue date — for example, 12/84 or 1/85; and
1 character for category). When entering the
issue date, be sure to enter the "/" character to
separate month and year — don't use commas.
For the category, use letters which are easy to
associate with the articles, such as U for utilities,
G for graphics, E for entertainment and games,
and so on.

After you've entered all the information, use
option 9 to save your data to Cassette (C) or Disk
(D). The program automatically handles the cre-
ation and maintenance of the data file (a sequen-
tial file with the name "ARTICLES"), If you wish
to change this filename, make the appropriate
changes in lines 720 and 730. Tape users should
insert a blank tape, rewound to the beginning, to
store the data. Screen instructions are clear and
should eliminate any confusion.

The next time you use the program, select
option 1 to load your previous work. Then you
can use option 2 to list all articles. There are ten
per screen on the 64, and five per screen on the
VIC. If you have a larger number of articles, the
first batch (five or ten, depending on your com-
puter) is displayed and you are prompted to
press RETURN to see the next batch. This tech-
nique is used to prevent scrolling of data up the
screen.

To delete previous entries (option 4), enter
the record number (corresponding to the list dis-
played with option 1). All entries are automati-
cally numbered sequentially when entered with
option 3. Also, the program closes up the numeri-
cal sequence of articles after a deletion. For exam-
ple, if you delete article 7, article 8 assumes the
seventh position, and the articles which follow (9
and up) move down correspondingly.

Menu items 5-8 let you search for infor-
mation by entering the magazine title, date,
article title, or category. It works like a small
data base.

Sse program listing on page J59. Q

zeaott

KfiRAfe3iit&AAS&if^g

Strategy Arcade Game
By Bruce Carver

The Soviets launch a nuclear strike against ma)or cities |
In the United States and Canada. Our only hope Is our
space station equipped with stealth boiribers, which
can fly undetected In Soviet airspace. As squadron
leader, you must first knock out the Soviet Launch
sites and then proceed Into the city of Moscow. Armed
with only the weapons you can carry, you command an
assault on the Soviet Defense center and destroy It to
stop the attack. Top Multiscreen action!

TapM«MMn*ii Action IncljJjd In Raid OvcrHouaw

.; ^;

•Joystick Controlled • Suggested Retail Price S39.95
Disk: Comodore 64 (Available soon on Atari)

i 'lay lu Lii<e i-jiei^^iNiQ iQinon w\

, «: .' . >•

• • , ■■■»&

Arcade Game
By Bruce Carver

General Quarters I Battle StatlonsI

As chief commander of land and sea forces In the
Pacific, your mission Is to obtain a quick naval victory
and invade enemy territory with your land forces.
Beach-Head Is a 100% machine language game and
offers multiscreen action with high resolution, three
dimensional graphics.

BEACH-HEAD-

TheWarGameToEndAllWarGamesr

5' «.,;

Top MahiscTCBa Action lactitd«d In B**ch-M«*d

•Joystick Controlled 'Suggested Retail Price $34.95
•Disk: Commodore 64, Atari 46K

1.1,

Available for: Commodore 64 * Atari a

Naiibal Zoa*

NavtvT C4Bipo««r

«2S Eul 900 Soulh SLC.. Uuh S410S (SUl) U2t IM

Tfafl ScraUi of Abftdon

Spetl Nov

SIMPLE ANSWERS TO COMMON QUESTIONS

Tom R. Halfhill. Staff Editor

Each mouth, COMPUTEI's gazette tackles some
questions commonly asked by new Commodore users
and by people shopping for their first home com-
puter. If you have a qiiesfion you'd like to see
answered here, semi it to this coluuiu, c/o
COMPUTEI's GAZETTE, P.O. Box 5406, Crecnsboro,
NC 27403.

^Oba Is it possible to build a RAM disk for
the Commodore 64 and, if so, where can I find
information on how to do it? Also, wouldn't a
RAM disk be a better investment than a disk
drive? RAM chips are so inexpensive now-
adays (downright cheap, in fact) that you can
purchase a 16K dynamic RAM on sale at Radio
Shack for a measly $1.99 each. At that rate, you
could purchase 2000K of super-fast, repair-free
memory for the same $250 that you would
have to pay for a Commodore 1541 disk drive.
All a person would need to do is borrow a
disk drive occasionally to store disk-based pro-
grams. A RAM disk with 2000K of memory —
which almost equals 12 floppy disks on the
1541 — should be plenty for the average user's
needs. But if not, I assume that such a RAM
disk would have unlimited expansion capabili-
ties. Am I right about all this? Am I on-line or
have I made a syntax error?

JsXm There's nothing wrong with your reason-
ing, but we're afraid you've made an out of data
error.

The chief drawback to using a RAM disk to
store programs is that RAM (Random Access
Memory) is volatile. That is, all the information it
holds is erased as soon as the power is shut off.
RAM chips must be constantly refreshed with

6fl COMPUTEI's GBiette January

electricity to maintain their active state. Even a
split-second power interruption — as often hap-
pens during thunderstorms — can wipe out all the
data the chips store. RAM is intended for tem-
porary storage only. It's the computer's
workspace for running programs. Disks and tapes
are meant for more permanent data storage.

Remember that a RAM disk isn't really a disk
at all, but simply a block of memory which is set
up to imitate a disk drive. The block of RAM can
be extra memory that you add externally, or part
of the computer's existing internal memory. A
special program reserves the block of RAM,
protecting it from other uses, and treats it like a
floppy disk drive.

For example, the RAM disk could be set up
as device #9 (a single floppy drive is normally
device #8). When you type SAVE "filename" ,9
the file is saved from workspace RAM to the
RAM disk. Since the RAM disk isn't really a
mechanical disk drive, of course, the save is prac-
tically instantaneous. Loading a file is just as fast.
All you're really doing is transferring the file
from one part of memory to another.

Therefore, if the power is turned off (delib-
erately or accidentally), the file is wiped out. The
usual practice when using a RAM disk is to copy
the file from the RAM disk to a real floppy disk
before ending the session and switching off the
computer. Why use a RAM disk at all? Because
some disk-intensive programs — such as data base
managers which frequently access the disk
drive — can run much faster with a RAM disk.
But the final copy must always be saved onto an
actual disk or all the work will be lost.

It would be possible to use a RAM disk for
more permanent storage if it were left switched
on 24 hours a day, preferably with battery back-

**Now Your Commodore 64
Can Print Like a Pror*

Grappler <!&

Printer Interface

The Revolutionary Printer Interface for the Commodore 64™

A New Era in

Commodore Printing Power.

Grappler CD offers the first complete answer to
your printer interfacing requirements, with many
powerful capabilities unique in the Commodore
marketplace. Complete signal translation allows
many popular name brand printers to operate
perfectly with thie Commodore 64, or to imitate
Commodore's own printer. Even Commodore's
graphic character set can be reproduced on
Epson, Okidata, Star, ProWriter and other popular
printers.

Exclusive Grappler CD features provide a variety
of graphic screen dumps, text screen dumps and
formatting. No other Commodore interface can
offer this.

If you own a Commodore 64. , .

If you're serious about quality, trouble free
printing. . . You need the Grappler CD.

Contact your nearest Commodore dealer or call
Orange Micro for a dealer near you.

Commodor* M »niJCrtrviFflod«fe xi>2i> uru (fRg&markso^ COTinlodoi'B ElKtroniCa LiTiirec)
EoMH \%a fo^iiierfid rrjidemarN orfc'pson Amsrrca, Inc

A Uniquely Intelligent Interface:

• Prints Screen Graphics Without Software

• Graphics Screen Dump Routines Include
Rotated, Inversed, Enhanced and Double Sized
Graphics.

• Full Code Translation From Commodore's PET
ASCII to Standard ASCII, the Language of Most
Printers.

• Complete Emulation of the Commodore 1525
Printer for printing of Commodore's Special
Characters.

• Dip Switch Printer Selection for Epson, Star,
Okidata, ProWriter and other popular printers.

• Conversion Mode for Easy Reading of Special
Commodore Codes.

• Text Screen Dump and Formatting Commands

• 22 Unique Text and Graphics Commands

HOranqe ffllcfo

IB ^ Inc.

1400 N LAKEVIEW AVE , ANAHEIM, CA 92807 U.S.A.
(714)779-2773 TELEX: 1835nCSMA

C' Orange Micto. Inc., 1^33

up in case the unexpected happens. But building
such a device yourself would be a formidable
task.

For one thing, the 16K RAM chips you've
seen on sale at electronics stores such as Radio
Shack don't store 16 kilobytes. A 16K RAM chip
actually stores 16 kiiobits. Since there are eight
bits in a byte, it takes eight 16K RAM chips to
store 16 kilobytes, commonly referred to as
"16K." This alone would inflate your cost es-
timate by a factor of eight. Instead of $250 for
2000K, you'd be paying $2000.

There are other considerations as well. You
can't just wire up a few rows of RAM chips on a
circuit board and plug them into a computer.
You'd need additional chips to control the RAM
chips, plus miscellaneous support circuitry
(including a system for power-refreshing, re-
quired by dynamic RAM chips many times per
second). Everything would have to be designed
to interface flawlessly with the computer's hard-
ware. Finally, you'd have to write a sophisticated
machine language program to link with the
computer's operating system so the RAM disk
would be recognized as a storage device. Obvi-
ously, it's a job best left to engineers and ad-
vanced programmers.

There have been some products advertised
for the 64 and VIC which add additional mem-
ory through bank switching. These memory
expanders add 64K to a 64, but only one bank of
8K is available at any time. They're not exactly
RAM disks, but they give you additional space
for storing data. And you still need to save pro-
grams on tape or disk.

If what you're looking for is a faster,
cheaper, and more reliable alternative to floppy
disk drives, you probably won't have to wait for
long. In the next few years, we can expect to see
better systems for mass storage. Hard disks, for-
merly affordable only by businesses and well-
heeled hobbyists, are becoming cheaper every
day. We've seen some ten-megabyte (10,000K)
hard disks for the IBM PC advertised for as low
as $795.

Ten megabytes is the equivalent of 64 floppy
disks on a Commodore 1541 drive, and hard
disks are so fast that you might mistake them for
RAM disks. Although $795 might seem like a lot
of money compared to the price of a 1541, it's
not really much more than what ordinary floppy
disk drives cost a few years ago. Soon we may
see them for $500 or less, and marketed for
home computers as well as high-end personal
and business computers. And laser disks, now
used mainly for audio and video recordings, are
a promising possibility.

You can also expect floppy disk drives to
continue improving in terms of reliability, storage

70 COMPUTEI's GazeHe January

capacity, and cost effectiveness.

The use of battery-powered (or bubble mem-
ory) RAM disks for mass storage purposes will
probably be limited to portable computers.
Predictions in this industry are risky, of course,
but it seems likely that magnetic and optical me-
dia will remain cheaper in terms of kilobytes per
dollar than electronic circuitry.

OLb I have a question about the SpeedScript
word processor published in COMPUTEI's
GAZETTE. When you are programming in
BASIC on a Commodore 64, the screen says
there are 38911 bytes of memory available.
When you're using SpeedScript, however, you
have 45824 bytes available for text. How can
you have more room for text than usable
memory?

t%m You can't have more room for text than
usable memory, of course. The answer is that the
Commodore 64 has more than 38911 bytes of
usable memory. The catch is that not all of it is
available in BASIC.

Remember that the Commodore 64, as the
name implies, has 64K of RAM. It also has 20K
of ROM (Read Only Memory). The ROM is
permanent memory which holds the operating
system (8K), the BASIC interpreter (8K), and the
character generator (4K). All together, that's a
total of 84K of RAM and ROM.

The problem is that the microprocessor chip
which is the central brain of the Commodore 64
cannot address, or "see," more than 64K of
memory at a time. To get around this Hmitation,
the Commodore 64 designers layered the ROM
atop some of the RAM. This masks out 20K of
RAM. After additional RAM is subtracted for
things like screen memory and other overhead,
only 38911 bytes remain available for BASIC
programming.

If you're writing a BASIC program, the
operating system has to use BASIC ROM to
understand and interpret the program. It's pos-
sible to switch out the ROM to get to the RAM
underneath, effectively disconnecting the
computer's BASIC brain, but without a brain it
wouldn't recognize anything you typed. That's
why the bank switching technique is used
primarily by machine language programmers.

Because SpeedScript is written entirely in ma-
chine language, not in BASIC, it can take advan-
tage of some of this "invisible" RAM hidden
beneath the ROM. It switches off BASIC com-
pletely, freeing 8K of extra RAM for text (plus
the 4K starting at location 49152), leaving a total
of about 45K. Many other programs use this
technique, too. ®

''THOROUGHLY IMPRESSEDr

"THE CONSULTANT is capable of very large and compUcaied searches. l(
is a very good system a I a reasonable price. Documentation: excellent
Overall rating: 9/10"

-TPUG MAGAZINE

"...you should definitely try out THE CONSULTANT.. . powerful and very
well designed. "

•■ EVF,RVTHINt; YOU CAN DO Wrill YOl'K CflMMODOHli. 14W KDITKW

"Eor a truly professional data management program, you will have to look a
long time before you find a belicr one than THE CONSULTANT"

HOMf J, APPLICATION

amounts

-COMSin>;—j^ database

Key

report totals an

'"''*^^''^ «\th Paperclip

Like a smart, computerized filing cabinet. THE CONSULTANT conirols your information for you. You
clioose ihc file size and format — THE CONSULTANT'S flexible file structure adapts to almost any application

you can think of. And you can change the structure of your files without having to re-enter any data ~ a

great time saver. Easy to learn and simple to use. Big system speed and sophisticated sorting functions, all for an

exceptionally low price. No wonder THE CONSULTANT comes hifihly recommended!

AVAILABLE NOW FOR THE COMMODORE 64. COMINC; .WO!S/ FOR THE IBM PC.

186 Oueen
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CLUD

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WHITE FOR A FULI, COLOR BROCHURE

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Magic

Using Variccbles In 1 985

To begin with, variables work the same in 1985
as they did in 1984. But since it's January, let's
start off with a New Year's resolution. My
resolution is that I'm going to show you how to
use variables in BASIC programs — and your
resolution is to learn how variables work. Is that
a deal? Let's get started. We've got the whole
year ahead of us.

symbols, color commands, POKE numbers,
editing commands, and more.

Here's a short program showing another
way to use variables (enter these lines as shown
and be sure to press RETURN at the end of each
line):

10 B$ = "BASIC MAGIC IS FUN I "
20 PRINTS?

Uses Of Variables Shorl Examples To Try

Calculation 10 A=100;B 20:PRINTA"TrMES"B"="A*B

Formulas 10 RATE .12:LOAN-=80000:PRINTRATi;*LOAN

Random Numbers 10 X = INT(10'RND(l)+l):PRlNTX:GOTOl(J

FOR-NEXT/Repeat Action 10 FORB aT09:PRINT"REPEAT ACTION 9 TIMES";NBXTB
FOR-NEXT/Timc Delay 10 PRINT"WAlT":FORT=lTOlS00:

NEXT:FRINT"CONTINUE"

10 PRINT"YOUR NAME";:INPUTN$:PRINT"HI,"N$

10 A$-"FREQUENTLy USED LONG MESSACE":PRINTA$

10C$-"{CLR!":PRINTCS

10 BK$-"|BLACK}":PRINTBKS'THIS PRINTS BLACK NOW"

10 XS-"YESNO":PRINTLEFTS(X$,3):
PRINTRIGHr$(XS,2)

10 GETKS:IFKS-""THEN10

20 PRINT"PROGRAM CONTINUES WHEN YOU PRESS A KEY'

INPUT Statements

Abbreviate Long Info.

Editing Commands

Colors

String Functions

Check The Keyboard

The XYZ's Of Variables

Variables put more "magic" in BASIC programs
than any other technique. Some discussions of
variables talk about memory locations or algebra,
but I like to use a simpler approach. Type the
following line and then press RETURN:

A = 5:PRINTA

There are two commands in this line. The first
command (A = 5) tells the computer that from
now on, the letter A is the same as the number
5. The second command (PRINTA) tells the com-
puter to print the variable A on the screen, and
since A equals 5, the computer responds by
printing the number 5.

Notice that when we PRINT a variable, it's al-
ways OUTSIDE quotation rnarks. It might help to
think of a variable as a "stand-in" or "sub-
stitute," We can use variables to stand for num-
bers, formulas, letters, words, sentences, graphic

72 CQMPUTEI's Gazette January

Type RUN and
press RETURN.
The computer
prints the sen-
tence: BASIC
MAGIC IS FUN!
Why? Well line
10 tells the com-
puter that the
variable B$ stands
for everything
inside the
quotation marks —
in this case, a
whole sentence.
So when we tell the computer to PRINT B$ in
line 20, the computer prints the sentence.

As we've seen in our opening examples,
there are two types of variables: numeric variables
and string variables.

Numeric variables are used to stand for num-
ber values used in calculations and formulas. A
numeric variable name can be any letter of the
alphabet, two letters, or a letter and a number,
Here are some examples of numeric variables:

A, AB, Al, B2, XY

String variables can be used to stand for anything
which is normally put inside quotation marks in
a BASIC program — letters, words, sentences,
graphics symbols, color commands, screen editing
commands, and more. The only difference in
appearance between string variables and numeric
variables is that string variables have a dollar sign
{$) at the end. Here are some examples:

A$, AB$, Al$, B2$, XY$

SUMMER GAMEl
NOW IT'S YOUR CHANa TO GO lOR THE GOlll.

*ii''?'

&%

1

r

i

/?

■•;£

■';tj|

:-S,'«ir,i;-:i.>;>MjJ

The 8'1 Olympics are over, but for you,
the coiiipetitioii has just begun. How
well can you score in track, swiiniiiiuK,
diving, shooting, gymnastics and more?
So realistic, there's even an opening
ceremony and awards i)reseiitalion after
each event.

Unlike other "Olympics- lake" frames,
Summer (iames has incredible realism,
superb state-of-the-art graphics and
sound effects (including national anthems
from 18 countries I, and it is a true
action -strategy game. In each event you

must plan and execute your game
strategy in order to maximize your score.
It is not just a matter of how fast you
can move (he joystick.

So change into your running shoes,
grab your joystick and GO POK
I'm- GOLD!

(hit- Of more players; joystick contmlkd.

#

fOH«/M^iitf/>WW

strategy Games for the Action-Game P/ayer

REMl Some BASIC statements, like ST, cannot
be used as variables. Some of the letter combina-
tions which are "reserved" by the computer for use
as BASIC statements are: IF, 'OR, ST, GO, TO, Tl,
and TI$. If you tri/ to use these as variables, the
computer will give you a SYNTAX ERROR message.
Do not use variables which contain keywords. ..for
example, you can use MO as a variable but MOR
won't work because it contains the keyword OR.

It's possible to use complete words like RATE
and RATES as variables, although I recommend that
you use one- or two-character variables rather than
complete words like RATES. The probletn is, the
computer will accept a long variable name like
RATE, but it only "sees" the FIRST TWO LETTERS.
So if you name a variable RATE or RATES the com-
puter only reads RA or RA$, which means you can
get info trouble if you try to define two variables
like RATE and RANGER. The computer will think
they're both the same (RA).

Using Numeric Vcoiables

You can use numeric variables just like numbers.
This is important because this feature lets you
change the variable by adding to it or subtracting,
multiplying or dividing it. To show you how this
works, type NEW and press RETURN, then enter
this short program and run it:

10 x=l

20 PRINTX

30 X=X+4

40 PRINTX

The computer prints two numbers: first the num-
ber 1, and then the number 5. And it uses the
same variable (X) to do it. The trick is that we
changed the value of X. Here's how it works:

Line 10 defines X as the number 1,

Line 20 prints the value of X, which is I.

Line 30 adds 4 to the old value of X, so that
the new value of X becomes 5. In other words,
X = X + 4 is the same as saying X = l+4 and 1+4
equals 5 so X = 5 and 5 becomes the new value
of X. It's important to remember that the new
value is always to the left of the equals sign.
Anything to the right is the old value. So, for ex-
ample, X = X + X means the new value is the old
value plus the old value. In other words, it's
doubled.

Line 40 prints the last value of X, which was
5, and from now on unless you change the value
of X again, X stands for the number 5.

Got that? Let's consider a few more exam-
ples. The key is line 30. If we said in Hne 30 that
X = X + 20, then the new value of X would be 21.
We could also change the old v^alue of X by mul-
tiplying it by some number. For example, if we

7A COMPUrers Gazette January

put X = X*12 in line 30, the new value of X
would be 1*12 which is 12. And if we wanted,
we could change the value by subtracdng, divid-
ing, or even multiplying X by a percentage or
bank interest rate— that's how "business" pro-
grams work. They use variables to help calculate
various formulas, like interest rates.

Type NEW and press RETURN, then enter
and run this program:

10 PRINT "ENTER DOLLAR AMOUNT" : INPUTC

20 PRINT "ENTER AN ANNUAL INTEREST RATE (U

SE .12 l^OR 12 PERCENT) ":1NPUTR
30 PRINT" $"C"TIMES"R"EQUALS"C*R

Type NEW and press RETURN, then enter
this program:

10 x=l

20 PRINTX

30 X=X+1

40 FQRT=1TD200!NEXT!GOTO20

To Stop the program, hold down the
RUN /STOP key and press RESTORE at the
same time, then type LIST and press RETURN to
see the program. Do you see how this program
uses the variable X to "count"? Here's how it
works:

Line 10 defines X as the number 1. Now
when the computer sees X it interprets it as the
number 1. But we can also change the value of
X~ and we're going to do that in a moment.

Line 20 prints the value of X, which is 1, so
the computer displays the number 1 on the
screen.

Line 30 adds 1 to the value of X, which
makes it 2, In other words X=X + 1 is the same
as X=l-I-1 or X = 2. So the new value of X is 2.

Line 40 starts off with a FOR-NEXT time
delay loop which tells the computer to pause and
"count" to 200 before going on (computers count
fast). GOTO20 tells the computer to jump back
up to line 20 and print X. The computer prints
the most current value of X, which is now 2.

The program keeps going to line 30, where it
adds 1 to the value of X. Except this dme X
equals 2, so X = X+1 is the same as X = 2 + l or
X = 3, and the new value of X is 3. The program
loops through line 40 to line 20 again and prints
the new value of X which is now 3.

WeTl show you some more sophisticated
uses for numeric variables further on, but first
let's take a look at how string variables work,

Here's a short program which uses numeric
variables to "count" through the screen colors —
notice the numeric variables SC and T:

Commodore 64 Version:

10 FORSC=0TO15 :P0KE53281 , SC: FORT=1TO1000 :
NEXTT:NEXTSC

As a member of the exclu-
sive Anti-Computer Terrorist
Squad (ACT), your mission is
to find and reach the infamous
Elvin, who is holding the
world's population hostage
under threat of nuclear annihi-
lation. You must negotiate a

path through the rooms and tunnels of his headquarters

trying to avoid Elvin's robot protectors.
Should you try to outrun or jump over the next

robot or play It safe and take the time to assemble the

codes needed to deactivate the robots and then to

SLi.

find and stop Elvin.

Use your camera to photograph as many clues
as possible to find the password which will allow
you to penetrate Elvin's control room.

Your Mission— To Save The World, But Hurry!

One player; joystick controlled.

Epyx

strategy Games fyr the Action-Game Player

VIC-20 Version:

10 F0RSC=1T0255 :POKE36879, SC:FORT=1TO1000
:NEXTT:NEXTSC

Pius/ 4 and Commodore 16 Version:

10 roRSC=:TO255!COLOR0,SC,7:FORT=lTO1000!
NEXTT:NEXTSC

This line defines SC as a range of numbers
from 0 to 15 (or 1 to 255). Then we use a POKE
(or COLOR) command to change the color of the
screen- — the colors will be displayed in order
from 0 to 15 (or 1 to 255). Then comes a time
delay to slow things down, and finally the NEXT
command which wraps up the FOR-NEXT loop.

Using String Variables

Did you ever look at a long program in a com-
puter magazine and get confused by all those
letters and dollar signs? In BASIC, anything fol-
lowed by a dollar sign is a string variable and it's
really not so confusing if you know how to read
it. The only exception is if the dollar sign is in-
side quotation marks, in which case you're either
printing the character ($) or using it as part of a
string. The three-line interest rate program above
is an example of this.

The key to interpreting string variables in a
new program you haven't seen before is to look
for any "definitions" in the program, such as
D$="{10 DOWN}" or C$ = "{CLR}". In this ex-
ample, D$ is used to stand for 10 cursor com-
mands ({10 down; means press the CRSR
DOWN key 10 times) and C$ is used to clear the
screen ({CLR} means hold down the SHIFT key
and press the CLR/HOME key). Type NEW to
erase your previous program, then enter and run
this example:

10 C$="{CLR!"tD§="[10 DOWNl"
20 PRINTC$D$"NOW WE CAN USE..

00: NEXT
30 PRINTC$DS"OUR VARIABLES EASILY...

T=1TO500:NEXT
40 PRINTC$D$"TO POSITION OUR MESSAGE

RT=1TO500:NEXT

F0RT=1T05

:FOR

;F0

Using variables to stand for editing com-
mands is a common use of string variables. This
is not only convenient but it also saves some
memory if you're trying to "crunch" your pro-
gram to keep it small and manageable. You can
use string variables to stand for colors, cursor
movements, insert and delete functions, clearing
the screen, HOMEing the cursor, and more.

You can also use string variables to stand for
a graphics symbol, or even a "string" of symbols.
Type NEW and press RETURN, then enter this
example:

10 C?=" {CLR} " :L$="CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC"
20 PRINTC$L$

In line 10, C$ is defined as the clear screen
command and L$ is defined as a string of graphic
"line" symbols. Now, whenever you PRINTCS,
you'll clear the screen, and whenever you
PR1NTL$, you'll draw a line across the screen. In
our example, we put both variables together.

One of the most common and important
uses of string variables is the INPUT statement.
If you type INPUT followed by a7iy variable, the
computer displays a question mark on the screen
and waits until you type something; when you
press the RETURN key, whatever you typed gets
assigned to the INPUT variable. We've already
used some short examples in this column so
here's a longer version:

10 PRINTCHR? (147) "ENTER A LOAN AMOUNT AND
PRESS RETURN (USE 90000 FOR";

20 PRINT" $80, 000... DO NOT TYPE $ OR COMM
AS)":INPUTL

30 PRINT: PRINT"ENTER AN INTEREST RATE AND
PRESS RETURN (USE .12 FOR" r

40 PRINT" 12 PERCENT) "sINPUTR

50 PRINTCHR$(147)"THE ANNUAL INTEREST ON"
L" AT "(R* 100)" PERCENT IS 5"(R*L)

60 PRINT "{HOME} "TAB (242) "PRESS ANY KEY TO
CONTINUE. "

70 GETKS!lFK$=""THEN70

80 GOTO 10

Line 10 uses the PRINT statement to clear
the screen, then displays a prompt message (inside
quotation marks) with instructions to the user.
It's not absolutely necessary to include a prompt,
but it helps a lot. If you used only INPUT state-
ments, the user might not know to type in a
number, seeing only a question mark and a
blinking cursor. The semicolon ties this PRINT
message to the next PRINT message in line 20 so
the two PRINT statements are displayed as one
continuous line. Semicolons in BASIC are sort of
like super glue.

Line 20 continues the message begun in line
10. We could use the superglue semicolon (;)
again, to put the INPUT question mark at the
end of the PRINT message. But we left it out, be-
cause VIC-20s have a quirk which doesn't allow
input prompts longer than 22 characters (one
line). We didn't use the semicolon, so the INPUT
question mark appears on the next line down.
The INPUT command tells the computer to wait
for an entry and assigns the variable L to the
number you typed in — we're using L to stand for
"Loan."

Line 30 starts with a PRINT command all by
itself — this puts a blank horizontal line on the
screen to put some "space" between our mes-
sages. Next, we have another prompt message
inside quotation marks. Prompt messages tell the
person using your program exactly what they
should do next. Again, our message "spills over"
to the next line, so we use a semicolon at the end

76 COMFUTErs Gazelto January

9T05TYPING.

BECAUSE NOT AU TYPING GAMES HAVE 10 BE
SHOOTING DOWN SPACESHIPS.

'Wi

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t

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am n il li 11 ii,C;lixl II »:»:»|Uy|'B

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Why do typing programs
have to involve shooting
down spaceships? They
don't!

i) TO 5 TYPING lets
students and adults learn
to type using an effective method developed by
college educators. We've taken the ten basic
steps to learning typing and combined them with
the fun of sequences from the movie, 9 TO 5!"
What could be better than learning the key
locations while helping Doralee lasso Hart. Or

increasing your speed while taking pot
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the fun of the movie combined with an
innovative new approach to learning
touch typing.

9 TO 5 TYPING. The typing game
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Strategy Games for the Action-Game Player

•i) TO 5 is a [radcmark of Twentieth Century' Pox Film Ciirj).

of the first part to tie things together,

Line 40 finishes the message, waits for the
interest rate to be INPUT, and assigns the vari-
able R to it.

Line 50 clears the screen and prints a mes-
sage which contains the words of the message
inside quotation marks, the INPUT variables
which display the numbers you typed in as L
(loan amount) and R (interest rate). The calcula-
tion (R*100) converts the decimal interest rate
into a whole number — for example, if R is .12
this calculation makes it 12 so we can say "12
percent" in our message. The formula (R*L) at
the end of the message multiplies the two vari-
ables to automatically give the result. If L is
80000 and R is .12 the result is 9600.

Line 60 goes to the "home" position and
TABs across 242 spaces, then prints a prompt
message.

Line 70 checks the keyboard to see if any
key was pressed. This line keeps going back to
itself if no key is pressed. As soon as a key is
pressed, the computer drops down to the next
line which tells it to GOTO the beginning of the
program and do it over again.

Let's take a quick look at another use of a
string variable: the GET$ function,

Using GETK$ To Check For Any
Key

The GET command uses a string variable to
identify a key from your computer's keyboard, so
you can tell in a BASIC program which key a
user is pressing. I like to use the variable K$ to
stand for "key." Try this short program:

10

20
30

40
50
60

PRINTCHR5(147) !PRINT"PRESS ftNY KEY TO

ISPACElSTART"

GETK? : IFK$=" "THENGOTO20

PRINT"I'M A SMART COMPUTER

KNOW WHAT KEY YOU TYPE . { 2

A KEY . "
GETKS : IFK$=" "THEN40
PRINT "THE KEY YOU TYPED IS
FORT=1TQ1000:NEXT!GOTO10

(2 SPACES} I
SPACES) TYPE

"KS

Since we're going to devote a future column
to GETting and PEEKing the keyboard, we'll
make this a short explanation. The "key" lines in
this program are line 20 and line 40, In both of
these lines, we tell the computer to GET a key
from the keyboard. We're using the variable K$,
although you could use any string variable here.
The IF- THEN statement in these lines tells the
computer that if K$ equals nothing (two quotation
marks "" side by side mean "nothing" in this
use), then keep going back to the same line to
check the keyboard. As soon as a key — any
key — is pressed, this line stops going back to it-
self and the program continues. K$ now stands
for the key you pressed in line 40, so in line 50

78 COMPUTEl's Gazette January

we can actually PRINTK$ and the computer will
display the character on the key you pressed.
Any key including SHIFTed characters will be
detected.

LEFT$, MID$, And RIGHT$

These three commands are seldom discussed in
BASIC tutorials but can be very useful. Here's
how they work. If you put a long group of
characters, words, color commands, or other
information inside quotation marks, these "string
functions" let you pull out virtually any character
or group of characters from the group. We'll use
the following program as an example:

10 W5="YESN0MAYBE"
20 PRINTLEFT${W$,3)
30 PRINTRIGHT?(WS,S)
40 PRINTHID5(W$,4,2)

Line 10 defines the string variable W$ as a
group of letters in quotation marks which form
the words YES, NO, and MAYBE.

Line 20 uses the LEFT$ command to print
the first three characters which form the word
"YES." Notice the format inside the parentheses.
First comes the variable, then a comma, then how
many characters counting from the left side you
want to use — in this case we took the first three
letters. You tell the computer to start at the left
of string v§riable W$, and pick out three letters.

Line 30 works just like line 20, except this
time we print the five characters counting from
the right side, forming the word "MAYBE."

Line 40 works similarly to lines 20 and 30.
The MID$ command requires an extra number in
parentheses. The number 4 in parentheses tells
the computer to count four characters from the
left side of the string. The number 2 selects two
characters — in this case, the fourth and fifth
characters, which are the letters N and O, If you
want to experiment, try using M1D$ instead of
RIGHTS to get the word MAYBE in line 30.
(Hint: Change the two numbers in parentheses to
6 and 5,)

There are many, many other ways to use
variables — for example, we haven't even covered
random numbers yet, or how the computer cal-
culates numbers. We'll explore these "magical"
topics and much more in the coming months —
and keep our New Year's resolution to learn
more about variables and how they work. ffll

COMPUTEl's Gazette

TOLL FREE
Subscription Order Line

800-334-0868

In NC 919-275-9808

ivT.;

•i?f

■"-f" >;**•;

'7*'
,>^<».

w r

The hottest craze in the U. S. this fall
is Breakdancing, and you don't have to
miss it. Now anyone can Breakdance. Just
grab your joystick and control your
Breakdancer in poppin, moon walking,
stretching and breaking... all on your
computer screen.

Breakdance, the game, includes an
action game in which your dancer tries
to break through a gang of Breakers
descending onTiim, a "simon-like" game
where the dancer has to duplicate the
steps of the computer- con trolled dancer
and the free-dance segment where you
develop your own dance routines and the

computer plays them back for you to see.
There's even a game that challenges you
to figure out the right sequence of steps to
perform a backspm, suicide or other
moves without getting "wackedV

Learn to Breakdance today! Epyx
makes it easy!

One or two players; joystick controlled.

Strategy Games for the Acaon-Game Player

Charles Brannon
Program Editor

HORIZONS

This is the first installment of the new Com-
modore column for both the VIC and the 64. Be-
cause of the cancellation of "VlCreations," we've
decided to cover both machines in what was for-
merly "Horizons: 64". As the new Commodore
16 and Plus/4 computers arrive on the market,
we'll cover them here, too. The nature and style
of this column will not change unless you, the
reader, want to make recommendations. The col-
umn will try not to slight any machine for the
benefit of another, but the 64 must get the atten-
tion it deserves.

A hardware item reviewed here (such as a
printer or interface) can be applicable to both
machines. Software reviewed here for the 64 is
sometimes available in a VIC-20 version.

End Of An Era

The VIC-20 is in its sunset days. It has been and
still is a good value for the money, but even
better price/performance buys are becoming
available (such as the Commodore 16). Com-
modore is no longer manufacturing the VIC-20,
but there are thousands of under-$100 VICs still
available in stores and warehouses. New hard-
ware and software for the VIC is becoming hard
to find. In fact, almost every major software pub-
lisher has discontinued its VIC product line.

Nevertheless, many people have made quite
an investment in the VIC — it originally sold for
$299. A theoretical VIC-20 system could have an
80-column display cartridge, 32K of memory,
several disk drive's, a high-quality printer, not to
mention joysticks, light pens, a color monitor,
and perhaps $1000 in software. Even though the
VIC-20 is no longer a current product, there's
still an active and enthusiastic VIC audience out
there.

VIC owners should remember that for less
than $200 they can add a Commodore 64 to their
system, cheaper than some fully expanded VIC

80 COMPUTErs Gaiette January

motherboards. The 64 can use most VIC-20
peripherals, such as the 1541 (but not the earlier
1540) disk drive, any color monitor.
Commodore-compatible printers and printer
interfaces, a Datassette, and game peripherals.
Even some VIC software will work on the 64.
There's no good reason (except financially) that
you can't own and use two computers. That way
you don't lose the investment you've made in
VIC-20 software, plus you gain access to a new
(and more powerful) software library. The new
Commodore 16 and Plus/4 can also use many
VIC and 64 peripherals. If at least all peripherals
could be guaranteed compatible with future mod-
els, it would not be considered financially reck-
less to upgrade just your computer console. Your
peripherals will always end up costing more than
the computer.

VIC And 64 Reunion

If you do own both a VIC and a 64, you've prob-
ably realized that both machines cannot share a
disk drive or printer. Each machine must have
complete control of the serial bus. With two
controllers (computers) vying for priority, all the
peripherals get quite confused. Usually the whole
system crashes.

You can use both a VIC and 64 simulta-
neously as long as you unplug the serial cable
from the computer not currently needing access
to peripherals. If you have a Commodore color
monitor, the VIC can be attached to the front
connections, and the 64 to the rear ones, A flip
of a switch is all that is necessary to change your
display from the VIC to the 64, or vice versa. But
not only is it inconvenient to change cables, it
can also sometimes reset the computer (wiping
out anything in memory), and even damage your
computer or peripherals. You should never plug
in or remove any cables or cartridges with the
power on (some people won't even plug in a joy-

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stick with the power on, though I've never found
this to be a problem).

The Reunion is a small black box that solves
this problem. Simply plug the cables from the
box into both a VIC and a 64. Your standard se-
rial cable plugs into the rear of the box, which is
then connected to the first peripheral in the
chain. Both computers cannot access the serial
bus simultaneously, but with a push-button tog-
gle switch you can easily alternate between the
VIC and 64. We've used the box here when
translating programs. The original program can
run on one machine for comparison while you
are working on the translation.

When I developed the VIC version of
SpeedScript, I simply switched cables. I translated
the source code and assembled it on the 64, then
saved the object code to disk. When I wanted to
test the VIC version, I would switch cables, load
the program into the VIC, and test it. My source
code was safe on the 64, so if the VIC crashed, I
didn't need to go through the laborious process
of reloading the assembler, my utilities, and the
source code. It also reduced the number of times
1 had to save my source code. The Reunion
would have been quite handy, and I wouldn't
have had to fear losing any programming when I
switched cables.

Incidentally, it would at first appear that you
could simply plug a cable between the VIC and
64 to permit them to direcdy communicate with
each other over the serial bus. But what device
number would you use? As it turns out, that's a
dumb question, since a controller does not have
a device number. Both machines are trying to
control each other, and neither will give in.
That's the problem with an intelligent bus. The
RS-232 (modem) port, however, is not consid-
ered an intelligent bus. We've used a null
modem cable (a cable which directly connects
two RS-232 ports, obviating the need for
modems and telephones) to let the VIC and 64
talk directly to each other at high speed. Another
possibility is using the parallel user port (which
is the same physical port as the RS-232 port, but
can be reprogrammed to act as a simple parallel
port).

Speed Up Your System

Two new products from Skyles Electrical Works
can significantly amplify the power of your 64.
Blitz! is a BASIC compiler that translates almost
any Commodore 64 BASIC program into P-code,
a compiler language much faster than BASIC.
1541 Flash! is a hardware modification that
transparently drives your 1541 at three times
normal speed (or 300%, which sounds even
faster). Blitz!, therefore, effectively speeds up

82 COMPUTEt's Gazette January

your computer, and 1542 Flash! speeds up the
disk drive. Both of these products are excellent.

The Blitz! BASIC compiler is a dream come
true for BASIC programmers. BASIC is easy to
learn and use, but is much slower than machine
language. You can write almost any program in
BASIC, but games tend to be sluggish, business
programs take lengthy siestas during sorts and
searches, and utilities take forever to read a disk
file. Machine language, of course, can be a thou-
sand times faster than BASIC, but since each ML
command does so little, great attention to detail
is necessary. It can be a painstaking task to set
up something in machine language which could
be accomplished in a few lines of BASIC. On the
other hand, machine language is great for repet-
itive tasks like filling the 1000 locations of color
memory.

Compiling a program with Blitz! is easy. Just
save your BASIC program to a disk with at least
300 blocks free. Load and run Blitz!, give it the
filename, and after a few minutes you can load
and run the compiled program. Blitz! works best
with two drives or a dual drive, permitting you
to compile more than one program at a time, but
will run quite nicely with a single drive.

There are few limitations on your BASIC
program. Any program that runs in Commodore
64 BASIC will compile, unlike some compilers
that require you to limit yourself to a subset of
BASIC, You rarely have to make any changes to
your program to make it compile. Blitz! is not
available in a VIC version, and cannot compile a
VIC-20 program to run on the VIC.

Blitz! can also compile programs written in
extended BASIC languages like Simon's BASIC,
Super Expander, and VicTree. Everything but the
extended commands is compiled. The added
commands are passed on to the resident lan-
guage during run time.

We compiled several BASIC games including
"Hardhat CUmber" (published in the January
1984 issue of the GAZETTE). Hardhat Climber is a
good example of a playable all-BASIC arcade
game. The speed is a tad slow for real arcade
nuts, but fast enough to be exciting. Your man
moves at about the same rate that the cursor
blinks, Well, after the game was compiled, the
little man fairly zoomed across the screen, run-
ning as if he were a repeating cursor (he ran so
fast he kept falling off the edge of the girders).
The barrels did not leisurely roll, but raced like a
truck going down a grade with no brakes. In fact,
the game was unplayable at this speed. The dif-
ference was as remarkable as an LP album
played at 78 rpm. Just a nudge of the joystick
sent the climber halfway across the screen. Ironi-
cally, this BASIC game would have to be slowed
down to be playable when compiled.

■■afr.

THE COMPUTER GAME
BY DAVID CRANE

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^ GHdSTBUSTERS!
SAVE YOUKCri Y WITH YOUR COMMODORE 64.

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I 1 iiiMi '1 1 iHi <M V. * nt M>i Mflni oi < ( iuMi •!>! ud I u< 1B1 ini< '..nil mu a. in im. 'u ini

Blitz! does not convert your program directly
into machine language. Instead, it translates
BASIC statements into a high-speed language
called P-code. P-code is executed by a P-code
engine written in machine language. This inter-
preter, 6K in length, is tagged onto the compiled
program. Therefore, you can run a compiled pro-
gram on any 64 without the compiler. The extra
memory used by the interpreter is not a real
encumbrance, since the compiled program is
typically reduced to 60% of the size of the orig-
inal BASIC program.

How fast is Blitz!? The program listed at the
end of the column is a simple bubble sort that
alphabetizes 100 three-character strings. (If
you've wondered about how to alphabetize a list,
look at lines 140-160. There are much faster
ways to sort, but this is one of the simplest.)

I think a sort makes a good benchmark (a
program used to evaluate a system) since it is a
practical application. The sort shown below uses
a variety of BASIC statements and features,
including comparisons (IF/THEN), calculations,
variable assignments, and strings. It's also very
easy to tell if the program runs correctly. The
program automatically reports how long it took

to sort the list. We ran the program through Blitz!
with no problems. It took 1 minute and 32 sec-
onds to compile.

Running in BASIC, the sort takes 119 sec-
onds. When S/if2.''ed, the string sort runs in 27
seconds. A simple calculation shows that the pro-
gram runs 4.4 times faster. 1 then changed the
string array to an integer array, thinking that
working with two-byte integers must be faster
than three-character strings. To my surprise, the
BASIC integer sort was actually slower than the
BASIC string sort, running in 133 seconds. How-
ever, the compiled integer sort ran 4.75 times
faster than its BASIC counterpart, with a speed
of 28 seconds. Just like BASIC, the compiler is
slower sorting integers than strings, but can
speed up the use of integers more radically than
the use of strings.

In addition to faster program execution. Blitz!
gives you several features not supported by
Commodore BASIC. First, you can chain to an-
other program without losing any variables, and
the second program doesn't have to be smaller
than the first (a limitation of BASIC'S normal
chaining process). Blitz! also treats integer vari-
ables (those with a % sign following the variable
name) specially. Normally, BASIC converts an
integer to floating point, does the calculation,
then converts the result back into an integer,
which slows down integer calculations. But Blitz!
performs all integer calculations with special
integer math routines, which run much faster

64 COMPUTErs Gazette January

than floating point calculations. It's also legal to
use integer variables as the index of a
FOR-NEXT loop. Unlike some compilers,
though. Blitz! fully supports floating-point
operations.

You should note that before compiling, the
BASIC program should be tested and debugged.
Blitz! makes programs which run faster, and if
there are bugs in the original, there will be even
faster bugs in the compiled program.

Blitz! is a fine program, but the manual
leaves something to be desired. Only 23 pages,
the documentation barely covers all the features
of Blitz!, and may be confusing to novice pro-
grammers, A compiler, being a language system,
deserves more than 23 pages. On the other hand,
compiling a program is so easy you almost don't
need a manual, but a longer manual could afford
to be tutorial in style for the sake of beginners,
with details for the more advanced programmer,

A testament to Blitz!' s power can be found in
several commercial programs. LIST them, and all
you see is the word BLITZ!, Obviously, these
programs were written in BASIC, compiled with
Blitz!, and became fast enough to be commer-
cially successful. In fact, Skyles Electrical Works
does not charge a royalty or license fee for use of
your compiled programs (even though 6K of the
compiled program is the Blitz! runtime package).
If you do distribute a program compiled by Blitz!,
Skyles merely requests that you give Blitz! credit
in your program or documentation, along with
the address of Skyles Electrical Works.

Warp Drive Revisited

In the November column, I mentioned a software
product called Kwik-Load that speeds up 1541
program LOADs by 300%, As software, Kwik-
Load is vulnerable, often wiped out or crashed by
other programs. The idea is a good one, but only
a hardware modification could be truly fast, yet
transparent to most software. (Transparent means
that a program or system does not interfere with
any other program. Moreover, a truly transparent
system is invisible to all other programs, as the
name implies. Some printer interfaces transpar-
ently emulate a Commodore printer, simulating
all the commands and modes of a Commodore
printer on a non-Commodore printer.) Of course,
Kwik-Load only costs $19,95, cheaper than almost
any hardware product,

1541 Flash! is a set of parts and instructions
to modify both your computer and disk drive to
boost the effective speed of disk transfer by three
times. Unfortunately, a hardware modification is
more difficult than merely loading and running a
program, or inserting a cartridge. 1541 Flash! con-
sists of a piggyback module that wedges into the

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THE DESIGNER'S PENCIL

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Kernal ROM, a replacement DOS ROM for the
1541, and an interface cartridge (called the
CableCard) and cable that attaches the modem
port to a chip within the disk drive.

Performing the upgrade is not trivial, but at
least no electronics expertise or soldering is
needed. Anyone with a steady hand and atten-
tion for detail can install 1541 Flash!. The manual
says it should take about 30 minutes. It took me
about 15 minutes, since I've done similar things
before. Utmost care is needed, though, since you
really can damage both your computer and drive
if you are reckless.

You need to open the case of both your
computer and drive to get at their innards — not a
task for the squeamish or those who wish to pre-
serve their 90-day warranty, since the upgrade is
more or less permanent. (Though we've been
told that Commodore does not check for hard-
ware modifications on warranty returns. They
merely check to see if the computer works, and if
not, they send you a new one.)

You first have to find the Kernal ROM in
your 64, marked with one of three part numbers.
The manual includes pictures and diagrams to
help you identify the correct chips to replace.
The Kernal ROM is removed, then inserted into a
socket on a tiny board. You then plug the board
into the empty ROM socket. The board contains
a modified version of the Kernal. With both
ROMs on board, you can choose either the nor-
mal or enhanced Kernal by flicking a switch on
the interface card.

The biggest problem here is that many 64s
do not have socketed ROM chips; they're sol-
dered directly to the board {it saves Commodore
a little on manufacturing costs, but makes it diffi-
cult to replace faulty chips). We asked Skyles
about this, and they estimate from 10 to 20 per-
cent of all 64s do not have socketed ROM chips.
Whether or not your machine has socketed chips
does not seem to correlate to when it was manu-
factured, or what serial number it has. I had to
open three 64s before I found one with socketed
ROM chips. You can mail your computer to
Skyles along with $28.50 and they'll install the
necessary socket. It could take a couple of weeks
for turnaround, though. Skyles encourages their
dealers to install a socket for you, or to send
your 64 to Commodore for the modification.
Many dealers will install 1 541 Flash! for you for
about $10 extra.

Wires leading from the Kernal module lead
out through the modem port, which then plug
into the CableCard, a small cartridge plugged
into the modem port. The cartridge includes an-
other modem port so that you don't lose the use
of a modem or RS-232 interface.

Inside the disk drive, you remove the disk

85 COMPUTE! s Gazetro January

operating system ROM and replace it with a new
one. As long as you don't bend any of the tiny
pins on the ROMs, it's not too hard to pry them
out with a thin-blade screwdriver. On my 1541, I
had to use a $1 chip extractor rather than a
screwdriver, since you can't lever the screwdriver
against the board without mashing some
capacitors.

The trickiest part is that you must locate one
6522 chip (there are two of them), then remove
it. It's much harder to remove a long chip like
the 6522 without damaging any pins. 1 bent sev-
eral pins, but was able to ease them all back into
place without breaking any. After the chip is out,
you purposely bend one pin at a 90-degree an-
gle, then re-insert the chip. Once you've bent the
pin, you can't reverse the procedure without
snapping off the delicate pin, A white microclip
attaches to the bent pin, and a black one to an
adjacent pin. You also screw down a grounding
lug. This cable is then threaded out the back of
the drive and attached to the modem port
cartridge.

Once you've sweated over these crucial
maneuvers, you're rewarded for your effort with
a significant upgrade in speed. It really works.
All disk read access is three times faster. The
speedup works with almost every program I
tried. After some tests, I found that writing to a
disk is only about twice as fast. After checking
with Skyles, they confirmed that writing to a
disk is only 1.8 times as fast. Almost all commer-
cial software will load from twice to three times
normal speed. 1 said almost all, but of three Epyx
games 1 tried, none of them would load with the
2543 Flash! installed — probably related to the
copy-protection employed by Epyx. With a POKE
and a command to the drive, you can turn off
the speedup, but even with this, I couldn't get
the Epyx games to load, So beware, this
modification is almost impossible to reverse.

The enhanced ROM also adds a few features
to your 64. The routines that support the extra
features take the place of the cassette output
routines, since you probably won't use your cas-
sette as much when you have a disk drive. With
the 1 541 Flash! ROM enabled, you can load a
cassette program, but not save one to cassette.
You can load a tape program and save it to disk,
though, and you can always switch back in the
normal 64 ROM if you need full access to the
tape drive.

The DOS wedge is built into ROM, and you
can activate it at any time with SYS 65526.
LOAD, SAVE, and VERIFY default to the disk
drive, rather than the cassette, (You don't need
to add the ,8.) Several new editing keys have
been added. CTRL-back arrow flicks the cursor
to the bottom of the screen. Holding down the

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Commodore key and the back arrow tabs the
cursor to position 15 (a 16-character tab). Com-
modore key-up arrow lets you toggle in and out
of quote mode without typing any quotes. CTRL
still is used to slow down scrolling, but you can
now freeze a scrolling screen with the SHIFT
key, or keep it frozen with SHIFT LOCK. Letting
up on these keys resumes the listing. You can
wipe out the line the cursor is on with
Commodore-INST/DEL, and erase the screen
from the line the cursor is on to the end of the
screen with Commodore-CLR/HOME.

The manual includes documentation on sev-
eral new high-speed disk commands for use by
machine language programmers. You can set the
drive up to continually spool sectors. You don't
have to request a track and sector — your pro-
gram merely needs to read continuously. By tak-
ing advantage of these new direct-access disk
commands, you could get even more speed out
of the 1541.

Having used 1541 Flash! for several days, al-
ready 1 can't bear to go back to a slow 1541. It's
amazing how quickly you can get spoiled by a
luxury like this. More than a few editors here
have cast covetous eyes on the upgraded
64/1541. And the price is reasonable for such a
dramatic enhancement. After reading the installa-

tion description above, you can decide if you're
up to opening your equipment, yanking out
chips, and enjoying a 300% speedup.

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String Sort Program

100 A = EIND(-1 ) JREM FORCE ALL RUNS TO USE S

AME RANDOM SEQUENCE
110 DIM fl${ 100 );PRINTCHR?( 147) "GENERATING

STRING DATA"
120 PORI=0TO99!A$(I)=CHR$(65+26*RNDC1}}+C

HR? ( 65+26*RND{ 1 ) )+CHR$ ( 65+26*RND( 1 ) )

130 NEXT! PRINT "NOW SORTING" !T=TI
140 EX=0

150 FORI=0TO98 : IFA$ ( I )>h$ ( I+l )THENT$=A? { I
) :A$ ( I )=A$ ( I+l ) :A$ ( I+l )=T$ !EX=1

160 NEXT!lFEXTHEN140

170 PRINT"S0RT FINISHED IN" ; (TI-T)/60 ; "SE

CONDS. " jPRINT
180 FORI=0TO99:PRINTAS(I) ;" ";!NEXT

M^MCW^

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Double Duty Variables

William A. Yarberry, Jr.

If you've discovered a clever timesaving
techniaue or a brief but effective program-
ming snortcut, send it to "Hints & Tips/'
c/o COMPUTEl's GAZETTE. If we use it, we'll
pay you $35. Due to the volume of items
submitted, we regret that we cannot al-
ways reply individually to submissions.

No matter how much memory your computer
has, there are times when it's inadequate for
your purposes. There's a sort of universal law:
Programs grow to fill all free memory (plus a
little more).

Here's an old programming trick which can DoubUll^ Up
be adapted very easily to the VIC or 64. The idea
is to crunch two or more variables into one, mak-
ing the variable do double duty.

same amount of memory is used. No matter how
big or small the value, the same memory is used
(five bytes). And no matter how long the name
of the 'variable (try XABCDE = 999999), two bytes
are used for the name.

Variable arrays act almost the same. A num-
ber in a floating point array, like the variable X
above, uses five bvtes for each value. But there's
only one name and it uses seven bytes (only
once). So, for example, dimensioning an array Q
with DIM Q(20) takes five bytes for each of the
21 elements (0 through 20), a total of 105, plus
seven for the name. Thus, it requires 112 bytes.

Variables And Memory

When a value is assigned to a variable (X = 5, for
example), it takes memory. And no matter what
the value is, it takes the same amount of mem-
ory. Try this experiment:

CLR: PRINT FRE(O): X = l: PRINT FRE(O)

Since the Commodore 64 gives negative
numbers when there's more than 32K available,
you can change FRE(O) to FRE(0)-t-65536 to get a
positive answer.

Type the above line and press RETURN.
Type CLR (don't press the CLR/HOME key), to
clear out variables from memory. The amount of
free memory is printed. A value is given to vari-
able X, and the free memory is printed again.
Note that the variable has occupied seven bytes.
Two are used for the variable name, five for the
value.

On a new line, type the same line again,
changing X = l to something like X = 999999.
Press RETURN again and what happens? The

90 COMPUTE! s Gazeffe January

Now let's imagine a simple data base program.
You swim every morning and want to keep track
of how many laps you've covered. The program
you write has two arrays, D(I) for the date and
L(I) for number of laps that day. It doesn't matter
in this example whether the data is stored on
tape or disk, or read from DATA statements.

After 50 swimming sessions, the two arrays
will use up 262 bytes each, for a total of 524, It
might be years until memory is a problem. Even
on an unexpanded VIC, it would take a year of
swimming before free memory dwindled to
nothing.

But you decide to expand your program.
Perhaps you want to print out a bar graph, or
you add the time (to get a daily swimming speed
and overall average). Or you have five friends
who want their laps and times added. As the
program grows, you find yourself running out of
memory.

One solution is to double up on variables.
The date you input is always between 101 (Janu-
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of laps always ranges from 0 to 999. So, when
you input the date and time, combine the two
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by 1000 and add the laps.

Since variables use up the same amount of
space, no matter what the value, squeezing the
two numbers into one cuts in half the memory
used for the two variables.

Using this system, the number 330021
would mean 21 laps on 3/30. 1201101 would
mean 101 laps on the first of December.

The two formulas needed in the program are
simple. To combine the two numbers into a sin-
gle variable DL, DL = D*1000 + L, or date times
1000 plus laps. To uncrunch the numbers,
D = INT(DL/1000) and L = DL-1000*D. Date is
the integer value of DL divided by 1000. Laps is
DL minus 1000 times the date.

Depending on the range of values, you could
combine three, four, or more variables into one.
But you should be aware of one limitation— once
a number goes beyond nine digits, it is rounded
off. Try to avoid using numbers larger than
99,999,999. Also, fractions are not always as reli-
able as integers, because they get rounded to the
nearest base-two fraction.

Multiple Binary Values

A variation on this technique can be used when
the values are all yes/no decisions. In the exam-
ple above, the dates ranged from 101 to 1231,
the number of laps from 0-999. Altogether,

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seven decimal digits were used in the final dou-
bled up variable.

Instead of multiplying by ten, one hundred,
one thousand, and so on, you can multiply by
twos (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.). VVhat you are doing, in
effect, is turning individual bits on and off. (Note
that this technique would not work on the swim-
ming program, because date and laps are not
yes/no situations.)

For example, you want a program to keep
track of a few liundred members who belong to
the local user group. In addition to the usual
information about name/address/phone, you
have the following categories:

1 Adult Member/Student

2 VIC Owner
4 64 Owner

8 Interest in BASIC

16 Interest in ML

32 interest in Games

64 Interest in Education

128 Interest in Business

256 Willing to Help Organize

512 Willing to Teach Seminar

When a new person signs up for the user
group, he or she provides the above information
(all yes or no questions). The appropriate num-
bers are added up; for example an adult with a
64, interested in BASIC, games, and educational
software would be given the number 109.

The different categories can be sorted out
with a logical AND. In the program, each mem-
ber has been assigned a number, let's say vari-
able j. IF (J AND 16) = 16 then the person is
interested in machine language. If it equals zero,
then the member is not interested. Loop through
the membership list, reading J and ANDing it
with 16, and you'll find out who has that
particular interest.

You can also combine categories. Maybe you
want to set up a seminar on programming ML
games on the 64, but don't know who would be
interested. The categories are 4, 16, and 32, so
you could have the computer search through the
list of members. A single line would find all peo-
ple who checked the three boxes when they
joined, IF (J AND 52) = 52 THEN C = C + 1. The
variable C, in this case, is used as a counter, to
keep track of how many members are interested
in ML games for the 64. If you checked the 512
bit, you might then find someone who is willing
to teach the seminar.

In the example above, instead of ten dif-
ferent variables using up (at least) five bytes
each, you reduce everything to a single variable
per member, with bits acting as flags which are
up or down. Thus, you use a tenth as much
memory, and this gives you more room for add-
ing new members or categories. @

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receive programs and the like. And you can print what is coming on the screen. It has a 16-entry phone book
for those often used numbers, and a 20-entry message file for frequently sent messages. It also has a powerful
editor so that you can write messages to send later, or edit ones you have received. You can even save and use
files as large as your disk!

VIP Terminal Is Easy and Fun to Use!

VIP Terminal makes full use of the potential of your C64 - you get color,
graphics and sound. VIP Terminal uses menus and "icons," pictures of the
tasks to be done. In fact, VIP Terminal can almost be totally controlled with a
joystick. You can switch menus, change screen colors, change parameters,
even dial your phone without ever touching your keyboard! Just move the
hand to point to the colored icon, or the entry, press the fire button, and the
change is made. Of course, it all can be done from the keyboard too!

Help is built right into the program so you can't get lost or confused. The manual is even capsulized on the
disk for reference from the program when you need it. VIP Terminal also has a chiming clock for the quarter
hour and the hour, and an alarm you can set. There's even a musical alarm to let you know when you have a
call. VIP Terminal has put it all together to make the perfect communication program!

Integration With VIP Desktop

VIP Terminal is connected to the whole VIP Library™ of programs through
VIP Desktop'". From VIP Desktop, you may access any of the other VIP
Library programs that you own. The rest of VIP Library will meet your word
processing, financial planning, data management and other essential home
and business information management needs. All VIP Library programs
feature high resolution graphics to give 80 columns on the screen without
any hardware modification. They also give you icons and plenty of help.
Quality and affordability are our number one concern!

7 fi^9&iBiS

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Available at Dealers everywhere. If your
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Order Status and Software Questions
call (805) 968-4364

MAIL ORDERS: Shipping: S3 00 U.S.; SS.OO CANADA;
S15.00 OVERSEAS; Personal checks allow 3 weeks.

132 Aero Camino
Goleta, California 93117

User Group Update

When writing to a user group for information,
please remember to enclose a self-addressed,
stamped envelope.

Send additions, corrections, and deletions for
this list to:

COMPUTE! Publications
P.O. Box 5406
Greensboro, NC 27403
Attn: Commodore User Groups

Changes

The new contact address for the Sacramento
Commodore Computer Club is P.O. Box 227,
Sacramento, CA 95810.

The Commodore Brooksville User Croup
(C-BUG) has a new contact person, Eleanor Hott,

who can be reached care of C-BUG, P.O. Box
1261, Brooksville, FL 33512. The phone number
is (904) 799-5292.

The Memphis Commodore Users Club also
has a new address: P.O. Box 38095, Bartlett, IN
38134-0095.

The North Country (NY) Computer Club has
changed its name to North Country Commodore
Club. The new contact person is Eleanor
Cunningham, who can be reached at 1607 Ford
Street, Ogdensburg, NY 13669. The phone
number is (315) 393-2708.

Another group with a new name is the Nova
Scotia Commodore Computer Users Association,
formerly the Nova Scotia Commodore Computer
User Group. The new address is P.O. Box 3426,
Halifax South, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 3J1.

New Listings

ARKANSAS

Arkansas 64 Trading Post
Larry Johnson
P.O. Box 135
Biggers, AR 72413
(501) 769-2888

CALIFORNIA

Fairfield Commodore User's Group
Mike Riley

200 Cambridge Drive
Vacaville, CA 95688

FLORIDA

Tri -County Commodore Users Group
P.O. Box 1151
Ocala, FL 32678

Commodore Users Group of Pensacola
Debbie Johnston
P.O. Box 3533
Pensacola, FL 32516
(904) 455-5804

GEORGIA

Clayton County C-64 Users Group
Joyce Jay

527 Wavelyn Way
Rivcrdale, GA 30274
• (404) 478-7906

ILLINOIS

Northwest Suburban Commodore User

Group
Orrin J. Adler
2 14 South Greenwood
Palatine, IL 60067

MICHIGAN

Delton Area User Group (DA.U.G.)

Al Pilukas

1138 6 Letches Lare

Delton, Ml 49046

Lansing Area Commodore Club

jae Walker

P.O. Box 1065

East Unsing, M! 48823-1065

(517) 351-7061

Video Innovation Club (V.l.C.)
Michael Levay
424 Woodlawn
Roscommon, MI 48653

IMISSOURI

Northeast Missouri Commodore Users
Group (NEMOCUG)

Terry Kinney
555 Western Drive
Macon, MO 63552
(816) 385-2955

or contact;
Stephen Foltz
P.O. Box 563
Macon, MO 63552
(816) 385-5530

NORTH CAROLINA

Commodore Users Group of Fayetteville

(CUGOF)
Steve Peterson
P.O. Box 41601
Fayetteville, NC 28309
(919) 864-6972

OHIO

Westcom 64 Commpdore Users Group of

Western Cincinnati
Rick Olano
156 Citation Circle
Harrison, OH 45030
(513) 367-2668

SOUTH CAROLINA

Spartanburg Commodore Users Group

(SPARCOG)
P.O. Box 319
Spartanburg, SC 29304

TEXAS

NASACOM 64 CommtJdore Club
Bruce Hilty
16222 Seahorse
Houston, TX 77062
(713) 480-1756

BiStone Users Club
R.G. Gore
P.O. Box 386
Mexia, TX 76667
(817)562-6808

WASHINGTON

Anaeortes User Group
Jim Cook
ion 8th Street
Anaeortes, WA 98221
(206) 293-0222

OUTSIDE THE U.S.

VlC-20 & Commodore 64 User's Group
Jose Luis Beltramone
Calle 3 North, 435 1/2 depto. 2
(1900) La Plata, Argentina

GAMES (C-64 User Group)
Travis Taylor or Kevin Taylor
3148 Kingston Road
Scarborough, Ontario
Canada MIM 1P4
(416) 265-0520

Woridwide Commodore 64 Genealogists

Johann H. Aaddc

Dalkansleden 49

S-162 24 Vaellingby

Sweden

94 COMPUTE'.'s Qaiette January

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A user group is being formed in
Randallstown, Maryland. Those interested should
contact Steven Zigl'ar, C-64 & VIC'20 Users
Group of Randallstown, 8827 Sigrid Road,
Randallstown, MD 21133. The phone number is
(301) 655-8402.

The Pomona Valley Commodore Users'
Group has changed its name to Cal Poly
Commodore Users' Group. The contact person is
David Dietzel, and the address is 14617 1/2
Ramona Boulevard, Baldwin Park, CA 91706.
The phone number is (818) 960-9906.

COM-VICS, a Commodore and VlC-20 user
group in Maine, has a new mailing address.
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REVIEWS

Seven Cities of Gold

ciirHiTrtfn, >I «ri tans.

Gregg Keizer, Assistant Editor, Books

Games are fantasies. Even the
simplest children's game, like
hide-and-seek or tag, has ele-
ments of fantasy. Hide and I'm
invisible; your touch is poison.
Most computer games are fanta-
sies in one v^'ay or another, too.
You become a fighter pilot in
Zaxxon, or a frantic tunneler in
DigDug. Some games make fan-
tasies seem more realistic
{sounds almost like a contradic-
tion) than others. Often these
realistic games, whether they're
electronic or played on a board,
are called simulations.

But what does all this have
to do with Seven Cities of Gold?

Two things really. First,
Seven Cities is a simulation. Sec-
ond, it's a fantasy.

I'm not saying that the
game is unreal, or even untrue
to history. Quite the opposite.
It's one of the most interesting
games I've played, one that kept
me staring at the screen and
holding the joystick long after I
would have walked away from
most games. But it is a fantasy,
at least for me. It probably will
be for you, too.

Orellana And The
Amazon

A long time ago, 1 read an
account of Francisco de
Orellana. He's rarely mentioned
in the histories of the Spanish
conquest of South America. A
relative of the Pizarro family
(Francisco Pizarro was already
governor of Peru, having de-
feated the Incan Empire in

9e COMPUTErs Gazeilo January

1533), he accompanied an expe-
dition across the Andes in 1541.
The 200 Spaniards and their
4000 slaves were searching for
cinnamon trees and gold. After
crossing the mountains, the
Conquistadors dropped into the
edges of a vast jungle. They
found their cinnamon trees,
which were too far from civi-
lization to be worth anything.
The expedition then turned to
the east, to the 2-1/2 million
square miles of the Amazon Ba-
sin, Eventually they reached the
Napo River, one of the tributar-
ies of the Amazon.

Natives told the Spanish of
a great city of gold downstream.
It was a good way to get the in-
vaders out of the area. So
Orellana and 50 men began
their fantastic voyage. For 17
months, on crude rafts or simple
ships they built themselves, the
Spaniards saw mile after milt of
river. What they were doing
was crossing the continent by
navigating the entire Amazon
River! Of course, there were
close calls with natives (includ-
ing, according to Orellana, a
tribe led by women— the fam-
ous "Amazons"), times when
they almost starved, and weeks
of depression and disease.

But they reached the Atlan-
tic on August 26, 1542. They
even made it back to Spanish
settlements by sailing along the
coast. Orellana was greeted as a
hero by the King when he re-
turned to Spain.

I've always imagined being

racocnoT leiu
icDnmnirLain

Your expedition has landed on un-
charted territonf as the search for
gold and glory continues in Seven
Cities of Gold.

a part of this strange and won-
derful odyssey. Until now, how-
ever, there was no way to play
out that fantasy — I really didn't
want to go down the Amazon, 1
just wanted to imagine doing it.

1492

Seven Cities of Gold let me do
just that. Designed and created
for Electronic Arts by Ozark
Softscape, the team which
brought us M.U.L.E., this com-
puter game/simulation makes
you one of the first Spanish ex-
plorers of the New World.

Starting in 1492 with a
small fleet of ships, complete
with armed men, food, and
trading goods, you sail west
across the Atlantic. You hope
there's something on the other
side, something you can set foot
on and claim before your food
runs out and your men begin
starving. You find it. Now the
decisions begin to pile up.

How many men to take on
an expedidon into the interior?
Can they carry enough food to
see them back again? What to

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DEALER maumiES \

INVITED

do when a native village is fi-
nally found? Enter and trade, or
enter and kill?

Simple To Play

Seven Cities is quite simple in its
play mechanics. Once you've
followed the directions and cre-
ated a map disk (you need a
blank disk to play the game, as
well as a joystick), loaded the
game and watched the title dis-
play, the only thing you have to
do is move the joystick and
press the fire button. Menus ap-
pear when needed. Before you
leave Spain, for instance, you
can walk into the outfitter to

buy supplies, A menu is dis-
played which lets you purchase
additional ships, men, food, and
goods, if you have the gold.
There are other menus available
while your expedition is explor-
ing. They're all accessed by
pressing the joystick fire button.
Expedition movement, whether
on land or sea, and combat are
controlled with the joystick.

Once you make landfall,
you need to create another ex-
pedition. You can select its com-
position, choosing the number
of men and the amount of trad-
ing goods and food. Jungles,
swamps, mountains, plains, and

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rivers are there for the
exploring.

And there are hundreds of
villages, towns, and cities scat-
tered across the two continents
{Seven Cities includes both
North and South America). If
you earlier chose the novice
level of play, the settlements
can be seen. When you move
up to the higher levels, how-
ever, the natives can only be
found if you stop and search.
Settlements will blink if they're
nearby, giving you an idea of
where to head.

Peace Or War?

As soon as you move into a vil-
lage, town, or city, you have an
ethical decision to make. Trade
for the gold and food you need,
or simply take it. It's a fascinat-
ing decision. To be historically
accurate, Seven Cities has to al-
low the player to repeat history.
The Conquistadors, for all their
bravery and exploits, were little
more than thugs in their rela-
tions to the natives. They rarely
traded, instead opting for the
quick and simple approach — in-
timidate the natives until they
handed over whatever wealth
they had.

If you want to follow this
path, you can. You can rush
into any settlement and within
minutes defeat even the fiercest
tribe. It may cost you the lives
of some of your men, but that's
usually all.

Or you can move cautiously
into a village, offer gifts to its
leader, and then trade goods for
gold and food. Cautiously is the
key word here; if you move too
fast, you'll bump into some of

We've Gal

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REALISTIC AIRCRAFT RESPONSE

"Has a quality of realism which
sets it apart from others, even
those I've tested in flight school.
Compute's Qazeite
"Great program!" INFO-64

"It is tremendous fun."

Compute's Gazette
"Flight tested by an air traffic
controller, two skilled pilots and
an elementary school class.
Highly recommended by all."

MIdnite Gazette

"This is an unbelievably realistic
simulation of the difficulties
facing a pilot in instrument fly-
ing. I'm a 747 pilot and I think that this simulation could do
a lot to improve the reactions and Instrument scan habits
of even very experienced pilots." 747 pilot

IFR (FLIGHT SIMULATOR)

Commodore 64"! Tape or Disk $29.95

VIC 20" (unexpanded! Cartridge $39.95

JOYSTICK REQUIRED

■■■■■ Shipping and handling $1 00 per ^jfllK
■^^ order CA residents add 6% tax ^^gHKF

ACADEmV

SOFT14//1RE

P.O. Box 6277 San Rafael, CA 94903 (415) 499-0850

ProgrammBrs; Write to our New Program Manager concerning
any exceptional Commodore 64 program you have developed.

Why be someone who Just pla>^ computer games when
you can be the one who writes their own Impressive
tnachlne tanguage programs?

LEARN

How to Use Assemblers

• Commodore 64 Macro Assembler Development
System

• Merlin 64 Assembler

• Kids' Assembler (INCLUDED In book)

• Most Others

How to Write Assembly Language Progfams

• Designed for Beginners

• Step-by-Step instructions

• Lots of Example Programs

• Specifically for Commodore-64

Pick up your copy today at computer stores and book
stores everywhere, or order direct: Send check or
money order for $14.95 (Califomla residents add 6%
sales tax).

microcomscribe

8982 Stimson Court. Son Diego, California 92129
(619) 484-3884 Or (619) 578-4588

REVIEWS

the natives and accidentally kill
them. Do that often enough and
you enrage them. You'll have n
fight on your hands in a mo-
ment and the result is the same
as it would have been had you
charged into the place v^ith
murder in your heart.

The designers of Seven Cit-
ies have made warfare some-
what abstract. It's just not fun to
wipe out entire villages and
towns, certainly not as thrilling
as destroying fleets of alien
spaceships that dodge and twist.
All you do is move your figure
beside a native and the native
vanishes.

Making war does have a

price. Word spreads from village
to town to city of your cruelty,
and you'll be ambushed often.
You also won't get any help
from the natives, something cru-
cial to success. Without willing
natives to help carry things,
your expedition can't travel far,
or walk away with large amounts
of food or gold. In the higher
levels of play, your bearers can
even help you find settlements
you overlooked.

Heading Home

There'll come a time when you
have to sail for home. Usually
it's because your expedition is
low on food or out of trading

WORD

* processor

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Requires APPLE II + .1

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goods. If you've been fighting
natives, it may be because there
are few soldiers left. Navigating
home is done the same way as
sailing to the New World. Use
the view map feature to find
your latitude. Home is at 30°
North. Once home, you can re-
port to the king, perhaps receive
a promotion and additional
moneys; go to the pub to save
the game map to disk; or go to
your own home to view your
progress. The outfitter waits for
you, too. Using the gold you
obtained on the voyage, you can
buy more ships, equip more
men, and load more food and
goods. You're ready to sail on
another voyage.

The New, New
World

How exciting can it be to ex-
plore a world you already
know? Obviously, you can't
erase your own knowledge of
geography. You know things the
explorers could not. You know
approximately where the Missis-
sippi River empties into the
Gulf; you know that the Incan
Empire is somewhere in Peru.
But this doesn't really detract
from Seven Cities' play. Geogra-
phy is important, but dealing
with the natives is vital. That's
the heart of the game.

However, there is another
world in Seven Cities. Actually,
hundreds if not thousands. By
using the random continent cre-
ation feature, you can explore
totally new New Worlds. It's
not North and South America
anymore.

The random continent gen-
erator is sophisticated. It uses a

GET THE MOST OUT OF YOU

IE- 64

WITH ABACUS SOFTWARE

XREF-64 BASIC CROSS REFERENCE

This lool allows you lo locale Ihose hard-Io-(ind variables in your programs.
Cross-retefences all tokens [key words), variables and consianis in soried
order. You can even add you own tokens from other software such as
ULTHABASIC or VICTREE Listings to screen o( all ASCII printers

DISK $17.95

SYNTHY-64

This IS renowned as the finest music synthesizers available at any price
Others may have a lot of onscreen tnlls, but SYNTHY-64 makes music bolter
than them all. Nothing comes close lo Ihe performance ol this package
Includes manual with tutorial, sample music

DISK S27 95 TAPE S24.9S

ULTRABASIC-64

This package adds 50 powerful eoinmartda (many found in VIDEO BASIC.
above) - HIRES. MULTI. DOT. DRAW. CIRCLE, BOX, FILL. JOY. TURTLE.
MOVE. TURN. HARD. SOUND, SPRITE, ROTATE, more All commands
are easy lo use. Includes manual with two-part tutorial and demo

DISK S27.9S TAPE S24.95

CHARTPAK-64

This linesi chalmg package draws pie. bar and line charts and graphs trom
your data or DIP. Multiplan and Busicalc files Charts are drawn in any of
2 formats. Change formal and build another chart immediately Hardcopy
lo f^PSBOI. Epson, Okidata, Prownter, Includes manual and tutorial

DISK S42.95

CHARTPLOT-64

Same as CHARTPACK-64 lor highest gualily output to most popular pen
Plo"ers DISK S84,95

DEALER INQUIRIES ARE INVITED

CADPAK-64

This advanced design package has outstanding features - two Hires
screens; draw LINEs, RAYs, CIRCLES. BOXEs; Ireehand DRAW. FILL with
patterns; COPY areas, SAVE/RECALL pictures, define and use intricate
OBJECTS, insen text on screen. UNDO last function. Requires high quality
lightpen We recommend McPen Includes manual wilh tutorial
DISK $49.95 McPen lightpen $49.95

MASTER 64

This professional application development package adds tOO powerful
commands to BASIC including fast ISAM indexed files, simplified yet
sophisticated screen and printer management, programmer's aid. BASIC
4 0 commands; P^-digit arithmetic, machine language monitor Runtime
package tor royalty-free distribution of your programs. Includes 150pp
manual

DISK $84.95

VIDEO BASIC-64

This superb graphics and sound development package lets you wrile soft-
ware lor distribution without royalties Has hires, mutticolor. sprite and
turtle graphics; audio commands for simple or compfex music and sound
effects, two sizes of hardcopy to most dot matrix printers, game features
such as sprite collision detection, lighlpen, game paddle, memory
management for multiple graphics screens, screen copy, etc.

DISK $59.95

TAS-64 FOR SERIOUS INVESTORS

This sophisticated charting system plots more ihan 15 technical indicators
on split screen, rrroving averages, oscillators; trading brands; least squares,
trend lines, superimpose graphs, five volume indicators, refative strength,
volumes, more Online data collection DJNR/S or Warner, 175pp manual
Tulonal disk $84.95

FREE CATALOG Ask for a listing of other
Abacus Software for Commodore-64or Vlc-20

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Commodore 64 is a rog. T.M. of Commodore Business Machines

New ZMltnil:

VISCCIUNT ELECTRONICS
X6-30a ChgJCh Street
Palmers ton North
63-86-696

AVAILABLE AT COMPUTER STORES, OR WRITE:

Abacus ^ Software

P.O. BOX 7211 GRAND RAPIDS. MICK. 49510

For postaga & handling, add SAW (U.S. and Canada), add $6.00
tor toreifln. Make payment in U.S. dollars by check, money order
or Charge card. (Michigan Residents add 4% sales tax).

FOR QUICK SERVICE PHONE 616-241-5510

REVIEWS

plate tectonics model to place
mountains where the plates
grind against each other. An-
other model insures that settle-
ments are correctly located, so
that primitive cultures aren't
neighbors to huge city-states.

Then, when you sail, you're
more accurately duplicating the
conditions a late-fifteenth cen-
tury explorer faced. Try it once
you've mastered the old New
World.

With Seven Cities of Gold,

New Technological Breakthrough !

\ ULTRABYTE
^ DISK NIBBLER

The Uttimate Bit by Bit Disk Duplicator
For The Commodore 64 and 1541 Disk Drive

ULTRABYTE DISK
ALL SOFTWARE

NIBBLER COPIES
EXCEPT ITSELF

SATISFACTION GUARANTEED

Return for refund within 10 days
if not completely satisfied

$ 39 95

Inlraductory Price

plus S 3.00 Shipping and Handling

MASTERCARD. VISA, CHECK. Of M.O..

Foreign Ordcri or COD Add % 2.0Q

Cam. Add 6.5 °.o ( i 2.60 ] Sales Tax

BACKUP COPIES $20.00 PLUS $3.00 SHIPPING

Based on new proprietary Disk Operating System [DOS) that
reads and writes bits on the dislt independent of format. This
process, called nibbling, treats disk errors, extra sectors,
renumbered tracks and otiier protection schemes exactly the
same as ordinary data.

• Simple to use. Just load and run

• Fast. [}opies entire disk on single 1541 in 8 minutes

• One easy step. No separate analysis or error production

• Uses revolutionary Track Scan Technology to make
an exact replica of the original disk.

Write or Call 24 Hour Order Line

ULTRABYTE ( 818 ) 796 - 0576
P.O.Box 789 La Canada, CA 91011

SOFTWARE AUTHORS PLEASE WRITE

you can sail around the Horn,
as I did in one voyage, on your
way to the west coast of North
America. Or you can cross the
Andes and navigate the Ama-
zon River. It doesn't matter
what you do or where you ex-
plore; you'll find this excep-
donal game a unique addidon to
your software library.

Fantasies and worlds to ex-
plore. What more could you
want?

Seven Cities of Gold

Electronic Arts

2755 Campus Drive

San Mateo. CA 94403

$59.95 (B

Childpace

C. Regena

Do you have a child between
three months and five years of
age? Chihipacc from
Computerose, Inc. is a child
development program that can
help you determine if your child
is developing on schedule. This
program is the computerized
version of the many books that
list what children should be
able to do at certain ages. After
answering questions about your
child then testing him or her,
you get an evaluation and a
graph of the results.

Childpace is based on devel-
opmental norms for children's
growth patterns. Children can
be tested in four general areas
of development: General Move-
ment or gross motor skills. De-
tailed Movement or fine motor

FOR '64 USERS ONIY!

THE ANATOMY OF THE C-64

insider's guide to Ihe lesser known features ol the '64.
fncludfls Qfaphics. sound synthesis. I/O control, sam
pte pFograms using kernal routines, more. For those who
need to know, includes compleie disassembled and
documented ROM listings.
ISBN-0-gi 6439-00-3 SOOpp $19.95

ANATOMY OF 1541 DISK DRIVE

unravels mysteries ot using mtsunaerstood disk drive.
Details use ol sequential, relative and random liles. In-
cludes sample programs: FILE PROTECT. DIRECTORV,
DISK MONITOR, BACKUP. MERGE, COPY, others.
Describes DOS kernal with disassembled and
documented 1541 ROMS listings.
ISBN-C)-916439-01-1 320pp $19.95

MACHINE LANQUAQE FOR C-64

write (aster, more efficient programs In machine
language. Specifically geared to '64 features Learn all
6510 instructions. Includes 3 full length programs
ASSEMBLER, DISASSEMBLER and amazing 6510
SIMULATOR 10 "see" each operator on the screen
ISBN-0-016439-02-X 200pp $14.95

TRICKS & TIPS FOR THE C-fi4

collection of easy to use programming techniques.
Perfect companion (or those hard to solve problems
Covers advanced graphics, ease data input. CPM,
POKES. BASIC enhancements, cfiaracter sets,
joystick/mouse simulation, transferring data between
computers, more. A treasure chest.
iSBN'0'91 6439-03-8 280pp $19.95

ADVANCED MACHINE
LANOUAQE FOR C-S4

author L. Englisch clearly explains some very detailed
subjects, interrupts, video controller, timer, real time
clock, parallel and serial I/O. extending BASIC, locks and
tips from machine language, more.
ISBN-1>-91 6439-06-2 210pp $14.95

IDEAS TO USE ON YOUR C-64

wondering what to do with your '64?, we suggest dozens
of possibilities including complete program listings for
many, many uses. Themes sucti as auto expenses elec-
tronic calculator, construction estimator, health diet
plans, store window advertiser, computer poetry, party
invitations and more.
ISBN-0-916439-07-0 200pp $12.95

CASSETTE BOOK FOR C-&4 |g.vc2Q)
all information needed to use and program datasette
Many exmple programs. Includes new operating system
for last loading and saving ol files.
ISBN-0-91 6439-04-6 200pp $14.95

ADVENTURE OAMEWRITERS
HANDBOOK

Writing adventure games! Here's a handbook with sug-
gestions and hints for you. Includes an adventure pro-
gram generator to simplify your projects.
ISBN-0-916439-14-.' 220pp $14.95

GRAPHICS BOOK FOR C-64

from fundamentals thru advanced topics this is most
complete reference anywhere. Covers character sets,
moving sprites, drawing in HIRES and MULTICOLOR,
using llghtpens, handling iROs, 3D graphics, projections,
curves, animation Dozens of examples
ISBN-0-91 6439-05-4 350pp $19.95

PRINTER BOOK FOR C-64

lor your understanding of MPSflOI. tS20, 1525, 1526,
Epson and most dot matnx printer. Packed with examples
and utilities. Learn hardcopyof text and graphics, secon-
dary addresses, plotting in 3D. muctv more. With
MPS801 ROM listings
ISBN-Q-91643g-D8-9 350pp $19.95

SCIENCE y ENGINEERING C-64

topics include iinear/non Linear regresskin, CHI square.
Courier analysis, matrix calculations, more. Programs
from physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, elec-
tronics, etc. Describes variable types, computational
accuracy, sort alogrithms. Many program lishngs.
ISBN-0-gi 6439-09-7 250pp $19.95

PEEKS AND POKES FOR C-64

Fast and Simple techniques for programming. Make your
64 do things that previously required much programming.
ISBN-0-91 6439-13 -5 ISOpp $14,95

DEALER mOUIRIES ARE INVITED

rN CANADA COHTACT:

The Book Centre, 1140 Beaulac Street
Montreal. Quebec H4H1R8 Pfiona: (5M) 3?2 -4154

AVAILABLE AT COMPUTER STORES, OR WRfTE:

Abacus miii! Software

P.O. BOX 721 1 GRAND RAPIDS, Ml 49510

Excluilirt U.B. DATA DECKER Publlihan

For postage & tiandling, add $4.00 (U.S. and
Canada). addSfi.OO for foreign. Maka payment
in U.S. dollars by ctieck, money ordar ol
ctiarge card. (Michilgan Residents add 4%
sales lax.)

FOR QUICK SERVICE PHONE (616) 241-S510
Commcxlof* M It k rtg. T.M. or Gommodort Butintu Michtnvt

You Can Count On

n^^^nm

ii:

Software

P.O. Box 7211 Grand Rapids, Ml 49510 Exclusive U.S. Data Becker Publislier

A monthly disk
publication for
Commodore 64

Available at dealers everywhere!
Issue Number 3 contains:

SMURK

Art rvil cave dvwiirr^i]
vcA^litte gudrcts ^^

oOj«t OP the ADV^N-
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TABLES & PEOPLE

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LOADSTAR comes on a

double-5Jded diskette.

LOADSTAR rs a bonanza

of unprotected progMms.

LHARN - programming technjqt/es

USE * uidul programs
ENJOY * games and rroveities
SHARE - experiences with other
Commodore^ Owners

send to: LOADSTAI?

P.O. Box 30007
4073 Greenwood Rd.
Shrevepon. LA 7 M 30-0007
(318)868-7747

EncfosedfsS9.95for

numtier 3 as shown above.

UJM.'MAMEflCAffO<

skills. Language Skills, and Per-
sonal and Social Skills. The re-
sults can then be compared to
other children in the same age
group.

For each child tested, you
get a report with explanations
for each of the four skill areas.
You may also see a bar graph of
the skill levels for Up-to-Age
items. Challenge items, and
Above-Age items. A printout is
also available from v^'ithin the
program. Childpace comes u'ith
one diskette which contains a
series of programs, plus room
for results for up to 16 children.

Step Through The
Menu

The program is designed for
ease of use. Included in the
package is a reference card
which has step-by-step instruc-
tions on how to load the pro-
gram. If you're using the
program for the first time, you
should select 1, "How to Use
Childpace" from the main menu.
This program illustrates the
computer and shows how to use
the function keys. On every
screen, the operation of the
function keys {f7 to move for-
ward, f5 to move backward, and
f3 to return to the main menu)
are shown, and any other sig-
nificant keys are highlighted.
The use of color for emphasis is
effective, and text is clear on
either a color or green-screen
monitor.

Selection 2 on the main
menu is "Background," which
presents the philosophy of
Childpace. If you're one of those
people who doesn't read the
printed material that comes in

the package, you can get the
information from this program.
Although a 27-page manual
comes with the software, all the
same information is included in
the programs.

Selection 3 is a "Practice
Run-Through," which is essen-
tially instructions on how to ad-
minister the tests. Example
questions for you to score are
shown. "Rose," an attractive
character who can jump, hop,
and walk, is introduced to help
you understand by way of illus-
tration some of the motor skills.
If you don't understand how to
do a particular skill that is de-
scribed in words, press E (for
Example), and Rose will appear
on the screen and demonstrate.

Testing A Child

After you've seen the first three
selections, you're ready to start
testing a child. Selection 4 is
Parent Questions and must be
completed for each child you
test. Enter the child's name and
sex, plus the date of testing and
the child's birth date. The com-
puter calculates the number of
months for the age. Depending
on the child's age, you will be
asked some questions about the
child, most of which are in the
Personal and Social Skills area.
Again, the program is easy to
use. Press Y for yes and N for
no, or the space bar to erase.
You may use f5 to back up, or
f3 to go back to the main menu.
The computer accepts only cer-
tain key presses and ignores all
others. The colors indicate
where you need to answer.

After answering the Parent
Questions, you can select 5 to

SERIOUS 64 SORWARE

INDISPENSIBLE TOOLS FOR YOUR COMMODORE 64

PASCAL 64

This full

Disk $39.95

compiler produces fast 6502
machine code. Supports data Types;
REAL, INTEGER, BOOLEAN, CHAR,
mulliple dimension arrays, RECORD, FILE,
SET and pointer. Offers easy string handl-
ing, procedures for sequential and relative
data management and ability to write IN-
TERRUPT routines in Pascal! Extensions
included for hires and sprite graphics. Op-
tionally link to ASSEM/MON machine
language.

ASSEMBLIR MONITOR

This complete language development
package features a macro assembler and
extended monitor. The macro assembler
offers freeform input, complete assembler
listings with symbol table (label), condi-
tional assembly. The extended monitor has
all the standard commands plus single
step, quick trace breakpoint, bank swit-
ching and more. DISK $39.95

ADA TRAINING COURSE

This package introduces you to ADA, the
official language oLtto Department of
Defense andtlmiwwBming language of
the ruty(d^Scn|^P editor, syntax
chedftr/rot^WeFi affl 110 page step by
step r]nanu>l describing the language.

^ DISK $79.95

DATAMAT-64 ^ISK $39.95

This powerful data base manager handles
up to 2000 records per disk. Select the
screen format using up to 50 fields per
record. DATAMAT 64 can sort on multiple
fields in any combination, Complete report
writing capabilities to all COMiyODORE or
ASCII primers.

BASIC-64 COMPIUII DISK $39.95

This is a full compiler that won't break your
budget. Is compatibte with Commodore 64
BASIC, Compiles to fast machine code
and/or speedcode. Protect you valuable
source ctJde by compiling with BASIC 64.

POWER PLAN 64 D'SK $"9.95
This super spreadsheet features built in
graphics. It's as slmflftTO use as 1-2-.
Power Plan 64 displays your choices on
screen, with: Iie1p;screens alvirays available.
Makes allien t;igraphs. Includes 300pp in
, depth ul^Tfrianual.

TEXTOMAT-64 disk $39.95

This complete word processor displays 80
columns using horizontal scrolling. In
memory editing up to 24,000 characters
plus chaining of longer documents.
Complete text formatting, block operations,
form letters, on-screen prompting.

OTHER NEW SOFTWARE COMING SOONt

All software products featured above
have inside disk storage pockets,
and heavy 3-rlng-binder for maxi-
mum durability arid easy reference.

DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED

AVAILABLE AT COMPUTER STORES, OR WRFTE:

Abacus BlfflSoftwafe

P.O. BOX 721 1 QRAND RAPIDS, Ml 40510

E]clu»lv« U.S. DATA BECKEH PubNitwn

For po*t«a« 4 htndHng, tdd t4.00 (US, •n<l ■■■■
CviKla), add iG. 00 lor torngn. Maki payment ^ggi^

in U.S. dollars by chack. monay ordar ol .

charga card. (Michiiein Raitdanta add 4% |j|)m|ljjfc^
Mt«i tax.} pipiii;

FOR QUICK SERVICE FHGHt (I1«) 341-1110

Software

P.O. Box 7211 Grand Rapids, Ml 49510 Exclusive U.S. Data Becker Publisher

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R.J. Brtithmfin Aitocttifaa, liit.

P.O. Box 1077, Hnvertown, PA 190B3

[1191 &33-5495

mit'M

1 F»»c; .i

REVIEWS

STARMICRONfCS
HOLIDAY PRIKTEfl SALE!

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i20£ps,eocor.

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I60cps,80col.
SK Buffer

RADIX 10"
200cp3 data mode
50EPS HIQ mode "
16K Buffer

PQWERnK'" PRIHTEB
Daisy Wheel, Lettw
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SOUTHWEST MICRO SYSTEMS

ZSS6 ftoysl Larta

Dallas, Texas 75229

OrCallTall Free 1-800-527-7573

IflTexasCatI (214) 484-7835

: Free CatsSag Upoit Request

WE ACCEPT: Visa Mastercard & Amer. Exp.
"Tractematk ol Slar Micronics inc,

10S COMPUWb Gazette Januafy

Begin or Resume Exercises.
After three screens of instruc-
tions, you start testing with the
child present. The instructions
for each skill are explicit, and
for the most valid results you
should do and say exactly what
the computer directs. On some
of the skills, you may demon-
strate, but on others the score
depends on how much instruc-
tion you must give.

Some of the motor skills in-
clude standing in place and
jumping, a distance jump
(jumping over a sheet of paper),
hopping, catching a ball, and
walking backward heel to toe.
Remember, if you aren't sure
what the activity is, you can
press E to see Rose perform the
activity,

A Childpace Record Booklet
is included to aid in testing the
detailed movement. One of the
activities, for example, is to copy
a circle (although you are not
allowed to say the word "circle"
to the child). Another is to draw
a cross. (My son said, "OK, I'll
draw a plus.") One skill is to
draw a person, and the score is
determined by how much detail
the child provides. The manual
shows examples of passing and
failing results or how to score
the drawing of a person.

For younger children. Lan-
guage Skills test items may have
questions about pronouncing
words or understanding parts of
the body. Older children need
to recognize colors (colored
blocks are included in this pack-
age), repeat sequences of words,
recognize opposites, define
words, and tell object compo-
sition: For example, what is a
spoon made of? What is a shoe

made of? What is a door made
of? In defining the words, you
have to consider that this pro-
gram only chose a few words,
and that doesn't necessarily
make a comprehensive test. For
example, my son didn't know
what the word "pavement"
meant. At first he thought 1 said
"payment." When 1 showed
him the pavement, he said it
was concrete or asphalt or was
more specific with sidewalk,
drivewav, and street.

The Personal and Social
Skills are mostly answered in
the Parent Question section.
These skills include dressing,
feeding, washing hands, and so-
cial interaction with others.

Evaluating The
Results

The next section is viewing the
results. First, an explanation of
the results is discussed, then
you get a report for each of the
four areas. Each screen tells
how the child performed in up-
to-age items, challenge items,
and above-age items. Pressing
CTRL-P gives you a printout
(actually a screen dump) of the
report. If you press i7 to con-
tinue, you see an attractive
graph of the results with arrows
showing the child's skill level
compared with "norms." After
the last graph, an evaluation of
the child is given with a general
summary.

If the report indicates the
child is behind schedule, the
manual says "don't push the
panic button," and lists several
reasons for possible negative re-
sults, along with some sugges-
tions. The manual also gives a

What you get if j^ou cross
a Commodore 64 with a Fferrari.

\ ytni get the incredible
cLii Indus G 1 "" disk drive.

Ycjii get brains. Yoii get beauty.

But, tiiat's not all you get.

You get a disk drive that can
handle 1007o of Commodore's
so ft wa re. 4 0 0 % fas t e r.

You get the disk drive with the
best service recorci around. With
a one year warranty on parts and
labor to prove it.

And, you get the only disk drive
that comes with frtn? software.
Word processing. Spreadsheet.
Database manager. Plus, a carry-
ing case that doubles as an 80
disk storage file.

Most of all, you get luxury.
From the sleek lines of its sound-
proofed chassis to the respon-
sive AccuTouch'" controls at the
Indus CommandPostl" From the

LED display that keeps you in
control of your Commodore to
the air-piston operated dust
rover that protects your disks
and drive.

So, you know what you really
get if you cross a
Commodore 64
with a Ferrari?
You get the
best.

INDUS

!£) Indus Systems. 9;iU4 DciTiiiK Avenue, Chalswiirtlv, CA 9131J (BIB) 862-9600, The Indus GT Is ,i producl of Indui Syslerm. Commodore Is ii
fCKliitered Ifiidpnurk at Commodore Business Machines, Inc. Ferratl Is .i registered trademark of Ferrari tvlorth Amerlrn, Inc.

GEMINI
State-of-the-art single or dual drive back-
up program for those "IMPOSSIBLE TO
COPY" programs.

$39.95
SERIAL PRINTMASTER-64
A cartridge used in conjunction with any
standard Serial to Centronics parallel
printer interface to give you a tv^io-stroke
screen dump and full Commodore
Graphics.

$44.95
OCTOPUS

A low cost networking system: up to eight
C-64's and/or Vic-20's to one disk drive and
printer.

$B9.95
BI-hJET

Network two C-64's or Vic 20's or combi-
nation to one disk drive and printer.

$24.95
RESET
A plug in reset button for the Commodore
64.

$19.95
COUPON CLIPPER
Saves-Stores-Checks Shopping Coupons.
30 Categories-2300 records with self delet-
ing expired coupons.

SI 9,95

Contact your iocal deaier or

COMPUTRON BUSINESS SYSTEMS

503-224-2220

Visa/Mastercharge accepted, add

$3.00 for shipping & handling

DOUBLES DISK CAPACITY!

Cuts Your Cost 50%!

Now' The back of 5 'A" disheltes can
tie used tor data storage even witli
single head disk drives.
• lUn^lttTtX mattes it easy

Adds the notch needed.
SATISFACTION OR MONEV BACK.

xiBitLE mrr€H I

' Cuts square rolcti for Apple. 11. 11 * ,
lie. lie. III. Franklin and Commodore.

only $14.95*

*add $2.00 each order (S5.00 loreign)

For Postage and Handling
Florida Residents Add 5% Sales Tai«

ORDIER TODAY!

Toll Free 1-800-642-2536

FLOFtlDA: 1-30M93-83SS

on SEND CKEM OR MDNEV ORDER TO

4211 NW 75th TBRHACE, • DEPT. 1 4
UAUDERKILL, FL 33310

P*TB«rEO MX TRUCtUmS ARE ACKHOMfDGED

REVIEWS

list of professional resources,
people who can help provide
assistance with the child if
needed.

When I had my first child, I
got several books that had lists
of what the child should do at
certain ages. As interested and
concerned parents, we checked
those lists periodically to see
how our daughter was doing.
With our fifth child, we were
much more relaxed and as-
sumed he would walk eventu-
ally, talk when he got around tc
it, and play with othe; children
when he got to school. We
haven't paid much attention to
standards and norms. However,
it was a lot of fun to try out this
program to see how our four-
year-old compared with the av-
erage.

My assessment? It would be
fun to start with a young baby,
then keep track of the progress
every few months. An electronic
baby book! The best thing about
this program is its ease of use,
designed so that any parent
(even one who has never used a
computer) can use it. The in-
structions are clear and under-
standable. Blocks, a tube, and a
pom-pom come with the pack-
age.

The manual is easy to un-
derstand and has helpful exam-
ples. The program itself is
"user-proofed" so you can't
crash it with bad key presses.
The screens show exactly what
keys may be pressed for an-
swers, scoring, or to go to differ-
ent screens. Childpacc lends
itself to use either at home or in
nursery schools to help with as-
sessing child development.

Childpace
Computerase, Inc.
2012 £. Raihiolmill Rd.
Suite 223

Arlington, TX 76011
$39.95

Also
Worth
Noting

Rockney Disk
Utilities

Rocknci/ Disk Utilifies (RDU) is
an all machine language, menu-
driven collection of disk utilities.
With a colorful text display,
RDU makes it easy to access al-
most every disk feature, elimi-
nating the need for OPEN
15,8,15. Features supported are:
enhanced directory, display sec-
tor, display BAM (Block Alloca-
tion Map), trace file (shows all
sectors used by a file), initialize,
display error channel, copy disk,
edit sector, rename, copy file,
concatenate (merge) files, vali-
date, and scratch. Programmers
will especially appreciate the
ability to display and edit sec-
tors. Pressing a function key can
give you a help screen, hex to
decimal and decimal to hex con-
version, and a screen dump.
Two extra programs permit you
to perform single drive file
copying and full disk backup.
Unlike some disk utility pack-
ages, Rockney Disk Utilities has
no provision for backing up
copy-protected disks.

SUPER PRINTER
PACKAGES

Gemini 10X and

Cartco + G 329

ProwrliBr and

CsFdeo + O «14

Ho additional thipping
chargM on Printtr Pack-
*0*> In Conllnantat USA

"printers ■

Alphacom^DCJInl SS.SS
AlphaCDinftaC(lnt.189.9S

Eptan Call

Sllvai Raed Call

Piowritar 8510 Call

Legend 239

RItaman 169

Toshiba 1351 Call

Tothlba1340 Gall

Axiom CM-SSO 27S

C 0 ~M

ACCESS

Mutral Zone-D/T ?3.95

Sprilemasiar-D/T 23.95

B«jcfl(isia-o^T !3.a5

Master Compa^af -D . . . Z7.95
IliM Ovtr Moscow-D/T 27.95
Scrolls 01 Aludod'O/r 23.95

ACCESsaniEs

WICO JdvillcK CjII

Rip 'n' fita-D 2095

Flip 'n' Flla Cirt 20.95

Joysanwf 2J 95

WICO IrakMll 37.96

KRAR Joystick 15.95

EIS Cmnpiiserve Kit . . . 64.95

VIDTEX 29.95

eig Foul 16KBiilter Call

Big Foot 32K Buffer Call

Big Fool &4K Bulfei Call

Qemlnl 10X 6K U|>Qradg . Call

Monllors Call

Compusiivi Slanei ... 27.95

EtoptiantSS/SO 17.00

VarbJtlmSS/OO. .2000
EloptiantSS/DD. ...20.00
UKra Uaongiics SS/OOIS.OO
Allen Voica Ben li-0...99.9i
ACTIVISIGN

H«o-D 24.95

PItlallll-D 24.95

River Baid-D !4.9i

DecalhDion-O . . 24.95

Starl-Ujiio

B>selu«'D/T 23.95

On-Fi!ld Tsonls-D/T . 23.95
AVAIOH HILL
Call foi Hems ana Prlcis
BAHERIES IKCLUOED

Consultant- D 69.95

F^perdlp w/Sp«llpU-D 94.95

Super Busscard II Call

Home inventory-D . . 23.95

Racipe-n 23.95

Audio /Video Cat -O.. .23.95

MillUsl-D 23.95

Slsmps-0 23.95

B.I. eOCafd Call

WomaP»k-D 37.95

BRODERBUND

AE-O 23.95

BankSKM Wntir-0 49 95
Cnopliliei-D . 23 95

Drol-0 23 95

iKlerannei-D 23 95

Operatkir Wliirtwind - 0 . 27,96
Mask ditfie Sun- D ..27.95

Dr. Cteep-D. 20.95

Gumtjall-D 20.95

Bungeiing BayD . 20.95

Speliinker ' D 20.95

Stealtfi-O 20.95

WWstHfs BrotliefO 20.95

COMMODORE 64^

iicronici- inc

THE POWER BEHIND THE PRtHTEDWORD.

GsfTilnl 10X .249 DqHb 1SX . . .499

Gemini 15X .389 Radix lOX ..549

DoUalOX ...369 Radix 15X . ,629

Powertype . . 329

CBM 64 Call

SX-64 Call

1541 Disk Drive, Call

1526 Printer 279

1 S30 Datasette 66

1702 Monitor Call

1650 AD/AA Modem 89

RS 232 Interface Call

Call for Special Package
64 System Price

ANIMATION
STATION TOUCH
TABLET ....59.95

Bring the trivia
craze homo with
P.Q. Ttrtm Party -
Quiz Oam* lor

thQCBM64-D . Call

MODEMS

Hayes Sman

Modem 300 Call

MarkVIUAuto Ansf

AljioOIsI Call

Mark Xlld 200 Baud. Call

Pfomotfiflus Call

Westrldga AA^AO . . Call

ARE

SSI

50 Million Crusli'D . 27.95
Baffle/ Nomundy- 0/1.27.95
ComMI Leidof-D/T . 27.95

Compuiw BaseMH-D.. 27.95
Cosmic Balance 'D. . . 27.95

EsgHs-D 27 95

Fortrej!-D 23.95

Getmany 1985-0 . 41 95
Knigiil/ Desert -0/ 1 ..27.95
Prolesilonal Goif-0 . . 27 95

flFD19B5-D 23. 9S

ningsjde Seal-D 27 95

riders In me SnowD. .27.9S

Bailie 85-0 23.95

Bii>adsHt»s-0 27.95

Computer Foolball'D . . 27.95

Ouestron-D 27.95

SYNAPSE

BluBWis-D/T 23.95

Dfolbs-D/T 23.95

Fori Apocalypse- D/T . 23.96
Necromancer- D/T. 23.96
Now VorK CilyD/T , 23.95
Ouaslmodo-D/T . . ..23.95
Roiax Slrsss

RBducllon Sys 79.95

Slam-Ball- D/T 23 96

Za«Mil-D/T 27.95

Zepplln-D/T 23.96

TIMEWORKS

Accounls PayaPle/

CfiBCkwritar-D 41.95

Accounis RKilvatPle/

l(ivDlcB-0 . 41-95

Cash Flow

Manaaemenl-D .41 95

Dala Manager 2-D . . 34.95

DataManager-D/l . 19.95

Dlelron-D/T . 1995
Ounuoori Algebra

Dragon-D/T . . 19.95
EJfrClronic

C(ieckbo(jii-0/T . 19.95

General Ledger- D 41.95
Ijivenioiv Management- D 41 95

Money Manager - 0 / T 19 95
Payroll Manjjemer'l-O 41.95

Eve'yn Woods-0 49.95
TRILLIUM

A;nazon-0 22.95

Dragonwork) > D . 22.95

Fareiihei1451-D 22.95

Rendefvour w/nama 22.95

Snaoowteep ■ D 22.95

WAVEEORM

Call lor Hems and Prices

WiHDHAnt CUSSICS

Belo* me Rool-D . 19.95
Gulliver's Iraveli-D 19 95
Swiss Family -0 19.95

WrardolOi-D 19.95

M

6

W

GAROCO

Cardprin1/8 47.95

Cardco-t-G M.95

Cardljoard/5 59.95

Cardkey 39.95

Caiseiis Reccfder 37.95

Primer Ulilily- D/T.. . 19.96
Wrile f<ow-Cart . . ..34.95
Mail Now-0 . . 27 95

Fileflow-D 27.95

GrapriNow-D 27.95

Spell Now-D 27.96

LQ-i Primer ....Call

LQ-2 Ptinler Call

LD-3 Primer Cill

CBS SOFTWARE
Call lor Items ana Prices
COMMODORE

*ssomDlar-D 39.95

Easy Finance Ml.

III,IV-D 19.95

Easy Calc-D 34.95

Easy Mall-D 19.95

Easy Scrlpl-0 44.95

EasySpell-D 19.96

togo-D 57.95

The Manager -D 39.96

General Ledger -D 39,95

Accls. Rec.-O 39.96

Accts. Pay.-O 39.95

Magic OisK-Caft 39.9S

Int. Soccer-Cart 22.95

Magic Voice ........ 5^.95

Suspecl-D 24.95

Culinroals-D 24.95

Simon's Basic -Can Call

DYNATECH

Aoyeriiure Writer -D ..41.96

Cooewriler-D 69.95

Olalog-D 41.95

EtlSystem-0 41.95

Home File Wriur-D .41.95

Ra(>ortwnior-D 41.95

Menuwrller-D. . .34.95

Sijeedwriter-D 49.95

ELECTRONIC ARTS

Afcntm-D 29.95

nntiall Coniuuaun-D 29.95

M.ULE -D 29.95

Murder / Zlndarniuf - 0 29 95
OneOnOna-D. 29.95

Arenon 11-0 .29 95

FinancUICooktioolr-D 3795
Music Cijnslrudion-D. 29.95
7 Cnies Gl Goid-D. 29.95
Stinmng Stones- 0 .29.95
EPYX
Oragoni/ Pern -D/T .27 95

EPYX (conldl

OilBarons-B 37.96

Ptlstoc ll-Cart 27.95

Puijleraania Call

HobolsGf Oawn-D, ...27,95

Summer Games 27.95

BreaVdance-0 .... 27.95

Barb>e-D 27.95

G.I. Joe-D 27.95

HolWne«is-0 27.95

liTlpossltrle Mission -D 23.95
Worm's Gnu a^Boaa 0 23.95
FIRST STAR

AslTOCfiise-D/T 20.95

BrIslles-D/r 20 95

Flip-Flop-0/T 20.95

SpyVs Spy-0 20.95

HANDIC

64 Forth-Girt 29.95

54 Oral-Cart 23.95

Slal61-Cart 23.95

Calc Result Easy-Cart. 34.95
Calcne3ullAdv.-Cart..69.95

Tfia Ulary-Carl 23.95

The TMi-Cart 29.95

Bridge Cart 29.95

HESWARE

Hesware Call

INSTA(CIMMARON)

I nsta -Writer -Cart 39.95

Insla-Mall-D 24.95

Insta-Filo-D 49.95

ManagemenI Combo . . 54.95
Insta-Calc-Cart/D... 31.95
Insia- Graph -0 . 24.95

Insta-Vesior-O. ... 31.95

Insla-Speed-D . . 99.96

Insta -Music -Cart/ D... 79. 95

Invest Comoo 74.96

WordCrafI'D 54.95

INFOCOM

Dcadllne-D 29.95

Ejictianler-O 23.95

infioel-D 34.95

HanetlalF-D 24.95

Sorcerer -0 34.95

Slarcross-D 29.95

Suspended -0 29.95

Wlmess-O 34.95

Sea S1aliier-D 24.96

KOALA

Gibson Llghl Pen 69.96

((oata Touch Tablet- D 69.96
KoaUToucb tablet -C .74.95
Muopel Leafh Keys-D. 64.96

0-Di$k T-Cassslle
Cart - Cartridge

MICRDFUN

Deaiti In me Canotwan-D 27.95

DihOEggs-D 27.96

Ttie Heisl-D 23.95

Boulder Dash-D 23.95

snort Cifcu It -D 23.95

MICROPRDSE

Floyd /Jur:gle-0 .... 23.95

Helical Ace-O/T 23.95

HATO Commander-0 . . 23.95
Solo Fiigni-D/r . . 23.95

Spitlire Ace-D/1 23.95

Arr Rescue -D/T . .23.95

Chailengor-D/T 23.95

F-15Stril(eEaple-D... 23.95
MISCEIUHEOUS
Ken Uston's

Blackjadt-n 49.95

Duffik Brown Fro-D/Cari. 34.95

Ultima lll-D 41.95

Fiiphl Simulator ll-D. . .37.95
Night Mission/

Pinttall-0/T, 20.95

Home Accounlant-D. . .49.95
Slep ay Slep-D/T... 44.95

8arronsSat.-D 67.95

Teleslar 64-Cirt 37.95

Castle Wollenstein-D . . 20.95
Masiertypc-D/Cart....27.95

AztBC-D 27.95

Miner 2049er-Cart .... 27.95

Slrlp Poker-D 23.95

Aslro Chase-D/T 20.95

FlipFlop-D/T 20.96

fleyon 0 Woilenste I n - D 23.95

Sam-O 41.95

Mae Assembler -D ...4995
Jupiler Mission-D .... 34.95

Barron-O . . . 37.95

Tycoon-D 37.95

Mlliionaire-O 27.96

Kwlk-Load-D 16.95

Sargon 111-0 34.96

AirRalley-0 20.95

Grapfiics Basics- 0. ..23.96

HBS Games- D 23.95

MuWah-D 69.95

Oiiinh¥riter/Spetl-0 ..41.95
Bruce Lee-D/r . . 23.95

MahHj(jler-0' 27.95

Meridian lll-D 27.95

Mastering The Sai-D. 104 95

Hes Forth-Cart 31 95

PogoJoeO/T 20.95

Movie MaSrer-D 41.95

Typmj Tutor lll-D 34.95

SnaceTaii-O 20.95

Vip Terminal-0 4195

Doodle-D 27.95

Suoerbase-640 .. 69.96

PARKER BROTHER!

Forgger iiCan .

34 95

Gyruss-Cart

.34.95

James Bonij-Cart. ..

34 95

f^peye-Cart

34.96

D'Bert-Cart

.34.95

Star Wars -Can. ..

34.95

0 34.95

SCARBOROUQH

Mastertypo-D/Cirt

27.95

NetWorth-D. . .

64.96

Songwriter -D

27.95

Run For me Money -D

27.95

SCHOLASTIC

Gall (or Items ana Prices

SCREENPLAY

Call (or IttJiis and Prices

SEGA

Call (or Items and Prices

SIERRA ON-LINE

Gbamoionship Boiing-

) 20.95

Oerh Cryslal - D . .

. 27.95

FroDser-O/T

.23.95

HomewordSpeller-0.

34.95

Homeword - D

.49 95

Mission Astrold-0 ..

20.96

Oil's Well-D

.23 95

Quest lorTires-0. . .

.23.95

Threshold-0

27.95

Tim* 2onB-0 . ...

. 74.95

Ulttnall-D

41.95

Ullima l-D

23.95

UiyssosO

.27 95

Wliard/ Princess -0

22.95

Homewofdw /Speller -

]. 59.95

SPINNAKER

AaBenloieCreator-Carl. 22.95

Aerobics-D

27 95

A]f In ihaCokir Caves -C

. 22.96

Alphabet Zoo -Can . .

22 95

Delta Drawiog-Cart.

.22.95

Facoraaker- Ca.n . . .

22.95

Fraclioh Fever -Cart .

22.95

Hids on "ieys-Can .

.22.95

Kklwriier-D

2295

Snooper #1-0 , . .

22.95

Snooper «-D

22 95

Story Machine -Cart

2295

Trams -0

22 95

Grandma's House-D

19.95

Hundreds of Items
available lor the
CBM 64, please call

To Order Call Toll Free

For Technical Into. Order
Inquiries, or for Wise. Orders <

':^.<>P^

vO"

158-0003

414-351-2007

}mput

rAhUitu.

%

H-.

C

^-^^o

j,c(.J! !-:'U:ii;il"i;ilr''Alfii(>\ih-; lr-iJ^'4^= It'y^te^liimi A-i/Xiii,ii^l

vo)[Ki ^^miA

J

Est. 1982

ORDERINO IMFORMATION. PlsesB specify syslem. For fast delivery send cashier's check, money order or direct bank transfers Personal
and company cfieelis allow 2 weeks to cloar. Charges for COD are S3.00. School Purchase Orders welcome. In CONTINENTAL USA, in.
elude S3.00 shipping per godware order. Include 3% shipping ort all Hardware orders, minimum S3.00. Masiorcard & Visa please Include
card * and ekpiffllion dale. Wl residiirtts ploaaa add 5% sales lax. HI, AK, FPO.APO. Canadian orders — add 5% sfiipping, minimum 15 00.
Another loreign orders, pioaae add 15% shlpping.mlnimum J1G.G0. All goods are new and include I ac to ry warranty. Duo I o our low prices,
all sales are Imal. .All doloctlvo returns musi have arelurn authoriiation number. Pleaaa call 414-351-2007 to obtain an RAitor yourrolurn
will NOT bo accepted tor ropiacemont or repair Prices and availabilily are subiect lo change wiihout nonce.

COIVIPUTAaiLlTY

PO Boi 17B82
Milwaukee. Wi 53217

OFIDEFI LINES OPEN
Mon-Frt 11 AM • 7 PM CSI
Sat 12PM-iPMCSI

Introducing The Gold DisKSSipS Series

I

fi

I

fi

The Ciold Disk is a brand new
way tt> get even more out dlyour
Commodore 64". because now, you
can get all the programs y(ju want
and need at unbelievably low cost.

Every month, subscribers to the
Ckild Disk will receive a disk that
contains a feature program that in
itself, is worth the price of the
subscription. In addition there are
tutorials, games, a programming
puzzle, music, .sound effecK pro-
grammers'corner on each disk. A
wealth of quality software for less
than $10.

Our Premier issue - December
includes:

■ A com plete data base system

■ Home finance program and tutorial

■ Learning Basic - Part I - tutorial

■ 2 Arcade Action games with full
3D graphics

■ Music of tKe month

■ Graphics of the month

■ Puzzle of the month

■ Sound effects with source code

■ Programmer's corner
and nutre

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DISK

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In the months ahead, the feature
programs include an Assembler, Word
Processor, Information Management
System, Micro Forth, fJebugger. etc.
Plus a great many other educational
and entertaining programs.

To begin your subscription
simply fill in the coupon below.
The Ci<i!d Disk- all the programs
you need at subscription prices.

Subscrit>e .Now. This is a special
introductory offer and prices arc in
effect until December 31 /84.

THE GOLD DISK SUBSCRIPTION SOFTWARE

;n79 Dutiwifi Onve, "(i, Niwissauga.Ontann.Conaiia IM. IX.i
V ES. please .Sfnii tin; Gold Di.sk for O 6 months w 15^.95 i IJ.S. funds)

LI 12 months^ $99.95 (US. fiindsi

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i Ma.slcrclui'jli: O AmiTJLaii 'Express
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REVIEWS

The manual tersely covers
all the disk commands and in-
cludes technical information on
how each command works. This
approach may be confusing to
beginners, but it's more than
substantial for intermediate pro-
grammers. Indeed, the value of
this package is educational. The
manual includes techniques for
unscratching a file, modifying a
machine language program
without loading it into memory,
and packing disk files, explain-
ing not only how it's done, but
why it works.

Rockney Software
Box 5795

Dimvood, MD 20855
$24.95

The Voice
Messenger

This new product from Currah
Technology adds speech synthe-
sis to a Commodore 64. It
doesn't require an external
speaker— the voice goes
through the television or moni-
tor speaker. Installation is easy:
Simply plug it into the cartridge
port, then take the cable leading
out of the cartridge and plug it
into the audio/ video socket.
Since the same socket is used by
the monitor cable, a Y-connector
is available from Currah for use
with a monitor.

The Voice Messenger adds
five new commands to BASIC,
which can be used within a pro-
gram or in direct mode. The
manual also includes the neces-
sary technical information for
machine language programmers.
INIT (initialize) turns on the
voice. BYE turns it off. KON
turns on the key-speech feature,

which says each key when it is
pressed. For example, if you
enter the BASIC line 10
PRINTA, you hear one-oh-space-
pea-ar-eyc-en-tee-ay-return. All
graphics characters are pro-
nounced graphic. Key-speech
could be a great help for people
entering data, children learning
the alphabet, or teaching touch
typing to the blind, KOFF turns
off this feature.

The fifth command, SAY,
speaks letters, words, or sen-
tences. It must be followed by a
string or string variable. Unlike
some voice modules, the vocab-
ulary is not limited to a certain
number of words. The different
sounds of English are built-in.
The Voice Messenger uses a sys-
tem of rules for deciding how a
word should be pronounced (for
example, plough is pronounced
differently than cough, even
though they're spelled
similarly).

Using allophones gives you
even more control over the
sounds. The hard g sounds in
big and got are actually (slightly)
different. So vou could type
SAY "HELLO" or, using'allo-
phones to make it sound more
like English, SAY
"[HE(LL)(00)]", The full list of
allophones is included in the
manual.

The sounds to be spoken
are stored in a buffer which
holds up to 255 allophones
(about 25 to 30 seconds of
speech). Because it is interrupt-
driven, BASIC programs do not
slow down or stop while words
are being spoken. There are two
voices, a low one that sounds a
bit like Darth Vador and a

higher one. Two intonations are
available for each voice, normal
and emphasized.

Currah also markets speech
synthesizers (in England) for the
VlC-20 and the Sinclair Spec-
trum. The Voice Messenger, now
available in America for the 64,
is an easy-to-use, entertaining
speech processor. And the price
is right.

Currah Technology
50 Milk Strcei/15th Floor
Boston, MA 02109
$49.95

Tapper

One of the most addictive
games we've seen lately, this
Bally Midway arcade translation
for the 64 from Sega has a lot
going for it. Tapper is not only
fun to play, but also immensely
challenging, graphically enter-
taining, and full of action.

It might first appear to be
just another super- fast arcade
game, but the longer you play,
the more you realize it's a very
well-designed strategy game. As
the "tapper" (bartender), you
are serving a rude and motley
crew of publicans whose thirst
is nearly impossible to quench;
There are four bars, and you
must move quickly from one to
the other to service the nearest
customer. As the mob ap-
proaches, waving their fists, you
must decide in what order they
should be served. If one reaches
the bar without being served, be
prepared to be picked up by the
collar and thrown down the bar.
Inglorious treatment for all your
efforts.

If that isn't enough, you
must also retrieve the empty

COMPUTErs GaiBtte January

113

REVIEWS

mugs as they return sliding back
down the bar toward you. Un-
fortunately, many of the patrons
want immediate refills, A key to
staying alive for any length of
time in the game is to pick up
the occasional tip (if you have
time). This triggers a chorus line
of dancing girls which distracts
some of the patrons and lets
you catch your breath.

Dexterity with a joystick is
a must for this game. Control-
ling the tapper isn't so difficult,
but moving fast enough and to
the right place at the right time
is taxing to the point of
exhaustion.

The title screen offers sev-
eral options: one or two players,
and Beginner, Arcade, or Expert
levels. The Beginner level is a
real handful. The first scenario
is a Western bar (1890s). Make
it past this one to go to a county
fair, where the action picks up.
If you make it through this sce-
nario, you're treated to an
abominable punk-rock bar. And,
finally, an outer space bar with
creatures a la Star Wars. Be-
tween scenarios, you can rest or
play a guessing game with the
Soda Bandit (sponsored by
Mountain Dew).

You stay in the game sim-
ply by not losing one of your
lives (five at the Beginner level,
three at the others). A life is
erased if you're thrown down
the bar, fail to catch a returning
mug, or slide a refill down the
bar to a customer who's just
left. You can gain extra lives by
achieving a high number of
points (depending on the level
you choose).

Tapper is not for the timid,
but we rate it near the top in

114 COMPUTED Baiette January

entertainment value.

Sega Enterprises, Inc.
Sega Consumer Products
360 N. Sepulvcda Blvd.
El Se^undo, CA 90245
disk or cartridge
(price unavailable)

Mancopter

Pedaling a copter across the
skies? Be serious. Too childlike.
Though that may be your reac-
tion to reading the directions to
this game, or even seeing it on
the screen, it's only a first im-
pression. Mancopter is a game
for the 64 that's challenging
enough for adults and pictur-
esque enough for children.

As a pilot in the great
mancopter race, you need to
evade dozens of computer-
controlled mancopters, dodge
fish-stealing pelicans, and avoid
falling dodo birds and leaping
squids on your way to the finish
line. It's never easy, for as soon
as you stop hitting the joystick
button, you begin to lose alti-
tude. There are other obstacles,
too, like tangled mangrove trees
that force you to skim the wa-
ter, or waving mermaids who
want your last fish.

The scrolling screen moves
smoothly as you fly from right
to left. You can reverse direc-
tion, but its impossible to fly far
that way. Not that you want to;
there's a time limit. You need to
reach that next buoy to get an-
other 40 seconds on the clock.

If you bop other copters
from above, they drop into the
water. Unfortunately, they can
do the same to you. Then you
have to give one of your valu-
able fish to the whale. Other-
wise, he won't come and

provide his back as a launching
pad. You begin the race with
four fish. But it seems every-
thing is trying to take them
from you. Pelicans, squid, dodo
birds, and even mermaids want
them. There are ways to get
more — some of the pelicans and
mermaids have a fish in their
beaks or hands, and if you're
agile, you can take them.

Scoring is based on captur-
ing fish, bopping and passing
other mancopters, and finishing
the race. Bonus points for pass-
ing mancopters are awarded
when you land at a raft
checkpoint.

The game gets more fre-
netic as you must fly under
more and more of the mangrove
trees. Avoiding the fish -stealers
becomes increasingly difficult.
Storm clouds appear and light-
ning bolts search you out. But
the pace is worth it. The game
is challenging and graphically
entertaining.

Datasaft

19808 Nordhoff Place
Chatsuwrth, CA 91311
$34.95 (disk or cassette)

;_,COMPUTE!'s I

m^ GAZETTE I

TOLL FREE f

mm Subscription M§
^m^ Order Line '"'^

Order Line
800334-0868

MACHINELANGUAGEFO^EGjN^

Richard Mansfield, Senior Editor

ML Mailbag

If you have a question about machine language (ML), please send
it to the address at the end of the column. This month let's answer
some commonly asked questions:

Using The Kemal

How do you clear the screen in ML? I've tried filling it with
32's, the space character, but I know there's a better way. Also,
how do you check what's being typed into the computer from
the keyboard? I've tried looking at location 197, but it doesn't
work out.

To effectively program in ML, you need several tools: an
assembler, a disassembler, a map of your computer's memory (es-
pecially the BASIC and Kernal ROM routines), and a table of the
Commodore version of the ASCII code (often called a Character
Set Table). You'll find the first three in my book, Machiite Lan-
guage for Beginners (available from COMPUTE! Books or in most
bookstores), and we've reprinted the Commodore ASCII table this
month.

Your questions suggest that you are unfamiliar with the
Kern a! section of the BASIC ROM. Many ot the fundamental
things you ordinarily do in BASIC are easily accessed from ML
programs as well. In BASIC you would just PRINT a clear screen
character. You can clear the screen in ML by:

LDA #147
JSR 65490

The 147 is Commodore ASCII for clear-the-screen (see the
table below) and you just load 147 into the Accumulator and then
JSR to the computer's built-in PRINT routine. At the very top of
ROM memory are several important addresses (referred to collec-
tively as the Kernal) which can be used in your ML programming.
The Kernal addresses are the same on a VIC and 64.

To simulate a BASIC INPUT command, JSR 65487. To simu-
late GET, JSR 65508. Probably the most useful of all the Kernal
routines is 65490. The Commodore ASCII character value cur-
rently in the Accumulator will be printed to the screen. What's es-
pecially useful about this routine is that it remembers where the
cursor would be. In other words, the next time you print what's in
the Accumulator, the new character will be placed immediately
following the previous character. You can also use all the special
codes for clear screen, delete, backspace, etc. Other useful Kernal routin
and load programs, read the time, check the STOP key, and read or set
the screen.

STANDARD ASCII

1 start of heading

2 stort of text

3 end of text

4 end of transmission

5 enquiry

6 acknowledge

7 bell

8 bockspace

9 tiorizonlQltabulatton

10 linefeed

11 vertical tabulation

12 lotm feed

13 cortiage return

14 stiift out

15 stiiftin

16 data link escape

17 device control 1 [Xon)

18 device contiol 2

19 device control 3 [X-off]

20 device control 4

21 negative acknowledge

22 synchronous idle

23 end of transmission block

24 cancel

25 endofnnedium

26 substitute

27 escape

28 file seporator

29 group separator

30 record seporator

31 unit separotor

es Open and close files, save
the position of the cursor on

COMPUTE! s Gazette January

115

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S\. J20 COMPUWs Oszette Janwofy ■^■>-''->^^'^ ■

Now you can turn

your Commodore 64 into a

talking trivia buff.

Introducing TriviaTalker. . .for only $39.95.

With the TriviaTalker disk your Commodore
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your family. It asks you questions out loud using
the sound interface device already in your Com-
modore. It corrects you when you're wrong and
congratulates you when you're right. TriviaTalker
comes with a built-in timed response scoring sys-
tem. The faster you answer the multiple choice
questions, the higher your score.

You can also confound the trivia pros by add-
ing your own questions to the game. And that can
make for some exciting, creative trivia parties or
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TriviaTalker includes five different categories
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If you're not a trivia buff, for only $19.95 the

Votalker voice synthesis disk allows your Commo-
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To order call1-800-453-4001

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*The answer is San Marino.

Connmodore 64 is a trademaric of Commodore Business Machines, Inc.

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122 compute; s Gazette Jatiuary

Which One Is The Real
Machine Language?

I have seen many useful programs in your
magazine which show how to program in ma-
chine language using three-letter commands. I
have also seen a number of programs which
are nothing but a stream of numbers (that have
to be entered using the MLX program in the
back of the magazine).

Which of these is true machine language?
Is there any way I could go from one form to
the other?

Those three-letter ML commands are the
equivalent of BASIC commands. In both ML and
BASIC there are around 50 commands, but peo-
ple commonly only use about 20 of them. Ma-
chine language commands are abbreviations:
LDA stands for LoaD the Accumulator, JSR for
Jump to SubRoutine.

You write ML programs using an assembler
into which you type LDA and the assembler
translates that LDA into a number. The computer
cannot understand LDA; it needs the number.
That's because the computer's language (machine
language) is pure numbers, no letters of the
alphabet. But numbers are harder for us to
remember than words like JSR. So, the assembler
translates these commands into the numeric form
that the computer can run.

To answer your first question, both the com-
mands and the numbers are true machine lan-
guage: They're just different forms of the same
program. When an ML program is in the form of
commands, it's called source code. After an
assembler translates these commands into num-
bers, the result is called object code. So, you go
from the version people can use most easily to
the computer-runnable version by assembling
source code into object code.

To go the other way, you use a program
called a disassembler which looks at the pure
numbers of the object code and reconstructs
them into a listing of the original, three-letter
commands.

As you can see, the same ML program can
be printed in COMPUTEi's GAZETTE in three forms:
as source code, as object code {for MLX), or as
object code which is listed in DATA statements
within a little BASIC program (called a BASIC
loader) which POKEs the object code into mem-
ory for you. To see examples of all three forms,
take a look at last month's column. The program
therein is printed as source code (Program 1), as
a disassembly (Program 2), and as object code in
a BASIC loader (Program 3). These are three dif-
ferent versions of the same program.

Where Can I Find An
Advanced Assembler?

Where can I get an assembler that allows vari-
ables; automatic insert (so I can move the
whole program forward in memory as many
bytes as I want); and line numbering (like in
BASIC)?

The LADS assembler in my new book. The
Second Book of Machine Language (COMPUTE!
Books), includes all those features.

IF, THEN, And GOTO In
Machine Language

I have noticed that there are two different
ways of using the CoMPare commands (CMP)
in ML. I'm not sure which method works or
how. They are: 1. Using BEQ or BNE after
CMP to check for equal or not equal and 2. Us-
ing BCC or BCS after a CMP to check for the
same thing. Would you please explain this?

The BEQ/BNE (branch if equal/branch if
not equal) and BCC/BCS (branch if less .
than/branch if more than or equal) pairs are not
checking for the same thing as we'll see in a
minute.

CMP is one of the most important ML
instructions. It's always used in tandem with one
of the instructions beginning with the letter B
which branch to a different part of your program
depending on the results of the comparison. In
other words, CMP followed by, for example,
BEQ, is the equivalent of this line in a BASIC
program:

10 IF A = 20 THEN GOTO 1000
20 RETURN

however you write the ML like this:

CMP #20
BEQ 1000
RTS

Whenever you use CMP, you are always
CoMParing against whatever is currently in the
Accumulator. So, in the example above, you will
branch to address 1000 if the number in the
Accumulator is a 20; otherwise, as in BASIC, you
will go on to the next command (RTS, in this
example).

By the way, be sure to remember that all the
B instructions are limited to branches 127 bytes
in either direction from their own address. If, in
our example above, your BEQ command were
assembled into memory at address 1020, that
would be within range. If it were assembled to
address 1500, you couldn't make a branch 500
bytes long, all the way down to 1000. You have
to give a branch target which is within plus or
minus 127 bytes. Many assemblers will

COMPUTErs Gazene January

automatically take care of this problem for you,
but if you're using a simple assembler, you'll need
to watch that you don't branch out of range.

In any case, each of the important B instruc-
tions you mention is equivalent to one of the
BASIC comparison operators: =, <>, <, or > = .
BEQ is the same as =; BNE (<>); BCC {<); and
BCS (> = ). Since they are so important, you
might want to spend a few minutes practicing
with them until you understand exactly what
triggers each of these various branches. Set up a
little program like this (the numbers on the left
are the addresses where these instructions are
assembled):

830

LDA

#20

832

CMP

#20

834

BEQ

840

836

BCC

846

838

BCS

852

840

LDA

#61

842

JSR

65490

845

RTS

846

LDA

#60

848

JSR

65490

851

RTS

852

LDA

#62

854

JSR

65490

857

RTS

After you've assembled this, you can SYS
830 and you should see an equals sign (=)
printed on screen, proving that you made the
BEQ branch. The 20 in the Accumulator was
equal to the 20 being compared. Now POKE
831,15, replacing the 20 in the Accumulator with
a number which is less than the CMP #20. When
you next SYS 830, you will see that a branch
based on less-than took place. The less-than
symbol is printed. Finally, try POKEing in a
number higher than 20.
// }fou have questions which you ivoitld like to see
auswert'd in this column, please write to:

ML Maillmg

COMPUTEI's GAZETTE
P.O. Box 5406
Greaisboro, NC 27403

Due to the volume of mail, ive regret that loe are
unable to reply personally to individual letters. <B

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124 COMPUTEVs GaZBttB January

r

Debugging BASIC

Part 1 .

Todd Heimarck, Assistant Editor

Program bugs have a thousand faces. No
matter how experienced a programmer
might be, there's almost always a time be-
tween finishing and really completing a
program— debugging time. This montli
we'll see what the computer does when
you make a mistake. Next month, in Part
2, we'll look at some useful debugging
methods as well as some of the mistakes a
computer can make.

Some program bugs are easy to recognize: The
program crashes and you are told what kind of
error you made. Or, worse, the computer locks
up. These are the deadly, or ja\a\ bugs.

Other bugs are sneakier and not as easy to
recognize. Perhaps you've made a slight mistake
and the program seems to run, but is actually
making incorrect calculations (like figuring in-
terest rates on a 13-month year). Subtle bugs are
sometimes worse than fatal ones; at least you can
recognize something's wrong when the program
crashes.

A bug happens when the programmer says
one thing and the computer either doesn't know
how to do it, or does something very different.

Some people say that computers never make
mistakes, that all bugs are caused by people.
That's not always true. After all, computers are
designed and manufactured by people who can
make mistakes. It may be a hardware bug or one
built into the operating system. Or maybe the
programmer just didn't understand how the com-
puter would interpret a !ine — a misunderstanding
rather than a mistake. But a computer is pig-
headed. It knows how programs should look and
won't compromise. Next month we'll look at
some of the mistakes computers can make.

For now, we'll concentrate on some of the
mistakes we, as programmers, can make and
how the computer deals with them.

SYNTAX ERKOR

There are over two dozen error messages, but
SYNTAX ERROR seems to appear most often.
The line number is always included.

The first thing to do, of course, is to LIST
the offending line. Take a good look at it. If there
are parentheses, make sure they match up. There
should be an equal number of opening and clos-
ing parentheses.

Also, check all the BASIC keywords to make
sure they're spelled correctly. You may have
mistakenly abbreviated LEN as L SHIFT-E
(which turns out to be the abbreviation for LET,
not LEN). If you are writing to disk or tape files,
you should note that the command PR1NT# is
distinct from the ordinarv PRINT. The abbrevi-
ation for PRINT* is P SHIFT-R (not ?#); using a
question mark won't work when working with
tape or disk files.

Look at the punctuation, a common source
of errors. It's easy to accidentally type a period
instead of a comma, a semicolon where you
meant to put a colon. Or there may be mis-
matched opening and closing quotation marks in
a PRINT statement. If you're copying a program
from a book or magazine, look closely at the
look-alike characters (1 and 1, O and 0).

Tokens, Keywords, And
Reserved Variables

When you type a program line and press
RETURN, you must have at least one BASIC
kexjumrd (command or function) in the line for it
to be legal. Even the do-nothing REM is a BASIC
keyword. The computer reads the line from the
screen and turns ail keywords into tokens before
the line is stored in memory. A token is a single
number between 128 and 255 which represents
the command or function.

You must avoid including keywords in vari-
able names. Say you're writing a simple account-
ing program which figures out the profit margin
you make on different items. You need a variable
for the price you pay (call it COST), another vari-
able for the amount for which you sell it (call it
LIST, for list price), and one more for the profit
(MONEY). Then you calculate the margin with
the formula MONEY == LIST - COST. Right?
Wrong.

All three variables are illegal and will crash
the program. LIST is a keyword used to list a

COMPUTB's GBZetto January

125

program; you can't use it as a variable. COST
doesn't look like a keyword, but the first three
letters spell COS; your computer will try to find
a cosine of an angle, although it will stop when
it can't find parentheses and an argument. And
MONEY is a problem because the keyword ON
(as in ON-GOTO or ON-GOSUB) is embedded
in the variable name. When you find an embed-
ded keyword in one part of a program, there's a
good chance the same variable is used elsewhere,
in other sections. You'll have to find all of them
and change them to something legal.

In addition to the many keywords, there are
three reserved variables which you can't use in
your programs. They are TI, Tl$, and ST. The
first two are used for timekeeping, and ST is
short for STatus, which is used in input/ouput
operations, Stay away from these variable names,
unless you know you want to check the time or
status. You can't define Tl or ST, although you
can print them to the screen and use them in IF-
THEN statements and logical operations. You can
define TI$, which is useful for fiming programs,
but it has to be a six-digit string (for example,
TI$= "103000" sets the clock to 10:30 a.m.).

A VIC or 64 is a Httle more forgiving with
the reserved variable names than with keywords.
You can't use a variable TIPS because Tl is in-
cluded in the first two letters of the name. But
you can use a variable name like ITIN, which has
a TI in the middle, because only the first two let-
ters of a variable name count. I TON, on the
other hand, is not acceptable as a variable name,
because there are two BASIC words in it {TO and
ON), and BASIC words cannot appear aiiywhere
in a variable name.

Program Glue

Need a program line inserted between 10 and
20? No problem. Type a line 15 and press
RETURN; the computer automafically inserts the
line in its proper position. LIST 10-20 will prove
that the line is there where you wanted it.

It's almost as if your VIC or 64 broke the
program in two and pasted the line in its proper
place.

This cut-and-paste feature, usually quite
handy, can become a curse which results in two
kinds of program bugs.

The first bug, truncated lines, is relatively
easy to find, it usually occurs when keywords are
abbreviated. If, for example, you use ? instead of
PRINT, or P SHlFT-0 instead of POKE, you can
create logical lines which are legal when they're
entered, but exceed the limit when listed. Later
editing of the line leads to problems.

If you use abbreviations and multistatement
lines, the result is sometimes a line which looks
longer than should be possible when listed. A

1 26 COMPU JtisGazme January

question mark takes up only one space on a line;
but LIST detokenizes and changes that single let-
ter into five: PRINT. List such a line on a 64 and
you may see two full screen lines plus a few
characters on the third line. And the program
runs without errors. But go back to edit the extra-
long line, press RETURN, and the input buffer
will read only the first two screen lines into
memory. The result is truncated — or chopped
off — program lines. You lose the last few charac-
ters. To get around the two-line limit (four on a
VIC), you have two choices. Either retype the
keywords using abbreviations or break the long
line into two shorter lines.

This limit on line length means it's a good
idea to press RETURN only when you're editing
a line. To move around the screen, use the cursor
keys (or SHIFT-RETURN, which does not enter
the line in program memory and is also a way to
get out of quote-mode).

The second bug, which is more difficult to
find, happens when your computer seems to glue
two program lines together. Say you're writing a
program on a VIC-20. Line 500 uses exactly 44
characters (two screen lines). You type the line,
but forget to press RETURN. The cursor is po-
sitioned at the beginning of a screen line, so you
type line 510 and press RETURN. The computer
treats the two lines as one because it received
only one RETURN. The same thing can happen
on a 64 if the first line is exactly 40 characters.

Some Other Common Errors

POKES and SYSes can wreak havoc if improperly
used. Most lockups are caused by one or the
other of these powerful commands. When you're
debugging, watch for transposed or missing dig-
its in POKES and SYSes (POKE 53820 instead of
POKE 53280, for example).

Duplicate variable names can cause all sorts
of problems. You might use a variable called A
to hold a value at the beginning of the program,
and then inadvertently use the same variable
name later on. If the program returns to the
beginning, the value has changed. FOR-NEXT
loops sometimes lead to duplication. When
you're using a variable like A, make sure you
don't use it as an index in a FOR-NEXT loop.
And remember only the first two characters of a
variable count; the computer thinks ALT is the
same variable name as ALIEN.

To avoid doubled variables, it helps to pick
certain letters to be used only in loops and as
"temporary" variables. For example, decide
ahead of fime you will always use J, K, and L in
FOR-NEXT loops.

Be careful with additional statements after
an IF-THEN. If the condition (between IF and
THEN) is not true, the program jumps to the next

BASIC line; it doesn't fall through to the next
colon. For example, in this line:

55 IF A = l THEN B = 15; PRINT "NEXT
QUESTION?" :INPUT Q

the PRINT and INPUT statements will happen
only if A equals one. If not, everything after the
THEN is ignored. This feature is useful if you
want multiple actions under certain conditions.
But it can catch you if you don't know about it.

The error message RETURN WITHOUT
GOSUB is usually the consequence of the com-
mon practice of putting subroutines at the end of
a program. The computer finishes the main rou-
tine and continues through to the first subroutine
until it reaches the RETURN statement. The
quick fix is to place an END statement between
the main routine and the first subroutine. For ex-
ample, if subroutines begin at line 5000, add a
line 4999 END.

NEXT WITHOUT FOR, an infrequent error
message, generally comes from improper nesting
of loops. Loops are like onions; you can build
layers which completely enclose other layers. In
other words, the first loop to begin has to be the
last to end.

1 FOR J = 1T05: FOR K- 3T015: NEXT Ki NEXT J

2 FOR J - 1T05: FOR K = 3T015: NEXT J: NEXT K

Line 1 is correct because the K-loop is inside the
J-loop. But line 2 spells trouble because loops
cannot overlap.

The use of arrays can lead to easily rectified
errors. It's best if you DIMension all arrays at the
beginning of a program, or in a one-shot sub-
routine. Once you use DIM, you can't use it
again on the same arrav name or you'll get a
REDIM'D ARRAY error.

Order Of Operation

Most of the mistakes described above will cause
your program to stop with an error message on
the screen of your TV or monitor. They're situa-
tions where you tell the computer to do some-
thing and it doesn't recognize what you want.
Program crashing errors are inconvenient, of
course. But it's nice to have the computer tell you
what kind of mistake you made and which line
was wrong.

Less convenient are errors of procedure,
where you write a program to do one thing, but
it ends up doing something completely different.
It doesn't crash, but it does strange things to the
screen, or gives seemingly impossible results.

You have probably used instructions which
you interpret one way, but the computer inter-
prets another. And you can't change the way
your computer does things, unless you want to
completely rewrite the operating system (even
changing the rules of BASIC means you have to

lae COMPUTB's Gazelle January

follow the rules of machine language). Some pro-
grammers wish they could have a new BASIC
command DWIM (Do What I Mean), which
would instantly straighten out procedural errors.

One of the most common problems with
mathematical calculations comes from the way
the computer evaluates equations. There is a
definite order of operations, sometimes called the
hierarchy of operators, (the items at the top of
the list have a higher priority):

( ) Parentheses

T Exponentiation (up arrow)

-I Plus and Minus Signs

• / Multiply and Divide

+ — Add and Subtract

= Equals (Assignment)

= < > Comparisons: Equals, Less Than, Greater Than

NOT Logical NOT

AND Logical AND

OR Logical OR

Note that some operations, like NOT, work
on a single number; they're called unary. Most
need two numbers and are called binary func-
tions. Plus and minus signs can be either unary
(in the number —3, the minus sign works on a
single number) or binary (the minus sign con-
nects two numbers in the expression 10 — 6).

Because the higher operations are calculated
first, you can always figure out the results of an
equation. For example, J = 4 -(- 5 * 3 assigns 19
to J because the multiplication is done first, bi-
nary addition second, and assignment-equals
third.

When you're debugging a program and one
of the variables is being consistently miscalcu-
lated, there's a good chance you're a victim of
the hierarchy. The quickest way to fix such an
error is to liberally sprinkle parentheses through-
out the suspicious equations. Your other choice is
to trace through the line step by step, to find
how the computer is evaluating the equation.

There's a slight chance that using too many
parentheses in debugging can lead to one of the
more puzzling errors, stack problems, caused by
one of the various limits you have to live with,

Memory Limits: The Stack

There are two causes of OUT OF MEMORY er-
rors. The first is programs and variables filling up
all available BASIC RAM (more likely to happen
with a VIC), The second is a stack overflow (the
likely cause of OUT OF MEMORY errors on a 64).

Let's look at the stack first. The stack is a
special section of memory just above zero page.
It takes up most of page 1. The stack is used by
the operating system for notes to itself.

When a 64 or VIC begins a FOR-NEXT loop,
it writes a note about where in memory the loop

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129

begins, pushes it on the stack, and forgets about
it until it comes across a NEXT statement. NEXT
tells the computer that somewhere earlier in the
program a FOR started a loop. It then pulls the
information it needs off the stack and jumps
back.

Something similar happens when there are
parentheses in an equation, and when you use
GOSUB. To illustrate, type NEW and try running
the following program:

10 A = A-11:PRINTA
20 GOSUB 10

A very short program with only one variable
counts up to 24 and then crashes. How could it
possibly run out of memory? The key is the
GOSUB. Every time you go to a subroutine, the
return address is saved on the stack. Since there
are no RETURNs in the program, more and more
addresses are saved, until finally there is no stack
space left. It's as if you were trying to stick more
and more notes to a refrigerator, until the magnet
could hold no more.

Type NEW and enter this program:

10 FORA = lTO20
20 FORB = lTO20
30POUC aTO20
(and so on, up lo 130 FORM = lTO20)

Don't worry about adding any NEXTs, the
computer will never get that far. Run the pro-
gram and youTl get an OUT OF MEMORY error
after only ten loops have begun. A FOR- NEXT
loop uses up a lot of space on the stack — for a
pointer to beginning of the loop, step size, high-
est value, and variable names.

When stack problems pop up, they're often
caused by a GOTO in the middle of a sub-
routine. It can leave some garbage on the stack.
The same goes for jumping out of a FOR-NEXT
loop. And too many parentheses can give you
either a FORMULA TOO COMPLEX error or
contribute to an OUT OF MEMORY message. As
the garbage on the stack builds up, it eventually
reaches the limit.

Programs And Variables

The other way to run out of memory is fairly
straightforward. You simply use too much BASIC
RAM for the program and its variables. Try the
following program:

10 T$="ABCD"!U$=""

20 L=FRE(0):IFL<0THENL=L+2tl6

30 L=INT( (L-30)/3):DIM A?(L)

40 FORJ=lTOL

50 A${J}=T$+U$

60 PRINT J; LEN(A$(J}), FRE(0)

70 NEXT J

It runs on a VIC (expanded or not) or a 64.
You'll run out of memory almost right away.
Now change line 50:

130 COMPUTEfs Gazelfe January

50 AS(J) = T$

Run it again and there's no loss of memory.
It will run all the way through (press
RUN/STOP if you don't want to watch hun-
dreds of strings go by). The first program wasn't
able to create even ten four-letter strings, the sec-
ond created hundreds. The only difference is that
the first program added a null string (which has
a length of zero); the second did not. The first
created dynamic strings, the second created static
strings.

If you define a string by concatenating (add-
ing two strings together), by dissection (dividing
a string with MID$, LEFTS, or RIGHTS), or by
inputting it (from a tape or disk file, or the key-
board) the string is called dynamic. It has to use
up part of BASIC memory. If you define it in
BASIC, assigning it (A$ = "ABC") or reading it
from DATA statements (READA$), the computer
saves memory by remembering where the defi-
nition was in program memory. Your VIC or 64
doesn't have to use free memory to store static
strings. They're already in BASIC memory.

If you define a lot of variables (as in the
above program), available memory can dwindle
to nothing. When you find your program run-
ning out of memory, you can try a number of
things:

1). Check free memory. If there seems to be a
lot left, you may have a full stack, caused by
too many unresolved FOR-NEXT loops or
GOSUBs.

2). Eliminate unnecessary program lines,
especially REMarks. Or combine two or
more statements on a single line separated by
colons (every line uses five bytes for over-
head, whether it has one statement or eight).

3). Cut back on variables. If you're using arrays,
remember that integer arrays use less than
half the space of floating point arrays.

4), Completely rewrite your program. It sounds
drastic, but once you've figured out the proce-
dures you're using, the second version of a
program is often faster and uses less memory.

5). Try chaining programs. If you have a lot of
instructions in a game program, you can write
a loader program which prints the instructions
and then loads the main program.

Next month, we'll look at some quirks of the
VIC and 64, how imprecise and inaccurate math
can be, why you can sometimes PRINT
impossible-to-INPUT variables to a tape or disk
file, why programs sometimes pause as if locked
up and then continue, and more. We'll also look
at a variety of methods to hunt down and elimi-
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venLwv cwitrcjj, nxperse eccoijnt. rnHinttjfifmcfl, or a;i mi {skjctrrnw: rolndex, Fvcn il
y(Hj use ymjf^ Cfirinitifltrij for nothinij elso, tins prot^nm Fjky»j ni^nhL nffjtify itK oxpensse

Word Pracdvflor: A (ull-fentured moriLi-drivon word fvocisstsnr. iiickHhfitj: very
tn;it (lie conimisrids [including a disk caldog]. licrcnn oditirg, text locntny. aid (uS con
LroJ aver margirci. cpicng, fiogrKi. nd^itatior, and jiEt/ftaUn (all comm^ifxtj *nbfHjfiod
in text]. "... wel done and highh^ fgnctJonaf , , , provides on excelfent altemaUva
UJ the high priced word processors . . . thissanejtcblcnt tvy. HtflNyrecornmcndcd."
- Mdnte Software G^^ette. "FVovides good basic featires." — CofTipLfte's Gazette.

Copycilc: An efectnnic spi^odsheet. Twns yfxr Carvnodore into a msile
balance short, includes screen editing. "Excellent p**Dgfam for txxlgi^unQ. GSEJmotmg.
or ai^y nW3tfi oriented use . . wel worth tlie mcnt«v. Hi^jHy recomrriflncted "
~ Miititt} SoftwSfV GasFtte,

Also nduded: RiportOwi (ntcrfDcoB W/P with Dotiiiase to cnsati! (ami kittcrii.
invDces, maing labels, other reports]. Duaball Statlstkian {comp^ira bottng
stotistcs for 8 basebaa tr sohbel league ol up to 250 players, and gemrdles reports
on a piaypr. team, :cr tlie entre league, locludng standng;]]^ 5*?vera/ Wfl^utAties. ri.
cijdng lml«i [reteies W/Ps lea ftes]; several Database utAtas. ddmkxi Mmerg*
[fiicditati^ mj^fis datable appicatiais]: elso ChmcAtboak, \nvwiKoty, P«p«r route.
Loan Analyst' Labalar; more.

Versions of the package are availatie for any and ftvary ConrvTiodore computer
iiavng a minimum of 13k RAM; al proframs wH (ulty support tape. disk, and ponler
Price r dudes sfvippng withm USA and C^nadii [cnclnJM! $5 fen for CO D.J, Cahf
rncidcnts add G%. Any two programs on cassette, ESQ This Dd e the catEilo(j, you
mrjy order documentation Itr any one pnjcjnm sepnriiLFsfy for S? postpacj (deducttjta
from lour order]. Aueiloblc only (rom:

Intelligent Software
Box 3745-G, San Rafael, CA 94912

Statement of Ownershiii, Management, and Circulation
as Required by 39 U.S.C. 36B5

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IB. N/A

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5. Same

6. PLblislier, Gary R. Ingersoll, 324 W. Wendover A/e., Suite 200,
Greenstjoro. NC 274(fe

Editor, Robert C. Lock. 324 W, Wsndover Ave., Suite 200,
GreenstMro, NC 27408

Managing Editor. Kathleen Martinek, 324 W. Wfendover /Ve.. Suite ZOO,
Greensboro, NC 27408

7. Ameti^n Broadcasting Companies. Inc., 1330 Ave, of Americas,
New York, NY 10C19

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9. N/A

10. Extent and Nature of Circulation

Arera^e no. of copses each AcEual no. cofMs nl

issue dunrg prccedinQ siiiuie issiw published

12 rmillis rwaiest lo liiing date

A. Tolal no CwiB m Press "«')

318,869

B. Pa«l Ciicuiaiion
1, Sales ihrauipfi (ealere and caffiefs,
street vendors, and counter sales

129,707

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108,636

C. Totil Raid Cuniiiion

238.343

D. Fm Dtstnbutwi dy mil. omef.
tn ottKf means, umples. oompt-

2.m

E. Tool Dsuituton

240812

F. Cones not Daliilniw)
1. Oflio use. lett ovef. uuccoixiial

for. spoilBd after {ntutj

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59501

G. TotJl

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I ceflify that the statements made by me above are correct and comptete.
Alice S. ^lle, Director of Administration.

1541 DISK DRIVE
ALIGNMENT PROGRAM

FinaMv, a complete disk drive alignment pmgrainl No special
equipment needed! A tivo disk (program and callliratlon) pro-
gram attours anyone with average mechanical skills to properly
align the 1541 disk drive. Complete Instruction martual. Don't
be fooled by cheap imitations! This Is the alignment program
that works! See the review In the October issue of the Gazette.
S44.95 -1^ $2.50 shipping (U.S.)

PROGRAM PROTECTION MANUAL
FOR THE C - 64 2ND EDITION

S29.95 -f S2.50 shipping (U.S.)

PROGRAM PROTECTION MANUAL
VOLUME 2

COMING SOON

PROGRAM PROTECTION NEWSLETTER

A monlhly ntiWiliilttir covering iht; liitysl iirluiinces in program protec-
tion. This will bu a completa 'HOW and "WHY* approach to individual
program protection schemes.

S 33.00 per year post paid In the U.S.

OMNICLONE (C - 64 VERSION)

At last — a copy program that will not only copy ihe disk but is also
unprotected and documented. This will copy the disJ( and automatically
place enors 20. 21, 22. 23. 27 and 29 on the destination disk. Three
passes, three minutes. The source code is included on disk and printed
out. Learn about half tracking, high speed data transfer and much
more . . . plus updates included in the newsletter.

$35.00 + $2.50 shipping (U.S.)

C. S. M. SOFTWARE

PC, Box 563. Crown Point. IN 46307
(219) 663-4335

VISA AND MASTER CARDS ACCEPTED
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED

COMPUTE rs Gazette January

131

'POWEKBXSK

Stop And Go

Jim Pejsa

When a program is running and the tele-
phone rings, what do you do? This short
machine language routine provides a pause
button which temporarily halts the pro-
gram. It also works on program listings.
For VIC and 64.

A very useful function found on many other
computers is missing from Commodore comput-
ers. Many computers allow the programmer to
stop and restart a program listing or run using
CTRL-S and CTRL-Q.

Pressing the CTRL key on the VIC or 64 will
slow the listing down, but to carefully study a
program it's often necessary to stop the listing.
Having to continue the listing by retyping LIST
followed by some line numbers (if the program is
long) is an inconvenience. Additionally, there are
times when you want to stop a program (maybe
to study some output) and restart it at will.

Since I was anxious to try some machine
language programming, I decided to write a pro-
gram to add this feature. CTRL-S (for stop) and
CTRL-Q (for restart) seem to be standard for
these functions on many computers. The pro-
gram is designed in such a way that the realtime
clock will continue to be updated while process-
ing is stopped.

The machine language for the program in
the DATA statements is loaded by the BASIC
program. Simply type in the program and run it
to load the ML, The program loads beginning at
location 679 ($02A7) in some unused locations
below the BASIC program area, so it will not
interfere with any BASIC programs. The SYS
statement in line 30 starts the machine language
program. Unfortunately, if RUN/ STOP-RESTORE
is ever used to stop a program, you will find that
the CTRL-S and CTRL-Q funcdons become in-
operative. You can get them back by typing SYS
679.

Briefly, the program works as follows. When
it is initially started with SYS 679 in BASIC, the
hardware interrupt (IRQ) vector is changed to
point to this program. The program is accessed
each time the hardware interrupt occurs (every
1/60 second). The program checks for a CTRL-S
keypress. If it's detected, it stops the listing or
run and then checks for CTRL-Q. When CTRL-Q
is pressed, the listing or run is restarted,

Program 1 : stop And Go_64 version

10 F0RI=679T0743!READ AtX=X+A: POKEI ,A:NEX

T :rem 119

20 IFX07291THENPRINT "ERROR IN DATA STATE

;ST0P

MENTS
30 SYS679

40 DATA 120,169,180,141,20,3,169
50 DATA 2,141,21,3,88,96,173
60 DATA 141,2,201,4,208,42,165
70 DATA 197,201,13,208,36,120,169
80 DATA 49,141,20,3,169,2 34,141
90 DATA 21,3,88,173,141,2,201
100 DATA 4,208,249,165,197,201,62 :
110 DATA 208,250,120,169,180,141,20

: rem 169
120 DATA 3,169,2,141,21,3,76 : rem 83
130 DATA 49,234 s rem 224

Program 2: stop And <3o — vie

Version

rem 135
srem 8
:rem 29
srem 95
rem 179
;rem 87
rem 241
rem 135
: rem 88

10 FORI =6

T
20 IFX<>7

MENTS.
30 SYS679
40 DATA 1
50 DATA
60 DATA
70 DATA
80 DATA
90 DATA
100 DATA
110 DATA

120 DATA
130 DATA

79T0743:READ AsPOKEI,

589THENPR1NT"ERR0R IN
" : STOP

20,169,180,141,20,3,1

,141,21,3,88,96,173

41,2,201,4,208,42,165

97,201,41,208,36,120,

91,141,20,3,169,234,1

1,3,88,173,141,2,201

4,208,249,165,197,201

208,250,120,169,180,1

3,169,2,141, 21,3,76
191,234

A:X=X+A:NEX

: rem 119

DATA STATE

; rem 145

: rem 8

:rem 29

: rem 95

rem 179

: rem 88

; rem 31

: rem 135

,48 irem 92

41,20

: rem 169

: rem 83

rem 14)01

69

169
41

132 COMPUTErs Gazette January

Part 1

Baker's Dozen

Lawrence Cotton

A short, carefully designed program can
produce some amazing results. To dem-
onstrate, here's the first of a three-part
series of 13 graphics and sound programs
which entertain and amuse. A number of
effective programming techniques are
demonstrated also.

Program length cannot be equated with program
quality. You might remember your first efforts at
BASIC programming, and in looking back see
how much more efficient and effective your
programming methods could have been. Some-
times, just a few lines can go a long way.

In this series, we'll look at some programs
which are designed to show off the graphics and
sound capabilities of the 64. You'll nodce that
each of the programs is short and to the point.
This makes the listings easier to understand so
you can see what's happening and incorporate
the ideas into your own programs. Or experi-
ment with these short programs, expanding them
to do more.

This month, the four selections are graphics
programs: "Quilt," "Double Diamond," "Tun-
nels," and "Christmas Tree." As the series
continues, you might want to experiment by
combining sound from one program (we'll look
at sound programs next month) with graphics
from another. Most of the programs involve
POKEing characters to the screen in visually
pleasing patterns and colors. Feel free to sub-
stitute your own characters, colors, or limits. It's
best to have a color TV or monitor.

Quilt

This ten-line program produces a multicolor
patchwork quilt which changes repeatedlv until
you press RUN/STOP-RESTORE. Let's look at
the program to see how it works.

Line 10 clears the screen {CHR$(147)),
changes the character color to white (CHR${5)),
and makes the background and border colors
black (POKE 53280,0 and 53281,0). In line 20, R
is the amount to be added to screen memory
locations to get the corresponding color memory
locations. A is the increment.

Line 30 and the first half of line 40 choose
random sizes of blocks to he "painted." In the
last half of line 40, a random character (M) is
chosen to paint the blocks.

Lines 50 and 60 make sure the selected
block will fit on the screen; if not, another size is

COMPUTE!' s Gazem January

!33

chosen.

Lines 70-100 perform the painting of the
blocks. A loop within a loop paints a block of
size N characters by P characters in color Q start-
ing at location V. Line 100 then jumps back to
restart the process.

Double Diamond

This program's a bit longer (23 lines), but the
effect is quite nice. It draws two superimposed
diamonds of random characters and colors.

Let's look at the key lines. Lines 30 and 40
contain values for the location of the diamonds
(V and W) and for the creation of the diamonds
within diamonds {S and U).

Line 50 picks a random color (T).

Lines 60-120 POKE random characters and
colors to the screen and increment the position of
characters by A, B, C, and D to produce diagonal
motion to form the left diamond. Lines 150-200

do the same for the right diamond.

Each of the diamonds (V and W) is limited
in size in lines 130 and 210. Lines 220 and 230
pause then loop back to create new diamonds.
Again, to stop the program, press
RUN/STOP-RESTORE.

Tunnels

Probably the most interesting visual effect this
month is "Tunnels."

Line 20 sets up variables for drawing the
rectangles and starts at screen location 1984.
Lines 30 and 70 control the number of rectangles
drawn in each loop.

Lines 40, 60, and 80 determine the rectan-
gles' positions and increase their size by one as
they are drawn.

The rectangles are created in lines 120-190.
Numbers 66 and 67 are the values to POKE for
vertical and horizontal lines, and 73, 74, 75, and

85 are the POKE values for the four corners of
each rectangle.

Christmas Tree

Finally, let's do a program in the holiday spirit.
"Christmas Tree" draws a twinkling tree formed
of "lights" which randomly turn on until the tree
is completely filled. It then continues twinkling
until you press RUN/STOP-RESTORE.

If you'd like to change the shape of the tree,
be sure to change the 156 in lines 40-60 to the
total number of spots you want to light up.

Line 90 POKEs the random spot with an as-
terisk (#42) and its corresponding color memory
location with a random color code from 1 to 14
(omitting black and light gray). The DATA state-
ments in lines 110-360 are the actual screen
locations for the asterisks to be POKEd.

Feel free to experiment with the variables in
these programs and see what interesting
modifications you can come up with. Next
month, we'll look at some programs which inte-
grate sound and graphics.

See program listings on page 160.®

134 COMPUTErs Gaiotle Jani/nry

Merge

Robert D. Riemersma, Jr.

A disk full of useful subroutines can be a
great help when you're writing a program.
But to be truly useful, two or more might
need to be merged. This utility does it for
you. For the VIC or 64, with a disk drive.

"Disk Merge" docs just what its name says. It
reads two BASIC programs from a disk and
merges them into a new file on the disk. To
merge more than two programs, run it more than
once.

A simple appending program (see the Feb-
ruary 1984 GAZETTE Feedback for an example)
will add one program to the end of another, A
merge program is more sophisticated. It must
look at the line numbers and insert them in their
proper place, as if shuffling a deck of cards.

Four etuestions

Type in and save the program. Before running it,
make sure the two programs to be merged are on
the same disk. They must be PRG (program)
files. Disk Merge won't work on sequential or
relative files. It's a good idea to turn off any
other peripherals, especially printers.

Run it and you'll be asked four questions.
(The STOP key is disabled during input, so if
you want to escape the program, type the as-
terisk {*) and press RETURN.)

Primary File?

Enter the name of the primary file you'll be
merging. Keep in mind that if the two programs
have a line number in common, the primary file
takes precedence. For example, if they both in-
clude a line numbered 210, only the line from
the primary file will appear in the final merged
program.

If you have a dual disk drive, you can in-

clude the drive number by entering a quotation
mark, drive number, colon, and the filename. This
allows you to merge programs from two different
disks. Note that this doesn't apply if you own
two 1541s (device 8 and device 9). It will only
work with a dual drive (drive 0 and drive 1) such
as the Commodore 4040 or an MSD. With 1541s,
the two programs must be on the same disk.

Secondary File?

Answer this question ^vith the name of the sec-
ond program, the one which will be merged into
the first.

Merged File?

Enter a name for the new program, the output

file.

Base Address? 1025

The VIC-20 and 64 automatically relocate BASIC
programs on a standard LOAD, so it doesn't
really matter what the number is. Simply press
RETURN. However, if you want the program to
work on a PET/CBM, the base address 1025 will
create a program that runs on the VIC, 64, or
PET/CBM models (within the usual limits of
compatibility).

After answering the questions, two things
will happen. You'll see the disk drive's red light
turn on, and numbers will appear on the screen.
The numbers tell you which line is being pro-
cessed and written to disk.

On the left, you'll see the primary file's cur-
rent line number. On the right is the line being
merged from the secondary file.

When the program ends, you have two op-
tions. You can run it again (to merge more pro-
grams), or load the newly merged program,
which should be ready to run. On large pro-
grams, the merge may take several minutes.

See program listing oti page 171. ^

COMPUTE! s Gazone January

135

JULY 1983; Commodore 64 Video Update;
Snake Escape; Alfabug; VIC Marquee; Wor
Hunt; Learning To Program In BASIC;
Quickfind; 64 Pactdle Reader; Machine Lan
guage For Beginners; Enlivening Programs
With Sound; Using joysticks On The 64.

OCTOBER 1983: The Anatomy of Com-
puters; Teiegaming Today And Tomorrow;
Commodore's Public Domain Programs; Oil
Tycoon; Re-Beep; Aardvark Attack; Word
Match; Machine Language For Beginners;
How To Use Tape And Disk Files; Under
^. standing 64 Sound; Speeding Up The
^;HOTWARE; Improving 64 Video Qua'
fusing The VEC's Clock. ,^

;MARCH 1984: The Electronic Castle:
^vManaging Your Home With Your Computer;
^.Getdng Started With A Disk Drive, Part 5;
^CUT-OFF!; Poker; Tree Tutor For Tots;

Guess America!; Sea Koute To India. ;

^-

MAY 1984: Exploring 64 Sound;
SpeedScript Revisited; Sound Sculptor For
The 64; Props; Mind Boggle; Memo Writer;
The Beginner's Corner: Teaching Music
'With Computers.

JUNE 1984: The Future Of Computer
Games: Software That Thinks For Itself; 3-D
Tic-Tac-Toe; Castle Dungeon; Therapy; File
Copier; Power BASIC; One-Touch Keywords;
The Beginner's Corner; Planning A Game
Program.

i

I

1984: Robots: The'
Computers; How To Start A User Group;
Bingo 64; Making Calendars; French Tutor;.;
Hints & Tips: Adding A Second Joystick Tdi^
The YiC'-.P-QWePoP^^SIC: Numeric Keypa4^^

■JULY 1984: In Touch With Your Computer;
Graphics Tablets And Light Pens; Space Pa-
trol; Robot Math; Ultrafont f ; Machine
Language For Beginners: What Is Machine
^^.; Language?; The Beginner's Corner: Quilt

^^;SqUareS.;.xV\VX\X>NV.'vXVSXNVvV,\\V.\\\\XN\S\V>.VV.

; AUGUST 1984: A survey

^The VIC And 64; Selecting A Printer Inter-
•face; Campaign Manager; Sprite Magic; BaL
sloon Blitz; Disk Purge; The Beginner's-
jrner: Using A Printer.

issues not listed arc not nvailahlc

Back issues of computers gazette are $4 each. All prices include freight in the U.S. Out^
side the U.S. add $1 per magazine order for surface postage, $4 per magazine for air mail
postage, ALL BACK ISSUES ARE SUBJECT TO AVAILABILITY.

In the continental U.S. call
TOLL FREE 800-334-0868

(in North Carolina call 919-275-9809)

Or write to:
COMPUTE!'s GAZETTE Back Issues
P.O. Box 5406
Greensboro, NC 27403

I

Prepayment required in U.S. Funds. MasterCard, VISA, and American Express accepted.
North Carolina residents please add 4Vz% sales tax.

136 COMPUTE'S Qazouo Janiiary

NEWSSc
PRODUCTS

VIC, 64
Interfaces

Omnitronix Incorporated has re-
leased two interfaces for use
with the VIC-20 or Commodore
64.

The parallel printer inter-
face connects to the user I/O
port on either the VIC-20 or the
64 and comes with a driver soft-
ware disk which allows CBM
printer emulation, such as
tabbing.

Printers without bitmap
graphics capability can print
Commodore graphics and con-
trol codes in the form of mne-
monics or the CHR$ code.

Suggested retail price is
$39.95.

The second interface, the
Deluxe RS-232 Interface, which
also plugs into the user I/O
port, provides many RS-232 sig-
nals, including ring detect. It
has three user-selectable
switches allowing settings for
DTE/DCE, pin 5, or pin 20
handshaking, and selection of a
BUSY line polarity.

The interface comes with
either a male DB25 on a three-
foot cable or a PCB mounting
female DB25, making it compat-
ible as a replacement for the
Commodore 1011 A,

Included in the $39.95 retail
price is a BASIC terminal pro-
gram which can be typed in.

Omnitronix Incorporated
P.O. Box 43

Mercer Island, WA 98040
(206) 236-2983

The NOMAD personal robot for the Commodore 64 retails for $279.95.

Personal Robot
For 64s

Genesis Computer Corporation
has introduced NOMAD, a per-
sonal robot for use with the
Commodore 64.

NOMAD is driven by step-
per motors, and can move for-
ward, reverse, right, and left. It
has ultrasonic "eyesight" which
allows it to detect objects in its
path.

NOMAD's robot control
language allows the user to cre-
ate complex patterns of move-
ment. The robot also can be
controlled through a joystick,
NOMAD plugs into the 64's
user port and comes with its
own power supply and a 25-
foot cord.

An optional BASIC en-
hancement cartridge is available
which adds NOMAD control
commands such as AHEAD,
BACK, LEFT, and RIGHT.

NOMAD has a suggested
retail price of $179,95, The
BASIC cartridge retails for
$39,95,

Genesis Computer Corporation
1444 Linden Street
P.O. Box 1143
Bethlehem. PA 18018
(215) 861-0850

64 Productivity
Software

PFS-.FILE and PFS-.REPORT, pre-
viously available only for IBM
and Apple computers, have

COMPUTEI's Gazette January

137

NEWSScPRODUCTS

been released for the Commo-
dore 64 by Software Publishing
Corporation.

PFS:F1LE works like a paper
filing system, allowing the user
to record, retrieve, update, and
review information. Data can be
organized on forms which are
user-designed.

PFS:REPORT sorts, calcu-
lates, formats, and prints sum-
mary tables from the information
in files created with PFSiFILE. It
prints multiple columns per re-
port, including three calculated
columns.

Totals, subtotals, averages,
subaverages, counts, and sub-
counts can be printed for every
column. The software also has
sorting capabilities, as well as
automatic page numbering, title
printing, and centering.

PFS:F1LE retails for $79.95.
PFSiREPORT is available for
$69.95.

Software Publishing Corporation
1901 Landiuj^s Drive
Mountain Vino, CA 94043
(415) 962-8910

Real Estate
Game,

Hardware For
VIC And 64

Real Estate 64, a Monopoly-type
game with 3-D graphics for the
Commodore 64, has been intro-
duced by Handle Software.

The firm also has intro-
duced Vic-Switch, a multi-user
disk system for the VIC and 64;
Super Box 64, an expansion unit
for the 64; and a 300 baud
modem,

138 COMPUTEI's Gazelte January

Real Estate 64, available on
disk for $49.95, includes tradi-
tional Monopoly features such
as buying streets, going to jail,
chance, and the use of dice.

The Vic-Switch was devel-
oped for educational use, but
can be used in any situation
where more than one person
needs access to the same disk or
printer. Up to eight VlC-20s or
C-64s can be hooked up to one
Vic-Switch. All CPUs have ac-
cess to disk drive and printer.
Retail price is $149.95.

The Super Box 64 allows up
to three cartridges to be plugged
in simultaneously. Other fea-
tures include an lEEIZ interface,
reset function, and multi-user
capabilities. It retails for
$149.95.

The 300-baud modem
($149.95) is switch controlled,
allowing either originate or an-
swer options. It connects to the
user port of the VIC or 64.

Hamiic Softicare Inc.
520 Felion'ship Road
Mount Latiret, Nj 08054
(609) 866-1001

VIC-20 Keyboard
Program Module

Micromechanisms, Inc. has in-
troduced a Keyboard Program
Module which, when combined
with a VIC-20, creates a multi-
function ASCII encoded key-
board for use with more
sophisticated computers.

The plug-in module does
not physically modify the VIC-
20, allowing the computer to
continue to run applications and
games. The module also con-

verts VIC function keys into
special character codes required
by the Wordstar word processor.
Suggested retail price is $35.

Quality Electronics Inc.
Micromechanisms Division Inc.
P.O. Box 1150
112 Maple Avenue
Dublin, PA 18917
(215) 249-0331

The address and telephone
numbers for Mosaic Electron-
ics, maker of the Access-M
memory expansion system for
the Commodore 64, is P.O.
Box 708, Oregon City, OR,
97045; (toll free) 1 -800-2 ADD-
RAM or (503) 653-7885. The
information was inadvertantly
omitted from the December
News & Products section.

New Educational
Software Series
For The 64

Orbyte Software has introduced
a line of 56 home educational
software tUles^Challengeware —
for the Commodore 64.

Geared primarily for chil-
dren from pre-school through
upper elementary grades, the
110 programs are divided into
nine areas: pre-school concepts,
mathematics, grammar, science,
social studies, economics, read-
ing, foreign language, and logic
and strategy.

The programs retail for
$39.95 each.

Orbyte Software
P.O'. Box 948
Waterbury, CT 06720
(203) 621-9361

Utility Programs
For 64

The Stress Manager, a biofeed-
back monitoring system, and
HomePak, a utility program,
have been introduced for the
Commodore 64 by Batteries
Included.

The Stress Manager allows
home computer owners to as-
sess their thought patterns and
physiological impulses in order
to gain an understanding of fac-
tors which contribute to stress.

It uses a galvanic skin resis-
tance (G.S.R.) method to mea-
sure a user's vital statistics, A
pair of fingertip pads measure
fluctuations in the skin's electri-
cal conductivity, and these im-
pulses are transmitted to The
Stress Manager for analysis.

After the results are inter-
preted, they are displayed on
three graphs. Another feature is
an audio cassette, which in-
cludes methods of relaxation
and stress reduction.

Suggested retail price is
$79.95.

HomePak combines on one
disk a telecommunications ter-
minal program, an information
management system, and a
word processor for a suggested
retail price of $49.95.

Each of the HomePak pro-
grams is capable of reading files
created by the others.

HomcTerm, the telecom-
munications program, features a
text edit window which is avail-
able for simultaneous text cre-
ation and reception. The user
can define screen color, text
margins, word wrapping, and
key clicking (each keystroke
made audible with a beep). An
on-screen clock keeps track of

the time elapsed since the user
logged onto a bulletin board or
informadon service.

HomeFind, the information
manager program, features an
English command structure to
simplify use. Printed reports
from HomeFind can be used by
the HomeText word processing
program.

HomeText features include
the ability to set margins, inden-
tations, line centering and spac-
ing, and placement of headers,
footers, and page numbers.

It also has the ability to de-
lete portions of text and reinsert
them at any point within the
text body. HomeText is capable
of supporting most major print-
ing functions, including bold-
face, underlining, and extended
character width.

Batteries Induded
3303 Harbor Blvd., Suite C9
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
(714) 979-0920

COMPUTEI's Gazette January

139

NEWSScPRODUCTS

A scene from Spitfire Ace, a neiv
flight simulation game from
MicroProse.

Spitfire Ace For
64

MicroProse Software has an-
nounced Spitfire Ace, a World
War II fighter pilot simulation
game, for the Commodore 64.

Players maneuver their air-
craft through a series of fighter
tactics, including aileron rolls,
loops, split S's, and Immelmann
turns, while engaged in an
aerial dogfight.

Suggested retail price for
Spitfire Ace is $29.95,

MicroProse Software
10616 Beaver Dam Road
Hunt Valh'ii, MD 21030
(301) 667-U51

Art Heist Game

The Heist, a disk-based game for
the Commodore 64 which fea-
tures 90 different booby trapped
rooms, has been introduced by
the MicroFun division of
MicroLab.

The rooms are on three dif-
ferent levels of an art gallery,
and super spy Graham Crackers

140 COMPUTE'S Gazetle January

must maneuver through them in
order to steal the gallery's entire
collection.

Terrorists have hidden
doomsday plans, concealed on a
microdot, on one of the pieces
of art in the gallery. You must
find it In time to avoid
destruction.

Suggested retail price is $35.
MicroFun

2699 Skokie Valley Road
Highland Park, IL 60035
(312) 433-7550

Commodore
Voice Command
Module

GNC Manufacturing, Inc. has
introduced Chirpee, a module
which allows Commodore com-
puters to receive and interpret
selected commands.

According to product devel-
opers, Chirpee can accept com-
mands spoken in any language
because of its phonetic recogni-
tion ability, and can be trained
to respond to one voice, or a
number of voices.

Suggested retail price for
Chirpee is $179.95.

ENG Manufacturing, !uc.
4304 W. Saturn Way
Chandler, AZ 85224
(602)961-0165

64 Math Game

Divex, a math game designed to
improve children's understand-
ing of multiplication and divi-
sion, has been introduced by
Intelligence Quest Software, a

division of The Avalon Hill
Game Company.

The game contains three
difficulty levels. The player, at
the controls of a laser cannon,
must choose between correct
and incorrect answers by de-
stroying the wrong answers
before they can touch down.

In all cases, when the
player destroys a correct answer
by mistake, the computer will
sound out and flash the correct
answer on the screen.

Divex is designed for chil-
dren 8-12 years old. Suggested
retail price is $16 for the cas-
sette version, and $21 for the
disk.

Intelligence Quest Software
The Avalon Hill Game Company
4517 Harford Road
Baltimore, MD 21214
(301) 254-5300

64 Advertising

Display

Program

AdvertiserOne, a program to dis-
play user-designed messages on
the Commodore 64, has been
announced by MicroAds.

The display messages are
generated and maintained with
the Commodore 64's standard
screen editor. Displays can be
based on message files and a
standard command file which
comes with the system, or with
a user-created command file
that can control the sequence,
color, and text of the displays.

Message display features in-
clude: heading, subheading, and
main message areas; ability to

NEWSScPRODUCTS

change heading, subheading,
and main message text at any
time; use of multiple message
text and background colors;
automatic text centering; and
sprite graphic designs.

Suggested retail price is
$19.95.

MicroAds

145 East Normati Drive
Palatine, !L 60067
(312) 991-9415

Typing Program
For 64

Type town Races, a touch typing
tutorial for the Commodore 64,
has been introduced by Softech.

The program, first in a se-
ries of self-improvement pack-
ages from Softech, contains
more than 100 lessons, al! of
which are designed to teach
touch typing. Included are the
complete upper- and lowercase
alphabetic, numeric, and special
character keys. Users can
progress at their own speed.

Typetoivu Races is available
on disk for $24.95.

Softech

16 Sugar Maple Street

Kitchener, Ontario

N2N 1X5

Canada

(519) 744-5586

Nezv product releases are selected
from submissions for reasons of
timeliness, u>i!t]uci!ess, available
space, and general interest. Readers
should be azvare that hJcxos & Prod-
ucts often contaiiis an edited version
of material suhrniiied by vendors. We
are unable to vouch for its accuracy
at time of publication. (Q|

BRITISH INTELLIGENCE

INTRODUCES GAMES WITH INTELLIGENCE - AND FREE WORD PROCESSING 1 1 1

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1-313-669-3123

CIVID64 / TRS80C / IBMPC / VIC20 / 1199

CCMPUTE!'s SazBtte January

141

iHow To Type
COMPUTEl's GA^pTE Progra

^ .^M^'

Each month, COMPUTErs GAZETTi'puBtfshes programs "
for the VIC-20, Commodore 64, Plus 4, and 16. Each
program is clearly marked by titic and version. Be sure
to type in the correct version for your machine. Also,
carefully read the instructions in the corresponding
artjcie. This can save time and eliminate any questions
which might arise after you begin t^'ping.

We publish two programs, appearing in alternat-
ing months, designed to make your typing effort eas-
ier: The Automatic Proofreader, and MLX, designed
for entering machine language programs,

When entering a BASIC program, be especially
careful with DATA statements as they are extremely
sensitive to errors. A mistyped number in a DATA
statement can cause your machine to "iock up" {youTl
have no control over the computer). If this happens,
the only recourse is to turn your computer off then
back on, erasing whatever was in memory. So be sure
to save a copy of your program before you run it. if your
computer crashes, you can always reload:^th^^pro§ram
and look for the error. ^^^^^$^$^'

Specicd Characters -^^^^^^^

Most of the programs listed in each issue contain spe-
cial control characters. To facilitate typing in any pro-
grams from the GAZETTH, use the following listing
conventions.

The most common type of control characters in
our listings appear as words within braces: {DOWN}
means to press the cursor down key; {5 spaces}
means to press the space bar five times.

To indicate that a key should be shifted (hold
down the SHIFF key while pressing another key), the

character is lindeVimM.' For eiahipTe
down the the SHIFT key and press A. You may see
strange characters on your screen, but that's to be ex-
pected, if you find a number followed by an under- v-a^^-
lined key enclosed in braces (for example, {8 A}), ^^^^^^
type the key as many times as indicated (in our sxrs^jCjC^^^
ample, enter eight SHlFTed A's). -J^S^S^^^

If a key is enclosed in special brackets, i I , hold
down the Commodore key (at the lower left comer of ,s
the keyboard) and press the indicated character.

Rarely, you'll see a single letter of the alphabet
enclosed in braces. This can bo entered on the Com-
modore 64 by pressing the CTRL key while typing the
letter in braces. For example, {A} means to press
CTRL-A.

The €Luote Mode

Although you can move the cursor around the screen
with the CRSR keys, often a programmer will want to
move the cursor under program control. This is seen
in examples such as {LEFT}, and {HOME} in the pro-
gram listings. The only way the computer can tell the
difference between direct and programmed cursor ,^
control is the quote mode. -^

Once you press the quote key, you're in quote
mode. This mode can be confusing if you mistype a
character and cursor left to change it. You'll see a
reverse video character (a graphics symbol for cursor
left). In this case, you can use the DELete key to back
up and edit the line. Type another quote and you're
out of quote mode. If things really get confusing, you ,^
can exit quote mode simply by pressing RETURN. ""^
Then just cursor up to the mistyped line and fix it.

I

When You Read:

Piess:

See:

SMtFT

CI.R.HOME

H

Iii3]El

SHtFT

*-CitSR-»j 11

-CRSH-

nj

When Vou Read:

See:

CTRL

M

I sifirr

siiirr

SHIFT

siirFf

(I

fi

" i

"

n

(5

(5

!7

n

When you Read:

Press;

See:,

G-'i^IE

For Commodote 64 Only

'h#Automatic Proof re

'The Automatic Proofreader" will Iwlp yo" tyfn- in program
.-vUstings fmin COMt'UTFj'sGJwttc without typing mistji«?s. It
"^ 3 short error-chi'tking program th.it hidiis itself in memory.
"When aclivnted, it lets you know immt-diately after typing a

line from a prof^vivm lislinj^ if you have made n mistake.

Please read these instructions catefuliy before typing any

programs in COMPUTE!'s Gazelle ,

Preparing The Proofreader

1. Using the fisting helow, type in the Proufreatler. Ihc
same program works on both the VIC-2fl and Commodore
64, He ven* careful when entering the DATA statements —
don't type an I instead of a 1 , an O instciKl of a !), extra
commas, elc.

2. SAVE the Proofreader on tape or disk at least Ivvice
before riiiininf^ it foi' the first Umc. This is very important because
the Proofreader erases this part of itself wben you first type
RUN.

3. After the Proofreader is SAVKd, type RUN, It will
check itself for typing errors in tile DATA statements and

J^Awarn you if there's a mistake. C'oiTerl any errors and SAVK
V^^^thG corrected version. Keep a copy in a safe place — you'll

need it again and again, every time you enter a program

from COMrUTRi's Gazette.

4. When a correct version tvf the Proofreader is RUN, it
activates itself. You are now ready to enter a program listing,
if you press RUN/SlOP-RiiSTOKr;, the Proofreader is dis-
abled. To reactivate it, just type the command SYS 886 nnd
press KK rURN.

Using The Proof reoder

All VIC and M listings in COMl'UTKI's Gazette now have a
diccksuiii (i/(;ii()i.'r appended to the end of each line, forexample
":ren-i 123",. Diiii't eiiler this stali'inaii ii^hai i}/}ni'<^ inu program.
It is just for your information. The rem makes the number
harmless if someone does type it in. ft will, however, use up
niemon' if you enter it, and it will confuse the Proofreader,
even if you entered the rest of (he line correctly.

When you type in a line from a program listing and
press RETURN, the Proofreader displays a number at the
tup of your screen. This checksum luimhcr must match llie
cinxksuiii iitinibcr hi the printed tisliiif^. If it doesn't, ii ukmhs
you typed ihe line difterently than the way it is listed, hn-
mediatefy recheck your typing. Remember, tlon't type the
rem statement with the checksum number, it is published
only so you can check it against the number which appears
on your screen.

The Proofreader is not picky with spaces. It will not
notice extra spaces or missing ones. This is for your conven-
ience, since spacing is generally not important. But occasion-
ally proper spacing is important, so be extra careful with
spaces, since the I'roofreader will catch practically everything
else tiiat c.u'^ go wrong.

Ibcrc's anttther thing to watch out for: if you enter the
line by using abbreviations for commands, the checksum
will not match op. Hut there is a way to make the Proofreader
check it. Alter entering the line, LIST it. This eliminaies the
abbreviations. Then move the cursor up lo the line and press
RETURN'. !t should now match the check.sum. You can check
whole groups of lines this way.

Special Tape SAVE Instructions

Wlien you're done typing a listing, you must disable the
Proofreader before SA'VEing the program on tape. Disable
the Proofreader by pre.ssing KUN/sfoP-RESTORE (hold
down the RUN/STOP key and sharply hit the REiSTORE
key). Tills urocedore is not necessai-v for disk SAVEs, but won

SAVE to tape erases the Proofreader from memory, so
you'll have to LOAD and RUN it again if you want to type
another listing. SAVE lo disk does not erase the Proofreader
Since the Proofreader is a machine language program
stored in the cassette buffer, it will be erased during a tape
SAVE or LOAD. If you intend to type in a program in more
than one sitting or wish to make a safety SAVE, follow this
procedure:

1. LOAD and RUN the Proofreader.

2. Disable it by pressing RUN/STOP-RnSTOKE.

3. Tj'pe the following three lines in direct mode
(without line numbers):

A$="PROOFREADER.T":B$»="il0 SPACES!" !F0

RX=1T04:A$=A5+B$:NEXTX

FORX=886 TO lOlS tA?=A$+CHR$ ( PEEK(X) ) jtJ

EXTX

OPENi, l,i,AS:CLOSEl

After you type the last line, you will be asked to press
RECORD and PLA'V. We recommend you start at the begin-
ning of a new tape.

You now have a new version of the Proofreader
(PROOFREADER,?, as renamed in the above code). Turni
your computer off and on, then LOAD the program you
were working on. Put the cassette containing
PROOEREADER.T into the tape unit and type:
OPENl:CLOSEl

You can now get into the Proofreader bv typing SYS
886. To test thi.s, PRINT PEEK (386) .should return the num-
ber 173. If it does not, repeat the steps above, making sure
that A$ (PROOEREADER.T) contains 13 characters and that
8$ contains 10 spaces.

The new version of Automatic Proofreader will load
itself into the cassette buffer whenever you type
OPENLCLOSEl and PROOEREADER.T is the next program^
on your tape. It \\-iU not disturb the contents of BASIC

AutoinmlcProoIreadefFor'vtC And 64

100 PRINT" {CLRl PLEASE WAIT . . . " : PORI=:886TO

10I8!READA:CK=CK+A:t>OKEI,A:NEXT
110 IF CK0 17539 THEN PRINT" [DOWtfi YOU IWD ;

E AN ERROR"; PRINT" IN DATA STATEMENTS.

":ENC

SYS886: PRINT" {CLRj {2 DQWN}PR00FR!SADER;
ACTIVATED. ": NEW

DATA 173,036,003,201,150,208

DATA 001,095,141,151,003,173 \>

DATA 037,003,141,152,003,169

DATA 150,141,036,003,169,003

DATA 141,037,003,169,000,133

DATA 254,096,032,087,241,133

DATA 251,134,252,132,253,008

DATA 201,013,240,017,201,032

DATA 240,005,024,101,254,133

DATA 254,155,251,166,252,164

DATA 253,040,096,169,013,032

DATA 210,255,165,214,141,251

DATA 003,205,251,003,169,000

I

;^

120

886

892

898

904

910

916

922

928

934

940

-946

952

958

964

970

976

982

988

994

1000

1006

DATA 133,216,169,019,032,210
DATA 255,169,018,032,210,255
DATA 169,058,032,210,255,166
DATA 254,169,000,133.254,172
DATA 151,003,192,087,206,006
DATA 032,205,189,076,235,003
DATA 032,205,221,169,032,032
DATA 210,255,032,210,255,173
DATA 251,003,133,214.076,173
DATA

Bug-Swatter:

Modilications And Corrections

• Programs 2 and 3 from "Machine Language
For Beginners" {November 1984) were in-
advertently omitted from the "Program Listings"
section. They are the BASIC loader programs
(the equivalent of the source code included in the
article) which were mentioned on page 132. The
two programs follow:

VIC Memorv Display

800 FOR ADRES=83BT0859:READ DATTA
810 POKE ADRES.DATTAtNEXT ADRES
830 DATA 169, 5, 160, 0, 153, 0
836 DATA 148, 153, 0, 149, 136, 208
842 DATA 247, 162, 0, 181, 0, 157
848 DATA 0, 16, 189, 0, 2, 157
854 DATA 0, 17, 202, 76, 77, 3

64 Memory Display

800 FOR ADRES=830TO877:READ DATTA
810 POKE ADRES, DATTA: NEXT ADRES
830 DATA 169, 7, 160, 0, 153, 0
836 DATA 216, 153, 0, 217, 153, 0
842 DATA 218, 153, 0, 219, 136, 208
848 DATA 241, 162, 0, 181, 0, 157
854 DATA 0, 4, 189, 0, 2, 157
860 DATA 0, 5, 189, 0, 208, 157
866 DATA 0, 6, 189, 0, 220, 157
872 DATA 0, 7, 202, 76, 83, 3

• Last month, we published a suggestion from a
reader in Gazette Feedback ("An End To Disk
Drive Chatter"), Several readers called to inform
us that it sometimes doesn't work with Easy
Script, and that their drives wouldn't read any
files even after turning the drive off and on. No
cause for alarm, however. We duplicated the
problem once, and the drive locked up (although
subsequent tests worked fine, eliminating disk
drive chatter). Although the suggested technique
works with most commercial programs, if your
drive shouid lock up, the solution is to initialize
the drive with this command:

OPEN15,8,15,"I0":CLOSE15.

• The article for "Screen-80" (September 1984)
stated that the program was compatible with the
terminal software packaged with the 1650
Automodem. It is compatible, except that you
can't use the function keys to change terminal
parameters. If you want to be able to change
parameters, follow this procedure:

1. Load 64 Tcriu

144 COMPUTE! S Gazette January

2. Type this line (in immediate mode):

POKE44,64: POKE 16384,0: NEW

3. Enter this short program to modify 64 Term:

10 FORT=4634TQ4644 : READD: POKET, D; NEXT

20 DATA 32,198,2,169,14,32,210,255,76,229

,14
30 P0KE2283 , 76 : P0KE2284 , 26 : POKE2285 , 18
40 POKE45, 38;POKE46, 18 : POKE44 , 8 :CLR

If the label on your terminal software says
Autotcrm, don't use the above program. Instead,
enter this one:

10 FOR T= 5633T05643:READD: POKET, DjNEXT
20 DATA 32,198,2,169,14,32,210,255,76,87,

16
30 P0KE2664 , 76 : POKE2665 , 1 t P0KE2666 , 22
40 POKE45 , 13 : POKE46 , 22 : POKE44 , 8 ! CLR

4. Type RUN. The above program makes some
modifications to 64 Term.

5. Save this new version to a new disk or tape
(be sure to keep the original 64 Term).

Once you've created the new 64 Term, you
can load and run Screen-80. Get out of 80-
column mode with RUN/STOP-RESTORE.
Next, load and run the modified 64 Term.
Change the parameters, using f4. When finished,
press the E key. Instead of exiting to BASIC,
you'll enter terminal mode (with 80-columns)
with the new parameters set. We have tested
these two modifications with different versions of
64 Term and Autoterm. There may, however, be
other versions of these two programs, and Com-
modore may make changes in the future.

Readers might also note that our sister
magazine, COMPUTE!, is planning to run a termi-
nal program in the first few months of 1985. This
program will be compatible with Screen-80, and
can be used to access standard-ASCII bulletin
boards and information networks.

• Reader Barry Friedman has pointed out an
error in the "Gazette Feedback" item "PEEKing
The joystick" (November 1984). The example on
page 12 should read IF (PEEK(56320)AND16) = 0
THEN PRINT "FIRE". The " = 0" is important
because joystick movements turn bits off (making
them zero) rather than turning them on.

• There are no errors in the "Turtle Graphics"
programs from October 1984; however, the arti-
cle contained some tvpographical errors on page
93, under "How It Works". The start of BASIC is
moved up to $4000, leaving $0800-$3FFF free
(not $0800-$03FF). The sprite definitions do not
go into the last 512 bytes of this free area — they
are put into $OE0O-$OFFF (decimal 3584-4095). m

Tiny MLX ^iSX'Sr'"'*

For Unexpanded VIC-20

Charles Brannon, Program Editor

Note To Readers

This IS I ho final appearance of Tinif MLX in
the Gazette, !n order ta better use space in the
magazine and to help eliminate confusion for
those typing in programs, all VIC machine lan-
guage programs listed in MLX format will re-
quire VIC MIX. MLX, both VIC and 64
versions, ivUl appear in alternate months. The
use of VIC MLX requires 8K memory expan-
sion, although expansion is often not required
to run an MLX-eniered VIC program (notes are
ahvays included in the article).

MLX is a labor-saving utility that allows
almost fail-safe entrj^ of machine language
programs published in computei's gazette.
You need to know nothing about machine lan-
guage to use MLX~it was designed for every-
one. "Tiny MLX" is a special version for the
unexpanded VIC.

MLX is a new way to enter long machine lan-
guage (ML) programs with a minimum of fuss.
MLX lets you enter the numbers from a special
list that looks similar to BASIC DATA state-
ments. It checks your typing on a iine-by-line
basis. It won't let you enter illegal characters
when you should be typing numbers. It won't let
you enter numbers greater than 255 (forbidden in
ML). It won't let you enter the wrong numbers
on the wrong line. In addition, MLX creates a
ready-to-use tape or disk file.

Using MLX

Type in and save 'Tiny MLX" (you'll want to
use it in the future). When you're ready to type
in an ML program, run Tiny MLX, Unlike regular
MLX, Tiny MLX does not ask for the starting and
ending address of the program to be entered. In-
stead, this information must be included in line
210. The values currently shown in line 210 are
for the "Kablam!" program in this issue. It's also
necessary to change lines 100 and 763 to use
Tiny MLX with Kablam!, so be sure to check
these lines if you're using an earlier version of

Tiny MLX, Refer to the article on page 60 for
details.

You'll see a prompt corresponding to the
starting address. The prompt is the current line
you are entering from the listing, it increases by
six each time you enter a line. That's because
each line has seven numbers — six actual data
numbers plus a checksum number. The checksum
verifies that you typed the previous six numbers
correctly. If you enter any of the six numbers
wrong, or enter the checksum wrong, the com-
puter rings a buzzer and prompts you to reenter
the line. If you enter it correctly, a bell tone
sounds and you continue to the next line,

MLX accepts only numbers as input. If you
make a typing error, press the INST/DEL key;
the entire number is deleted. You can press it as
many times as necessary back to the start of the
line, If you enter three-digit numbers as listed,
the computer automatically prints the comma
and goes on to accept the next number. If you
enter less than three digits, you can press either
the comma, space bar, or RETURN key to ad-
vance to the next numbr. The checksum auto-
matically appears in reverse video for emphasis.

MLX Commands

When you finish typing an ML listing, you can
then save the completed program on tape or
disk. Follow the screen instructions. If you get
any errors while saving, you probably have a
bad disk, or the disk is full, or you made a typo
when entering the MLX program itself.

Since Tiny MLX has no provisions for
reloading a partially completed program, you
must enter the ML program all in one sitting.

See program listing on page 173.

All programs listed

in this magazine

are available on

the GAZETTE Disk.

See elsewhere in

this issue for details.

COMPUWs Gazette Januaiy

14S

Telecommunications
Software

77ii' Ihliii^ below is the second half o( the C/C Bulletin Board
System. Part 1 and the article with instructions ot\ use were
puhlisheti /ns/ monllt. Do tiot enter Pari 2 utitil i/div Itave com-
pleted typiti}' ill Part 1 and you understand the procedure as
outlined in the Commands section of the MLX article published
last tnontli. Load MLX, and use a starting address of 2049 and
an ending address of 17828. Then type SHIFT-L to load Part I
and f'<;^'/N enlerinj; the /isfinj; below.

Note To Readers And Disk Subscribers

Thu C/G Bulletin Board as listed in this and the Decem-
bur issut's, and as published on the December disk, runs
as expected. However, the board can crash if a caller di-
als the board and hangs up before connecting. We have
corrected this problem on the January disk and will pub-
lish the correction in next month's "Bug-5vvalter." Those
typing the program in should not hesitate to continue as
the correction will POKE several new values into the fi-
nal program. Non-disk subscribers who would rather not
wail may write or call for the correction.

Also note that all user IDs must start with U101.
They can then run up to 1999. As the system operator,
your built-in ID is 1000, but you can't create a user file
with this number.

C/G Bulletin Board, Part 2

9759 {091,038,169,024,141,043,025
9765 : 025, 169, 065, 141, 044, 025, 250
9771 :032, 034, 025, 096, 032, 091, 097
9777 : 038, 169, 030, 141, 043, 025, 239
9783 ; 169, 065, 141, 044, 025, 03 2, 019
9789 !034 , 025 , 096 , 162 , 000 , 138 , 004
9795 : 157, 049, 07 2, 232, 224, 007, 040
9801 I 208 , 248 , 096 , 141 , 243 ,071,056
9807 : 169, 031, 141, 242, 071, 032, 25 3
9813 ! 189, 022, 173, 243, 07 1,096, 111
9819 ! 141, 243, 071, 169, 144, 141, 232
9825 : 242 ,071 ,032 ,189 , 022 , 173 , 058
9831 ! 243, 07 1,096, 174, 161, 069, 149
9837 ;224,000, 208,012, 174,014,229
9843 ! 070, 224, 000, 240, 009, 206, 096
9849 :014,070,198, 252,206, 161,254
9855 : 069, 096, 096, 238, 161,069,088
9861 : 174 , 161 , 069 , 224 , 000 , 208, 201
9867 :005, 238, 014, 070, 230, 25 2, 180
9873 ; 096 , 162 , 000 , 142 , 014 , 071 , 1 18
9879 J 174, 014, 071, 189, 049, 07 2, 208
9885 s 201, 013, 240, 014, 172, 161, 190
9891 1069,145,251,238,014,071,18 3
9897 =032,130,038,076,151,038,122
9903 : 096, 162, 000, 142, 014, 07 1,148
9909 1 174 ,014 , 071 , 189 , 001 ,072 ,190
9915 t 201, 000, 240, 006, 032, 199, 097
9921 1038,076,181,038,169,0 32,215
9927 tl7 2, 16 1,069, 145, 25 1,238, 211
9933 8014,071,032,130,038,096,074
9939 : 169,032,032,210, 255,096, 237
9945 : 169, 150, 13 3, 251, 169, 082, 147
9951 : 133, 252, 160, 000, 140, 161, 045
9957 : 069, 172, 161, 069, 17 7, 25 1,104
9963 : 141, 243, 071, 141, 242, 07 1,120
9969 1032,189,022,032,130,038,17 2
9975 : 173, 243, 071, 201,000, 208, 119
9981 ! 23 2, 032, 120, 045. 032, 048, 250
146 COMPUTErs Gazette January

9987 : 046, 032, 004, 038, 032, 176,075
9993 : 025, 032, 189, 022, 173, 242, 180
9999 : 071 , 201 , 048, 208 , 003 , 076, 110
10005 : 088, 040, 041, 015, 141, 031, 121
10011 : 070, 173, 144, 082 , 205 ,031 , 220
10017 !070, 176,006,032,240,037,082
10023 :076, 254,038, 206,031 ,070,202
10029 : 173, 031, 070, 141, 225, 080, 253
10035 : 174, 225, 080, 189, 215, 080, 246
10041 : 141, 226, 080, 17 3, 031, 070, 010
10047 =010,141,145,082,170,189,032
1005 3 =126,086,141,054,072,238,018
10059 =145,082,174,145,082,189,124
10065 =126,086,141,05 5,072,173,222
10071 =054,072,141,049,072,032,251
10077 =213,041,17 3,050,072,141,015
10083 =051,072, 173,054,072,041,050
10089 =015,170, 189, 17 7,067,141,096
10095 ! 052 , 072 ,173,055, 072 , 141 , 164
10101 =049,072,032,213,041,173,185
10107 =050,072, 141,053,072, 173,17 2
10113 =055,072,041,015,170,189,159
10119 =177,067,141,054,072,174,052
10125 =031,070,189,050,087,141,197
10131 1242,071,024,173,242,071,202
10137 =105,003,141,242,071,172,119
10143 =031,070,190,146,086,142,056
10149 =148,082,024,169,156,109,085
10155 ! 148 , 082 , 141 , 242 ,103,133,252
10161 =251,169,086,105,000,141,161
10167 : 243, 103, 133, 252, 032, 237, 159
10173 =054,162, 002, 142, 014, 071, 122
10179 =162,000,142, 161,069,142,103
10185 : 149, 070, 142, 150,070,032,046
10191 =204,255,172,161,069,177,221
10197 =251, 174, 014, 07 1,157, 226, 082
10203 =067,032,210,255,032,130,177
10209 =038,238,014,071,174,014,006
10215 =071,236, 242, 071, 208, 2 28, 007
10221 =169,001,174,160,069,160,202
10227 =002,032,186,255,173,014,137
10233 =071,162,226,160,067,032,199
10239 =189,255,032,192,255,173,071
10245 =242,071,162,001,032,198,199
10251 =255,032,204,25 5,169,004,162
10257 =141,242,071,032,189,022,20 2
10263 1032,101,022,173,242,071,152
10269 : 201, 017, 208, 246, 17 3, 051, 157
10275 =072,141,242,071,032,189,014
10281 =022,173,052,07 2,141,242,231
10287 =071,032,189,022,173,053,075
1029 3 : 072, 141, 242, 07 1,032, 189, 032
10299 =022,173,054,072,141,242,251
10305 =071,032,189,022,17 3,226,010
10311 =080,141,242,071,032,189,058
10317 =022,032,101,022,173,242,157
10323 =071,201,003,208,014,032,100
10329 =204,255,169,001,032,195,17 7
10335 =255,032,089,045,076,2 28,052
10341 :011, 201, 027, 208, 228, 162, 170
10347 =000,142,148,070,142,149,246
10353 =070,142,150,070,142,147,066
10359 =070,032,120,045,169,058,101
10365 =141,151,070,162,000,142,023
10371 =014,071, 032, 2 33, 022, 173, 164
10377 =242,071,174,014,071,157,098
10383 =110,070,238,014,071,032,166
10389 =19 5,029,17 3,088,07 2,201,139
10395 =064,208,008, 162,001,142,223
10401 =147,070,076,173,040,174,07 3

X0407 ! 014, 071, 224, 036, 208, 2 16, 168
10413 : 169, 001, 141, 161, 069, 160, 106
10419 ; 000, 140, 023, 070, 172, 023, 095
10425 : 070, 185, 110, 070, 141,049,042
10431 :072, 238,023,070, 174,014,014
10437 5 071,236,023,070,144,048,021
10443 : 032, 2 13, 041, 17 3, 050, 072, 016
10449 1 174, 161, 069, 157, 151, 070, 223
10455 : 141, 148, 070, 238, 161, 069, 018
10461 £032,194,041,173,049,072,014
10467 : 041, 015, 170, 189, 177, 067, 118
10473 : 174, 161, 069, 157, 151, 070, 247
10479 : 141, 148, 070, 238, 161, 069, 042
10485 : 03 2, 194, 041, 076, 183, 040, 043
10491 : 173, 149,070, 141,049,072, 137
10497 1032,213,041,173,050,072,070
10503 ! 174, 161,069,157, 151,070,021
10509 ! 238, 161, 069, 17 3, 049, 072, 007
10515 ! 041, 015, 170, 189, 177, 067, 166
10521 ; 174, 161, 069, 157, 151, 070, 039
10527 t238, 161,069,173,150,070, 124
10533 : 141, 049, 072, 032, 213, 041, 073
105 39 1173,050,072,174,161,069,230
10545 : 157, 151, 070, 238, 161, 069, 127
10551 : 173, 049, 072, 041, 015, 170, 063
105 57 : 189, 17 7, 067, 174, 161, 069, 130
10563 : 157 , 151 , 070, 2 38, 161 , 069, 145
10569 :169,013, 174, 161,069, 157,048
10575 ! 151,070,032, 204, 255, 162, 185
10581 S000, 142, 024, 070, 174, 024, 007
10587 : 070, 189, 151, 070, 141, 242, 186
10593 5 071,238,024,070,173,242,147
10599 :071,032, 189,022, 173, 242,064
10605 £071,201,013,208,231,032,097
10611 : 101, 022, 173, 242, 071, 201, 157
10617 s 027, 208, 010, 174, 147, 070, 245
10623 : 224, 001, 240, 021, 076, 106, 027
10629 1 040 , 201 , 003 , 208 , 043 ,032,148
10635 ! 204, 255, 169, 001, 032, 195, 227
10641 : 255, 032, 089, 045, 076, 228, 102
10647 : 01 1,169, 005, 141, 242, 071, 022
10653 1032,244,036,169,001,032,159
10659 r 195, 255, 032, 101, 022, 173, 173
1066 5 : 242, 071, 201, 017, 208, 246, 130
10671 : 0 32, 120,045,076,2 28,011,175
10677 : 201, 018, 208, 006, 032, 120, 254
10683 : 045, 076, 081, 041, 076, 114, 108
10689 (041,024,173,148,070,109,246
10695 : 149, 070, 141, 149, 070, 173, 183
10701 ! 150, 070, 105, 000, 141, 150, 053
10707 1070,096,173,049,072,041,200
10713 : 240, 024, 074, 074, 074, 074, 009
10719 : 170,189, 177,067,141,050, 249
10725 1072,096, 173, 049, 07 2, 201, 124
10731 1058,144,015,041,015,024,020
10737 1105,009,010,010,010,010,139
10743 1141,050,072,076,006,042,122
10749 1041,015,010,010,010,010,093
10755 t 141 , 050 , 072 , 096 , 173 , 049 , 072
10761 1072,201,058,144,011,041,024
10767 1015,024, 105,009,141,049, 102
10773 1072,076,030,042,041,015,041
10779 1141,049,072,173,049,072,071
10785 : 013, 050, 072, 141, 049, 072, 174
10791 1096,169,021,141,242,071,011
10797 1032,244,036,032,101,022,000
10803 : 173 , 242 , 071 , 201 , 017 , 240 ,2 27
10809 1007,201,003,208,242,076,026
10815 1088,040,032,101,022,173,007

10821 1242,071,141,051,072,032,166

10827 1101,022,173,242,071,141,057

10833 1052,072,032,101,022,173,021

10839 1242,071,141,053,072,032,186

10845 : 101, 022, 173, 242, 071, 141, 075

10851 1054,072,032,101,022,173,041

10857 1242,071,141,226,080,162,003

10863 1000,142,014,071,032,101,215

10869 1022,17 3,242,071,201,013,071

10875 1240,012,174,014,071,157,023

10881 1121,072,238,014,071,076,209

10887 1115,042,174,014,071,169,208

10893 1087,157,121,072,238,014,062

10899 1071,174,014,071,142,160,011

10905 1072,142,147,082,17 3,226,227

10911 1080,141,185,103,173,051,124

10917 1072,141,049,072,032,231,250

10923 1041, 173,052,072,141,049,187

10929 1072,032,007,042,173,049,040

10935 1072,141,146,072,173,053,072

10941 1072,141,049,072,032,231,018

10947 1041,173,054,072,141,049,213

10953 107 2,032,007,042,173,049,064

10959 1072,141,147,072,173,146,190

10965 1072,205,066,104,144,045,081

10971 1173,147,072,205,067,104,219

10977 1144,037,032,204,255,169,042

10983 1094,169,195,032,210,255, 162

10989 1169,075,141,043,025,169,091

10995 1068,141,044,025,032,034,075

11001 1025,032,204,255,169,003,169

11007 1141,242,071,032,244,0 36,253

11013 1076,228,011,056,173,066,103

11019 1104,237,146,072,141,066,009

11025 1104,173,067, 104, 237, 147, 081

11031 1072,141,067,104,032,204,131

11037 1255,169,001,174,160,069,089

11043 1160,002,032,186,255,169,071

11049 1010,162,178,160,103,032,174

11055 1189,255,032,192,255,032,234

11061 1102,027,174,227,080,224,119

11067 J 000, 240, 027, 169,001,032,016

11073 1195,255,032,204,255,169,151

11079 1003,141,242,071,032,244,036

11085 1036,162,000,142,228,080,213

11091 1142,227,080,076,228,011,079

11097 1174,183,103,232,224,058,039

11103 1208,027,162,048,142,183,097

11109 1103,174,182,103,232,224,095

11115 1058,208,008,162,048,142,221

11121 1182,103,076,127,043,142,018

11127 1182,103,076,127,043,142,024

11133 1183,103,032,120,045,162,002

11139 1000,142,014,071,169,027,042

11145 1141,242,071,032,244,036,135

11151 1032,101,022,173,242,071,016

11157 1201,058,208,012,032,204,096

11163 1255,173,242,071,032,210,114

11169 1255,076,200,043,201,005,173

11175 1208,024,032,204,255,169,035

11181 1001,032,19 5,255, 162 , 002 , 052

11187 1032,201,255,169,017,032,117

11193 1210,25 5,032,204,255,07 6,193

11199 1254,044,201,003,208,006,139

11205 1076,219,044,032,101,022,179

11211 1173,242,071,032,210,255,162

11217 1174,014,071,173,242,071,186

11223 1157,151,070,238,014,071,148

11229 1173,242,071,201,013,208,105

COMPUTErs Gazette January

147

11235 {228,056,173,014,071,233,234
11241 :005, 141, 014, 071, 141, 240, 077
11247 : 080, 174, 014, 071, 189, 151, 150
11253 :070, 141,049,072,032,231,072
11259 : 041, 238, 014, 071, 174, 014, 035
1126 5 : 071, 189, 151, 070, 141, 049, 160
11271 1072,032,007,042,173,049,126
11277 : 072, 141, 148, 072, 238, 014, 186
11283 1071,174,014,071,189,151,177
11289 ! 070, 141, 049, 072, 032, 231, 108
11295 1041,238,014,071,174,014,071
11301 1071,189,151,070,141,049,196
11307 1072,032,007,042,173,049,162
11313 1072,141,149,072,162,000,133
11319 1142,014,071,142,149,070,131
11325 1142,150,070,174,014,071,170
11331 1024,189,151,070,141,012,142
11337 (071,109,149,070,141,149,250
11343 :070, 173, 150,070,105,000,135
11349 jl41, 150, 070, 238, 014, 071, 001
11355 1174,014,071,236,240,080,138
11361 1144,221,173,148,072,205,036
11367 (149,070,208,069,173,149,152
11373 1072,205,150,070,208,060,106
113 79 1162,000,142,014,071,174,166
11385 1014,071,189,151,070,141,245
11391 1049,072,032, 231,041,238,022
11397 1014,071,174,014,071,189,154
11403 1151,070,141,049,072,032,142
11409 1007,042,032,204,25 5,162,079
11415 1001,032,201,255,173,049,094
11421 1072,032,210,25 5,238,014,210
11427 1071,174,014,071,236,240,201
11433 1080,144,204,076,127,043,075
11439 1032,204,255,169,094,032,193
11445 : 2 10, 25 5, 169, 2 10, 032, 210, 243
11451 (255,238,214,080,174,214,082
11457 1080,224,005,176,021,162,093
11463 1000,142,014,071,032,204,150
11469 125 5,162,002,032,201,255,088
11475 1169,018,141,242,071,076,160
11481 1140,043,169,003,141,242,187
11487 1071,032,244,036,169,049,056
11493 : 141, 043, 025, 169, 068, 141, 048
11499 1044,025,032,034,025,032,171
11505 1089,045,032,204,25 5,169,011
11511 1001,032,195,255,076,2 28,010
11517 1011,032,117,023,032,204,160
11523 1255,162,004,032,201,255,144
11529 1169,017,032,210,255,169,093
11535 1032,032,210,255,162,000,194
11541 1142,014,071,174,014,071,251
11547 1189,121,072,032,210,255,138
11553 1238,014,071,174,014,071,103
11559 1236,160,072,144,236,169,032
11565 1032,032,210,255,162,000,224
11571 1142,014,071,174,014,071,025
11577 1189,178,103,032,210,255,000
11583 1238,014,071,174,014,071,133
11589 ; 224, 010, 144, 237, 169, 013, 098
11595 1032,210,255,032,204,255,039
11601 1169,004,032,19 5,255,076,044
11607 1228,011,169,217,141,043,128
11613 1025,169,066,141,044,025,051
11619 1032,034,025,096,169,161,104
11625 1133,251,169,072,133,252,091
11631 1169,000,141,161,069,141,024
11637 1014,070,096,160,000,162,107
11643 1000,142,115,072,232,224,140
11649 1000,208,251,200,192,000,212
148 COMPUTEVs Gazetto January

11655 1208,246,238,115,072,140,130
11661 1241,071,172,115,072,192,236
11667 1001 , 240,006, 172,241,071 , 110
11673 1076,127,045,096,032,091,108
11679 1038,169,231,141,043,025,038
11685 1169,064,141,044,025,032,128
11691 1034,025,096,032,048,046,196
11697 1032,091,038,169,148,141,028
11703 1043,025,169,061,141,044,154
11709 1025,032,034,025,032,004,085
11715 1038,032,076,038,162,000,029
117 21 1142,237,071,032,101,022,038
1 1727 1173, 242 , 071 , 201 , 089 , 208 , 167
117 33 1008,162,000,142,237,071,065
11739 1076,237,045,201,078,240,072
11745 1006,032,240,037,076,174,022
11751 1045,162,001,142,237,071,121
117 57 1096,169,058,141,003,065,001
11763 1 169 , 001 , 162 , 008, 160 , 002 , 233
11769 1032,186,255,169,010,162,039
11775 1002,160,065,0 32,189,255,190
11781 1032,192,255,096,169,058,039
11787 1141,014,065,169,001,174,063
11793 1160,069,160,002,032,186,114
11799 1255,169,007,162,013,160,021
11805 1065,032,189,255,032,192,026
11811 1255,096,169,164,141,143,235
11817 1029,169,069,141,144,029,110
11823 1096,173,242,071,072,169,102
11829 1013,141,242,071,174,023,205
11635 1071,2 24,000,240,006,032,120
11841 1189,022,076,079,046,032,253
11847 1204,255,173,242,071,032,024
11853 1210,255,104,141,242,071,076
11859 1096,238,094,072,174,094,083
11865 1072,224,253,208,020,032,130
11871 (212,053,032,204,255,032,115
11877 (032,030,032,032,030,032,03 3
11883 1204,255,162,001,032,201,194
11889 1255,096,174,239,080,224,157
11895 1000,208,003,076,182,046,122
11901 1162,001,142,204,10 3,142,111
11907 1162,069,024,173,220,103,114
11913 1141,160,072,162,000,142,046
11919 1014,071,238,160,072,174,104
11925 1160,072,224,25 3,208,005,047
11931 : 162, 000, 142, 160, 072, 238, 161
11937 1014,071,174,014,071,2 24,217
11943 1005,208,231,032,017,057,205
11949 1032,196,046,032,009,046,022
11955 1076,165,047,162,001,142,004
11951 1204,103,032,196,046,03 2,030
11967 :23a, 045, 076, 165, 047, 174, 168
11973 1244,103,142,157,072,142,033
11979 : 004, 104, 174, 202, 103, 142, 164
11985 1158,072, 174, 245, 103, 142,079
11991 1159,072,096,162,216,134,0 30
11997 1251,174,207,103,134,2 52,062
12003 1172,206,103,140,161,059,054
12009 1173,218,103,145,251,032,131
12015 1130,0 38,172,161,069,173,214
12021 1219,103,145,251,032,130,101
12027 1038,173,161,069,141,206,015
12033 1103,165,252,141,207,103,204
12039 1162,144,134,251,174,211,059
12045 1103,134,252,17 2,210,103,219
12051 (140,161,069,173,220,103,117
12057 1145,251,032,130,038,17 3,026
12063 1161,069,141,210,103,165,112
12069 1252,141,211,103,174,221,115

12075 ! 103, 142, 218, 103, 174, 222, 237
12081 ! 103, 142, 219, 103, 174, 223, 245
12087 ! 103,142,220, 103,076,132,063
12093 : 05 2, 162, 068, 134, 25 1,174, 134
12099 1189,103,134,252,172,188,081
12105 ! 103, 140, 161, 069, 173, 202, 153
12111 {103,145,251,032,130,038,010
12117 : 172, 161, 069, 17 3, 245, 103, 240
12123 : 145, 2 51, 032, 130, 038, 173, 092
12129 : 161, 069, 141, 188, 103,165,156
12X35 ! 252, 141, 189, 103, 162, 252, 178
12141 ! 134, 25 1,174, 193, 103, 134, 074
12147 ! 252, 172, 192, 103, 140, 161, 111
12153 : 069, 173, 244, 103, 145, 251, 082
12159 : 141, 004, 104, 032, 130, 038, 064
12165 t 173, 161, 069, 141, 192, 103, 204
12171 ! 165, 252, 141, 193, 103, 174, 143
12177 s 22 1,103,142,202,103,174,066
12183 1222,103,142,245,103,174,116
12189 5 223,103,142,244,103,076,024
12195 : 043, 053, 174, 202, 103, 142, 112
12201 ! 213, 064, 174, 245, 103, 142, 086
12207 1214,064,174,244,103,2 24,174
12213 :000, 240, 013, 169, 161, 141, 13 7
12219 ! 143 ,029 , 169 , 072 ,141 , 144 ,117
12225 : 029, 032, 120, 029, 169, 001, 061
12231 : 032, 195, 255,032,103,045,093
12237 ! 174, 023, 071, 224, 000, 208, 137
12243 :003,076, 117,059, 174, 239,111
12249 {080,224,000,240,008,169,170
12255 {024,141, 242, 071, 076, 2 35, 244
12261 {047,169,023,141,242,071,154
12267 :032, 189,022,032, 204, 255, 201
12273 5032,101,022,17 3,242,071,114
12279 {201,023,240,013,201,003,160
12 285 {208,242,032,048,046,032,093
12291 {089,045,076,2 28,011,174,114
12297 1004,104,142,161,069,172,149
12303 : 161, 069, 173, 102, 072, 145, 225
12309 {251,032,130,0 38,160,000,120
12315 {140,241,080,140,242,080,182
12321 : 174, 023, 07 1,224, 000, 208, 221
12327 {003,076,063,048,032,204,209
12333 {25 5,169,017,141,242,071,172
123 39 {032,244,036,032,101,022,006
12345 {173,242,071,076,072,048,227
12351 {032,233, 022, 238, 241, 080, 141
1235 7 tl73, 242, 07 1,201, 009, 208, 205
12363 ! 003 , 076 , 046 , 053 , 172 , 161 , 074
12369 {069,17 3,242,071,145,251,008
12375 {032,130,038,174,023,071,043
12381 {224,000,208,018,173,242,190
12387 : 071 , 201 , 026 , 208,021 , 032 ,146
12393 {204,255,169,001,032,195,193
12399 {255,076,249,040,173,242,130
12405 {071,201,026,208,188,076,119
12411 : 249 , 048 , 174 , 242 , 080 , 2 24 , 116
12417 {000,240,003,07 6,063,048,047
12423 {174,241,080,224,003,176,009
12429 {003,076,063,048,162,000,237
12435 {142,014,071,174,014,071,121
12441 : 189, 115, 080, 172, 161, 069, 171
12447 {145,251,141,242,071,238,223
12453 {014,071,032,130,038,173,111
12459 {242,071,201,027,208,229,125
1246 5 : 162, 000, 142, 014, 07 1,174, 228
12471 {014,071,189,019,072,17 2,208
12477 {161,069,145,251,141,242,174
12483 {071,0 32,130,038,238,014,206
12489 {071,17 3,242,071,201,027,218

12495 {208,2 29,162,000,142,014,194

12501 {071,17 4,014,071,189,17 5,139
12507 {080,172,161,069,145,251,073
12513 {141,242,071,032,130,038,111
12519 {238,014,071,173,242,071,016
125 25 {201,027,208,229,162,001,041

125 31 1142,242,080,076,063,048,126
12537 : 162, 000, 142, 098, 072, 142, 097
12543 1099,072,173,161,069,141,202
12549 {244,103,141,168,002,165,060
12555 {252,141,004,104,173,014,187
12 561 {070,141,169,002,174,205,010
12567 1103,2 24,000,208,126,174,090
12573 {245,103,224,001,240,003,077
12579 {076,102, 051, 056, 169, 145, 122
12 585 {237,202,103,141,049,072,077
12591 {141,051,072, 169, 000, 141, 109
12597 {050,072,141,052,072,032.216
12603 1246,054,172,192,103,140,198
12609 {161,069,17 3,193,103,133,129
12615 {252,174,239,080,2 24,000,016
12621 {240,007,162,144,134,251,247
12627 1076,090,049,162,252,134,078
12633 {251,032,106,038,172,161,081

126 39 {069,177,2 51,141,051,072,088
12645 1056, 173, 049, 072, 237, 051, 227
12651 1072,141,098,072,173,050,201
12657 1072,233,000,141,099,07 2,218
12663 {173,169, 002 , 205 , 099 , 072 , 071
12669 {144,024,17 3,169,002,205,074
12675 {099,072,208,019,173,168,102
12681 {002,205,098,07 2,144,008,154
12687 1173,168,002,205,098,072,093
12693 1208,003,076,102,051,162,239
12699 {000,142,171,002,142,173,017
12705 1002,142,175,002,142,17 7,033
12711 1002,142,180,002,142,106,229
12717 {072,142,092,072,162,001,202
12723 { 142 , 179 , 002 , 174, 239 , 080 ,2 27
12729 {224,000,240,035,162,121,199
12735 {142,172,002,142,174,002,057
12741 {162,216,134,251,162,133,231
12747 {142,176,002,142,178,002,077
127 53 {16 2,144,134,253,162,139,179
12759 1 142 , 1 07 , 072 , 142 , 09 3 , 072 , 075
12765 1076,248,049,162,104,142,234
12771 {172,002,142,174,002,162,113
12777 {068,134,251,162,115,142,081
12783 {176,002,142,178,002,162,133
12789 {252,13 3,25 3,17 2,173,002,206
12795 1X40,161,069,173,174,002,202
12801 : 13 3, 252, 17 7, 25 1, 141, 049, 236
12807 1072,162,000,142,014,071,212
12813 1172,161,069,17 7,2 51,174,249
12819 1014,071,157,049,072,238,108
12825 {014,071,032,130,038,174,228
12831 1014,071,224,004,144,232,208
12837 1032,106,038,032,106,038,133
12843 {173,161,069,141,173,002,250
12849 : 16 5, 252, 141, 174, 002, 174, 189
12855 {050,072, 236,052,072,144,169
12861 {031,174,052,07 2,236,050,164
12867 1072,240,023,024,173,051,138
128 73 1072,105,144,141,049,072,144
12879 {141,051,072,173,052,072,128
12885 {105,000,141,050,07 2,141,082
12891 1052,072,032,246,054,024,059
12897 {173,049,072,105,252,141,121
12903 {049,072,173,050,072,105,112
12909 {000,141,050,072,17 2,17 7,209

COMPUTEI's Gazette January

149

12915 :002, 140, 161, 069, 173,178,070
12921 J002, 133, 254, 17 7, 253, 141, 057
12927 :051, 072, 238, 161. 069, 174, 124
12933 ! 161, 069, 224, 000, 208, 002, 029
12939 1230,254,172,161,069,177,178
12945 : 25 3, 141, 052, 072, 173, 161, 229
12951 : 069, 141, 177,002,165,254,191
129 57 : 141, 178, 002, 056, 173, 049, 244
12963 : 072, 237, 051, 072, 141, 049, 017
12969 :072, 17 3, 050, 072, 23 3, 000, 001
12975 : 141, 050, 072, 024, 173, 049, 17 2
12981 : 07 2, 105, 252, 141, 049, 07 2, 104
12987 ! 173, 050, 072, 105, 000, 141, 2 16
12993 : 050, 072, 056, 17 3, 049, 072, 153
1 2999 : 237 , 052 , 072 , 141 , 049 , 072 , 054
13005 : 173, 050, 072, 23 3, 000, 141, 106
13011 ! 050, 072, 024, 173, 049, 072, 139
13017 : 109, 098, 072, 141, 098,07 2, 039
13023 : 173 , 050 , 072 , 109 , 099 , 072 ,030
13029 ;141, 099, 072, 17 3, 169, 002, 117
13035 ! 205, 099, 072, 144, 030, 173, 190
13041 : 169, 002, 20 5, 099, 072, 208,228
13047 :016, 173,168,002,205,098,141
13053 :072, 144, 014, 17 3, 168, 002, 058
13059 :205,09a, 072, 240, 006, 238, 094
13065 : 179, 002, 076, 248, 049, 174, 225
13071 : 239, 080, 2 24, 000, 240, 0 36, 066
13077 !024, 173, 179, 002, 010, 141, 038
13083 : 180, 002, 024, 173, 179, 002, 07 5
13089 : 109, 180, 002, 141, 180, 002, 135
13095 : 0 24 , 1 73 , 180 , 002 , 109 , 092 , 107
13101 : 07 2, 14 1,092, 072, 17 3, 093, 176
13107 £072,105,000, 141, 093, 072, 022
13113 : 032, 043, 05 5, 162, 000, 142, 235
13119 : 014, 071, 174, 239, 080, 224, 097
13125 ! 000, 208, 030, 032, 198, 05 3, 078
13131 : 032, 133, 054, 206, 196, 103, 031
13137 : 17 4, 196, 103, 2 24, 25 5, 208, 217
13143 : 003, 206, 197, 103,238,014,080
13149 : 07 1,174, 014, 07 1,236, 179, 070
13155 : 002, 144, 2 26, 032, 204, 2 55, 194
13161 ! 174, 239, 080, 224, 000, 240, 038
13167 : 006, 032, 009, 046, 076, 121,145

1317 3 : 051, 032, 238, 045, 03 2, 0 32, 035
13179 5 030,032,032,030,0 32,204,227

1318 5 : 255, 162, 001, 03 2, 20 1,255, 011
13191 : 162, 001, 142, 2 11, 080, 162, 12 5
13197 i000, 142, 148, 070, 142, 014, 145
13203 : 071, 169, 000, 141, 094, 072, 182
13 209 ! 141, 161,069,169,161,133,219
13215 : 251, 169, 072, 133, 252, 172, 184
13 221 ! 161, 069, 17 7, 25 1,141, 242, 182
13227 : 071, 173, 242, 071, 032, 210, 202
13 23 3 J 255, 174, 239, 080, 224, 000, 125
13 2 39 1240,039,174,148,070,224,054
13245 : 000, 208, 0 32, 174, 094, 07 2, 001
13251 !236, 160,072,144,024,174, 237
13257 1014,071,17 3,242,071,157,161
13263 5 049,072,238, 014, 071, 174, 057
13269 ;014, 071, 224, 003, 144, 005, 162
13275 ; 162, 001, 142, 148, 070, 0 32, 006
13 281 5 084,046, 0 32, 130, 038, 174, 2 17
13287 5 161 , 069, 236 , 244, 103 , 144, 164
13 29 3 5 182,166,252,236,004,104,157
13299 5 144, 175 , 162 , 000 , 142 ,148 , 246
13 305 5 070,032,204,255,169,001,212
13311 5 032,195,255,162,000,142,017
13 317 5 211,080,174,239,080,224,245
133 23 5 000,240,055,169,108,133,204
13 329 : 251, 17 3, 2 15, 103, 133, 252, 120

150 COMPUTE! s Gazatle January

13335 : 172, 214, 103, 140, 161, 069, 114
13341 5 162,000,142,014,071,174,080
13347 5 014, 071, 189, 049, 072, 172, 090
13353 5 161,069,145,251,032,130,061
13359 : 038, 238, 014, 071, 174, 014, 084
13 365 5 071,224,003,144,23 2,17 3,13 2
13371 5 161,069,141, 214, 103, 165, 144
13377 1252,141,215,103,174,213,139
13383 5 064,142, 221, 103, 174, 214, 221
13 389 5 064, 142, 222, 10 3, 174, 094, 108
13 395 5 072,142,2 23,103,032,037,180
13401 5 046,174,157,07 2,142,244,156
13407 5 103,174,158,072,142,202,178
13413 5 103,174,159,07 2,142,245,2 28
13419 :103, 174, 2 39,080,2 24,000, 159
13425 5 240,023,032,017,057,162,132
13431 : 000 , 142 , 239 , 080 ,142,162,116
13437 5 069,142,204,103,076,218,169
13443 5 046,032,095,0 24,076,228,120
13449 5011,032,019,054,174,201,116
13455 5 103,2 24,255,240,003,076,020
13461 5035,05 3,174,200,103,224,170
13467 1255,240,003,076,035,053,049
13473 5174,198,103,142,161,069,240
1 3479 5 174,199,103, 142 , 014 , 070 , 101
13485 5 032,106,038,17 3,161,069,240
13491 5 141,106,072,173,014,070,243
13497 5 141,107,072,056,173,200,166
13503 5 103,237,106,072,141,200,026
13509 5 103,17 3,201,103,237,107,097
13515 5072 , 141 , 201 , 103 , 169 , 001 , 122
13521 1141,198,103,169,000,141,19 3
135 27 5 199,103,169,049,141,224,076
13533 : 103, 169, 000, 141, 225, 103, 194
13539 : 141, 226, 103, 141, 227, 103, 144
13545 ! 141 , 228 , 103 ,141,229,103,154
135 51 1169,048,141,2 30,103,169,075
13557 1000,141,231,103,141,232,069
13563 1103,141,233,103,141,234,182
13569 5 103,141,235,103,162,000,233
13575 5 142,161,069,142,014,070,093
13581 503 2,18 5,054,03 2,130,038,228
13587 5 174,161,069,236,200,103,194
13593 5 144,242,174,014,070,236,13 7
13599 5 201,103,144,2 34,162,000,107
13605 1142,204,103,076,062,047,159
13611 6 076,147,053,162,000,142,111
13617 1014,071,174,014,071,189,070
13623 1019,072,141,012,071,201,059
13629 1027,240,009,032,135,053,045
13635 1238,014,071,076,051,053,058
13641 5 169,032,141,012,071,032,018
13647 1135,053,169,040,141,012,117
13653 5071,032,135,05 3,162,000,026
13659 1142,014,071,174,014,071,065
13665 1189,016,071,141,012,071,085
13671 5 032,135,053,238,014,071,134
13677 1174,014,07 1,224, 004, 208, 036
13683 1234,169,041,141,012,071,015
13689 1032,13 5,053,169,027,141,166
13695 5 012,071,032,135,053,076,250
13701 1033,048,17 2,161,069,17 3,021
13707 5 012,071,145,251,032,130,012
13713 5 038,096,169,176,141,043,040
13719 1025,169,064, 141, 044, 025, 107
13725 1032,034,025,032,185,054,007
13731 1169,230,141,043,025,169,172
13737 1103,141,044,025,032,034,036
13743 5 025,169,187,141,043,025,253
13 749 5 169,064,141,044,025,032,144

137 55 1034,025,032,003,057,032,114
13761 1048,046,076,228,011,174,008
13767 !l98, 103,224,255,208,003, 166
13 773 :238, 199, 103, 238, 198, 103, 004
13779 1096,174,213,064,2 24,255,213
13785 :208, 003, 238, 214, 064, 23a, 158
13791 t213, 064, 174,213,064,2 24,151
13797 : 145, 208, 037, 174, 214, 064, 047
13803 t 224 , 000, 240,030 , 162 , 001 , 124
13809 :X42, 213, 064, 162, 000, 142, 196
13815 ! 214, 064, 174,239,080,224,218
13821 ;000, 240, 008, 162, 001, 142, 038
13827 : 203 ,103,076, 013 , 054 , 162 , 102
13833 : 001, 142, 205, 103, 162, 000, 110
13839 : 142, 094, 072, 096, 174, 200, 025
13845 J 103, 224, 25 5, 206,003, 238, 028
13851 t 201 , 103 , 238 , 200 , 103 , 096 . 200
13857 (162,004,142,014,071,174,088
13863 : 014, 071, 189, 049, 072, 201, 123
13869 1000,208,006,206,014,071,038
13875 5 076,038,054,174,014,071,222
13881 : 189, 049, 072, 201, 057, 208 .065
13887 ! 059, 174, 014, 071, 224, 000, 093
13893 ! 240,014, 169,048,174,014,216
13899 : 071, 157, 049, 072, 206, 014, 132
13905 : 071, 076, 054, 054, 169, 049, 042
13911 : 141, 049, 07 2, 238, 014, 071, 160
13917 : 174, 014, 071, 189, 049, 072, 150
13923 : 201, 000, 240, 011, 169, 048, 000
13929 : 174, 014, 07 1,1 57, 049, 072, 130
13935 : 076, 090, 054, 174, 014, 07 1,078
13941 : 169 ,048,157, 049 , 072 ,096,1 96
13947 ! 170, 23 2, 138, 174, 014, 071, 154
13953 :157,049,072,096, 162,000, 153
13959 t 142, 014, 071, 174, 014, 07 1,109
13965 !l89,2 24, 103,157,049,072, 167
139 71 1238,014,071,174,014,071,217
13977 ! 2 24, 005, 144, 237,032,033,060
13983 : 054, 162, 000, 142, 014, 07 1,090
13989 1174,014,071,189,049,072,222
13995 5 157,224,103,238,014,071,210
14001 : 174, 014, 071, 224, 005, 144, 041
14007 1237,096,162,000,142,014,066
14013 1071,174,014,071,189,230,170
14019 : 103, 157, 049, 072, 238, 014, 060
14025 5 071,174,014,071,224,005,248
14031 5 144,237,03 2,033,054,162,101
14037 1000,142,014,071,174,014,116
14043 : 071, 189, 049, 072, 157, 230, 219
14049 1103,238,014,071,174,014,071
14055 1 071 , 224 , 005 , 144 , 23 7 , 096 , 240
14061 J 162, 000, 142, 161, 069, 142, 145
14067 1014,070,096,162,008,142,223
14073 5 014,071,014,049,072,046,003
14079 1050,072,206,014,071,174,074
14085 : 014, 071, 224, 000, 208, 240, 250
14091 5 014,051,072,046,052,072,062
14097 5 014 ,051,072, 046 , 052 , 072 , 068
14103 5 056,173,049,072,237,051,149
14109 1072,141,049,072,17 3,050,074
14115 5 072,23 7,05 2,072,141,050,147
14121 1072,096,174,239,080,2 24,158
14127 5 000,240,007,169,216,133,044
14133 1251,076,061,055,169,068,221
14139 5 133,251,162,000,142,048,027
14145 5 072,173,174,002,133,252,103
14151 1172,17 3,002,140,161,069,020
14157 1177,2 51,141,242,071,032,223
14163 5 130,038,173,161,069,141,027
14169 Jl73,002,165,252,141,174,228

1417 5 5 002,17 3,172,002,133,252,061

14181 : 172, 171, 002, 140, 161, 069, 048

14187 1173,242,071,145,251,032,253

14193 : 130, 038, 173, 161, 069, 141, 057

14199 5 171,002,165,252,141,172,254

14205 5 002,173,173,002,205,188,100

14211 J 103, 208, 188, 17 3, 174, 002, 211

14217 1 205, 189, 103, 144, 160, 173, 107

14223 1171,002,141,188,103,17 3,153

14229 : 172.002,141, 189,103, 174, 162

14235 : 239, 080, 224, 000, 240, 007, 177

14241 1169,144,133,251,076,172,082

14247 5 055,169,252,133,251,173,17 6

14253 1178,002,133,252,172,177,063

14259 1002,140,161,069,177,251,211

14265 1141,242,071,032,130,038,071

14271 (17 3,161,069,141,177,002,146

14277 1165,252,141,178,002,173,084

14283 =176,002,133,25 2,17 2,175,089

14289 5 002 , 140 , 161 , 069, 173 , 242 ,228

14295 £071,145,251, 032, 130, 038, 114

14301 1173,161,069.141,175,002,174

14307 5165,252,141,17 6,002,174,113

14313 5 177,002,236,192,103,206,127

14319 5 188,174,176,002,236,193,186

14325 =103,144,180,173,175,002,254

14331 5 141,192,103,17 3,176,002,014

14337 5 141,193,103,174,239,080,163

14343 12 24,001,240,003,076,106,145

14349 :056,169, 108, 133,251, 173, 135

14355 1093,072,133,25 2,17 2,092,06 5

14361 5 072,140,161,069,177,2 51,127

14367 J 141, 242, 071, 032, 130, 038, 173

14373 5 173,161,069,141,09 2,072,233

14379 :165, 252, 141, 093, 072, 173, 171

14385 =107,072,133,252,172,106,123

14391 1072,140,161,069,173,242,144

■14397 5 071,145,251,032,130,038,216

14403 5 173,161,069,141,106,072,021

14409 1165,252,141,107,072,173,215

1441 5 5 092 , 072 , 205 ,214,103, 208 , 205

14421 =188,173,09 3,072,205,215,007

14427 5103,144,180,173,106,072,101

14433 1141,214,103,173,107,072,139

14439 5 141,215,103,096,162,000,052

14445 5 142,014,071,174,014,071,083

14451 1189,251,103,157,049,072,168

14457 1238,014,071,174,014,071,191

14463 5 224,005,144,237,032,033,034

14469 5 054 , 162 , 000 , 142 , 014, 07 1 , 064

14475 =174,014,071,189,049,07 2,196

14481 1157,251,103,238,014,071,211

14487 5 174,014,071,224,005,144,015

14493 1237,096,006,253,038,254,017

14499 5 006,25 3,038,254,03 2,220,198

14505 1056,162,000,134,254,162,169

14511 5 003,142,023,070,173,242,060

14517 5 071,133,253,032,238,056,196

14523 1032,220,056,206,023,070,026

14529 1 174,023,070,2 24,000,208,124

14535 1235,096,162. 010, 142. 024. 100

14541 5 070,032,159,056,206,024,240

14547 1070,174,024,070,224,000,005

14553 5 208,243,096,024,165,253,182

14559 5 109,056,072,141,056,072,217

14565 5 165,254,109,057,072,141,003

145 71 5 057,072,096,006,253,038,245

14577 5 254,006,253,038,254,006,028

14583 =253,038,254,006,253,038,065

14589 =254,006,253,038,254,096,130

COMPUTErs Ga/oHe January

151

14625
14631

14637
14643
14649
14655
14661
14667

14733
14739
14745
14751
147 57
14763
14769
14775
14781
14787
14793

14595 : 174, 196, 103, 224, 255, 208, 139

14601 : 003, 238, 197, 103, 238, 196, 2 16
14607 : 103, 096, 173, 220, 103, 141, 083
14613 : 242, 071, 173,244,103,141,227
14619 :220, 103, 173, 242, 071, 141, 209
244,103,141,004,104,173,034
202,103,141,242,071,17 3,203
218,103,141,202,103,173,217
242,071 ,141,218,103,173,231
245,103,141,242,071,173,008
219,103,141,245,103,173,023
242,071,141,219,103,173,250
206,103,141,242,071,173,243
14673 {188,103,141,206,103,173,2 27
14679 ! 242, 071, 141, 188, 103, 173, 23 7
14685 1207,103,141,242,071,173,006
14691 =189,103,141,207,103,173,247
14697 ! 242, 071, 141, 189, 103, 173, 000
14703 :20a, 103,141,242,071,173,025
14709 1190,103,141,208,103,173,011
14715 : 242, 07 1,141, 190, 103, 17 3, 019
14721 : 209, 103 , 141 , 242 , 071 , 173 ,044
14727 1191,103,141,209,103,17 3,031
242,071,141,191,103,173,038
210,103,141,242,071,17 3,063
192,103,141,210,103,173,051
242,071,141,192,103,173,057
211,103,141,242,071,173,082
193,103,141,211,103,17 3,071
242,071,141,193,103, 173,076
212,103,141,242,071,17 3,101
194,103,141,212,103,173,091
242,071,141,194,103,173,095
213,103,141,242,071,173,120
14799 1195,103,141,213,103,173,111
14805 1242,071,141,195,103,173,114
14811 1205,103,141,242,071,17 3,130
14817 1203,103,141,205,103,173,129
14823 1242,071,141,203,103,096,063
14829 1169,108,133,251,169,139,182
14835 : 133, 252, 162, 000, 142, 014, 178
14841 1 071 , 142 , 161 , 069 , 142 , 014, 080
14847 1070,142,023,070,142,024,214
14853 1070,172, 161,069,177,2 51,137
14859 1174,014,071,157,151,07 2,138
14865 ! 032, 130, 038, 236, 014, 071, 028
14871 1174,014,071,224,003,144,141
14877 1232,238,023,070,174,0 23,021
14883 1070,224,000,208,003,238,010
14889 1024,070,173,151,072,201,220
14895 125 5,208,008,162,000,142,054
14901 1014,071,076,006,058,205,2 27
14907 1017,071, 208, 016, 17 3, 15 2, 184
14913 1072,205,018,071,208,008,135
14919 1173,15 3,072,205,019,071,252
14925 1240,023,162,000,142,014,146
14931 1071,17 4,161,069,236,214,240
103,144,170,166,252,236,136
215,103,144,163,07 6,084,112
059,162,000,142,014,071,037

173,161,069,141,154,072,109
165,252,141,155,072,174,048

14967 1024,070,142,152,072,174,241

14973 1023,070,202,142,151,072,017
224,25 5,208,007,174,152,127
07 2,202,142,152,072,024,033
173,151,072,105,144,133,153
253,173,152,072,105,133,013
13 3,254,160,000,17 7,25 3,108

15009 1141,094,072,024,014,151,145

152 COMPUTErs Gaiella January

14937
14943
14949
14955
14961

14979

14985
14991
14997
15003

15015 107 2,046,152,072,169,216,126

15021 1133,2 51,173,151,072,141,070
15027 1161,069,024,17 3,15 2,07 2,06 2
15033 : 105 , 121 , 133 , 252 , 172 , 161 , 105
15039 1069,17 7,251,141,213,064,082
15045 1032,130,038,172,161,069,031
15051 1177,251,141,214,064,032,058
15057 1009,046,032,105,0 34,169,092
15063 1234,141,043,025,169,068,127
15069 1141,044,025,032,0 34,025,010
15075 1162,000,142,014,071,032,136
15081 I 204,045, 162,000,142,014,032
15087 1071,17 3,154,07 2,141,161,243
15093 1069,173,155,072,133,2 52,075
15099 1169,108,133,251,174,23 7,043
15105 1071,2 24,000,240,003,076,103
15111 1025,059,032,106,038,032,043
15117 : 106,038,032, 106,038, 172, 249
15123 1161,069,169,25 5,145,2 51,045
15129 1032,048,046,169,250,141,199
15135 1043,025,169,068,141,044,009
15141 1025,0 32,034,0 25,032,120,049
15147 1045,03 2,120,045,032,188,249
15153 10 28, 162,033, 142,014,071,210
15159 117 3,154,07 2,141, 161,069,057
15165 1173,155,072,133,252,169,247
15171 1108,13 3,251,169,000,141,101
15177 1151,072,141,152,072,141,034

1518 3 1153,07 2,07 6,006,058,0 32,220
15189 {048,046,169,013,141,043,033

1519 5 1025,169,069,141,044,025,052
15201 10 32,034,025,032,048,046,058
15207 1032,120,045,03 2,120,045,241
15213 1 162 ,000 , 142 , 239 , 080 ,076 , 040
15219 :228, 011, 032, 204, 255, 032, 109
15225 1013,038,162,000,142,014,234
15231 1071,174,239,080,224,000, 147
15237 1240,008,169,005,141,240,168
15243 1080,076,154,059,169,025,190
15249 1141,240,080,032,016,023,16 5
15255 1076,157,059,032,17 6,025,164
15261 1173,242,071,201,020,208,048
15267 1034,17 4,014,071,224,000,168
15273 1240,017,206,014,071,173,122
15279 : 242, 07 1, 03 2, 2 10, 255, 174, 135
15285 1014,071,169,000,157,115,195
15 291 1080,174,239,080,224,000,216
15297 1240,209,076,154,059,201,108
15303 1013,240,029,173,242,071,199
15309 1174,014,071,157,115,080,048
15315 1238,014,071,17 3,242,071,252
153 21 1032,210,255,174,014,071,205
153 27 1236,240,080,144,020,076,251
15 333 1025,061,173,242,071,032,065
15339 1210,2 55,174,014,071,169,104
15 345 1027,157,115,080,076,002,186
15351 1060,174,239,080,224,000,000
15357 1240,149,076,154,059,032,195
15363 1047,038,162,000,142,014,150
15369 1071,0 32,016,023,173,242,054
15375 1071,201,020,208,030,174,207
15381 1014,071,2 24,000,240,239,041
15 387 1206,014,071,17 3,242,071,036
15 393 1032,210,255,076,010,060,164
15399 1174,014,071,169,000,157,112
15405 1175,080,076,010,060,201,135
15411 1013,240,025,17 3,242,071,047
15417 : 174, 014, 071, 157, 175, 080, 216
15423 J 238, 014, 071, 173, 242, 07 1,104
15429 1032,210,255,174,014,071,057

15435 : 224, 032, 144, 18 7, 032, 2 10, 136

15441 : 255, 169, 027, 174, 014, 071, 023
15447 {157,175,080,173,226,067,197
15453 1141,244,071,169,048,141,139
15459 : 226 , 067 , 032 , 188 , 028 , 169 , 041
15465 : 022, 141, 043, 025, 169, 069, 062
15471 : 141, 044, 025, 032, 034, 025, 156
15477 : 032, 004, 038, 162,002,142,241
15483 ! 014, 071, 032, 016, 023, 173, 196
15489 : 242, 071, 201, 013, 240, 070, 198
15495 ! 201, 020, 208, 027, 174, 014, 011
15501 :071 , 224 ,002 , 240 , 235 , 206, 095
15 507 : 014, 071, 173, 242, 07 1,032, 238
15513 5 210,255,174,014,071,169,022
15519 5000,157,226,067,076,125,042
15525 I 060 , 201 , 003 , 208 , 003 , 076 , 204
15 5 31 ! 025, 061, 201, 013, 240, 028, 227
15537 ; 174 , 014 , 071 , 1 73 , 242 , 071 , 154
15543 : 157, 226, 067, 238, 014, 07 1,188
15549 1173,242,071,032,210,255,148
15555 5 174,014,071,224,013,144,067
15561 5 179,076,025,061,169,044,243
15567 5 174,014,071,157,2 26,067,148
15573 5 238,014,071,169,080,174,191
15579 5 014,071,157,2 26,067,238,224
15565 5 014,071,169,044,174,014,199
15591 5 071,157,226,067,238,014,236
15597 : 071 , 169 , 082 , 174 , 014 , 071 , 050
15603 5 157,226,067,238,014,071,248
1 5609 5 169 , 001 , 162 , 008 , 160 , 003 ,240
15615 5 032,186,255,173,014,071,218
15621 ; 162, 226, 160,067,032,189,073
15627 5255,032,192,255,032,102,111
15633 5 027,174,227,080,224,000,237
15639 5 240,026,032,204,255,169,181
15645 5 001,032,195,255,032,089,121
15651 5045,032,120,045,03 2,120,17 3

156 57 5 045,173,244,071,141,226,173
15663 5 067,076,228,011,17 3,244,078
15669 5 071,141,226,067,169,000,215
15675 : 17 4, 014, 07 1,157, 226, 067, 000
15681 5 238,014,071,174,014,071,135
15687 : 224, 018, 144, 238, 162, 002, 091
15693 5 142,014,071,160,000,140,092
15699 ; 16 1,069, 174, 014, 07 1, 189, 249
15705 t094,068, 172, 161,069, 153,038
15711 5 019,07 2,238,161,069,238,124
15717 5 014,071,174,014,071,224,157
15723 5 007,144,231,172,161,069,123
15729 1169,027,153,019,072,238,023

157 35 : 161, 069, 172, 161, 069, 169, 152
15741 5 000,153,019,072,169,049,075
15747 : 14 1,016, 07 1,169, 048, 141, 205

157 53 5 017,071,141,018,071,141,084
15759 5019,071,07 6,008,048,032,141
15765 5 201,083,032,073,084,032,142
15771 5 067,079,082,082,069,067,089
15777 : 084, 063, 032, 040, 217, 032, 117
15783 5 079,082,032,206,041,03 2,127
15789 1000,215,069,076,067,079,157
15795 5 077,069,013,013,201,070,110
15801 5 032,089,079,085,032,065,055
15807 1082,069,032,078,069,087,096
158 13 5 044 , 032 , 084 , 089 , 080 , 069 , 083
15819 -:013, 065, 032, 067, 06 5, 082, 01 5

158 25 5 082,073,065,071,069,032,089
15831 1082,069,064,085,082,078,183
15837 5 032,065,084,013,084,072,059
15843 1069,032,213,211,197,210,135
15649 5 032,201, 196, 032, 080, 082, 088

15855 5 079,077,080,084,046,013,106
15861 1013,000,213,211,197,210,065
15867 1160,201,196,160,035,032,011
15873 5 000,200,069,076,076,079,245
15879 5 044,032,078,069,087,032,093
15885 5 080,069,082,083,079,078,2 28
15891 1046,032,013,208,076,069,207
15897 5 065,083,069,032,065,078, 161
15903 5 083,087,069,082,03 2,084,212
15909 5 072,069,032,070,079,076,179
15915 : 076, 079, 087, 073, 078, 071, 251
15921 5 032,013,081,085,069,083,156
15927 5084,07 3,079,078,083,032,228
159 33 5 084,079,032,083,069,084,236
15939 5032,085,080,032,013,089,142
15945 : 079 , 085 , 082 ,032 , 085, 083 , 007
15951 1069,082,032,065,067,067,205
15957 5 079,085,078,084,046,198,143
15963 £079,082,032,084,072,073,001
15969 5 083,032,086,073,083,073,015
15975 5 084,032,013,089,079,085,229
15981 5 032, 067 , 065 , 078 , 032 , 079 , 206
15987 1078,076,089,032,082,069,029
15993 : 065 , 068, 013 , 066 , 079 ,065 , 221
15999 5 082,068,032,07 7,069,083,026
16005 5 083 , 065 , 071 , 069 , 083 , 046 ,038
16011 5 013,013,013,212,07 2,06 5,015
16017 : 078 , 075 , 032 , 089 , 079 , 085 , 07 1
16023 5 046,032,013,000,193,084,007
16029 5 032,084,072,069,032,080,014
16035 5 082,079, 077, 080, 084, 044, 097
16041 ; 032, 069, 078, 084, 069, 082, 071
16047 5 013,089,079,085,082,032,043
16053 5 078,069,087,032,080,065,080
16059 5 083,083,087,079,082,068,157
16065 5 013,079,070,032,049,050,230
16071 5032,065,076,080,072,06 5,07 7
16077 5 078,085,077,069,082,073,157
16063 5067,032,013,067,072,065,015
16089 5082 , 065 , 067, 084 , 069 , 082 ,154
16095 5 083,046,032,013,000,19 7,082
16101 5 078,084,069,082,032,073,135
16107 (084,032,06 5,071,06 5,073,113
16113 5 078,032,013, 083 , 079 , 032 , 046
16119 : 201, 032, 067, 065, 078, 032, 210
16125 5 086,069,082,073,070,089,210
16131 1046,032,000,208,193,211,181
16137 : 2 11, 215, 207, 210, 196, 032, 056
16143 1000,073,083,032,073,078,098
16149 1086,065,076,073,068,046,179
16155 1032,212,082,089,032,065,027
16161 5 071,065,073,078,046,013,123
16167 5 000,013,085,083,084,065,113
16173 1084,000,013,205,193,201,229
16179 5 206,032,205,197,206,213,086
16185 1013,013,032,049,041,032,237
16191 1210,069,065,068,032,205,200
16197 1 069 , 083 , 083 ,065,071, 069 , 253
16203 1083,013,032,050,041,032,070
1 6209 1 204 , 069 , 065 , 086 , 069 , 032 , 094
16215 1065,032,205,069,083,083,112
16221 1065,071,069,013,032,051,138
16227 1041,032,208,07 3,067,075,083
16233 5032 , 085 , 080 ,032,197, 205 , 224
16239 ; 193, 201, 204, 01 3, 032, 052, 038
16245 1041,032,211,069,078,068,104
16251 5032,197,205,193,201,204,131
16257 1013,032,053,041,032,196,240
16263 1079,087,078,076,079,065,087
16269 5 068,032,204,073,066,082,154

COMPUTErs Gaiatta Jartuary

153

065, 0S2, 089, 013, 03 2, 054, 226
041,032,213,080,076,079,162

065,068,032,193,082,069,156
065 ,013,032, 055 ,041,032, 147
19 5,072,06 5,084,032,087,194
073,084,072,032,084,072,082
16311 1069,032,083,089,083,079,106
16317 : 080, 013, 032, 056, 041, 032, 187
206,069,087,032,080,065,222
083,083,087,079,082,068,171
032,079,082,032,072,065,057
076,068,076,069,013,032,037
057,041,032,204,079,071,191
032,079,070,070,013,013,246
16359 : 000, 082, 069, 083, 069, 084, 106
16365 1032,067,085,077,085,076,147
16371 : 065, 084, 07 3, 086, 069, 032, 140
16377 I 084 , 073 , 077 , 069 , 032 , 084 , 156
079,032,090,069,082,079,174
063,013,040,089,032,079,065
082,03 2,078,041,03 2,000,020
013,210,197,193,196,0 32,090
16407 1205,197,211,211,193,199,215
16413 : 197, 2 11, 013, 013, 2 12, 072, 235
069,03 2,066,079,06 5,082,17 2
068,032,067,079,078,084,193
065,07 3,078,08 3,013,07 7,180
069,083,083,065,071,069,237
083,03 2,000,0 32,084,079,113
032,000,210,069,065,068,25 3
032,07 7,069,083,083,06 5,224
07 1 , 069 , 083 , 032 , 070 , 082 ,228
079,07 7,03 2,035,062,03 2,144
000,013,000,013,032,049,196
16479 !041, 03 2, 210, 069, 06 5, 068, 068
164B5 : 0 32, 077, 069, 083, 083, 065, 254
: 07 1,069, 083, 013, 03 2, 050, 169
1041,032,211, 067 ,065,078, 095
:032, 077, 069, 083, 083, 06 5, 016
1071,069,032,072,069,065,247
1068,069,082,08 3,013,000,190
1013,211,195,193,206,032,219
120 5,19 7,211,211,193,199,079
16533 1197,0 32,200,197,193,196,140
16539 1197,210,211,013,013,000,031
16545 1013,066,069,071,073,078,019
16551 1032,087,07 3,084,072,032,035
16557 1035,032,000,077,069,083,213
16563 1083,06 5,071,069,03 2,035,022
16569 1032,000,032,072,065,083,213
16575 1032,066,069,069,078,032,025
1083,069,078,084,046,013,058
1000,19 7,078,084,082,089,221
1032,000,080,098,001,000,164
1001,013,005,014,018,077,087
1 069, 083 , 083 , 065 , 071 , 069 , 149
16611 1032,035,032,000,079,078,227
16617 1069,032,077,079,077,069,124
16623 1078,084,044,032,080,076,121
16629 1069,065,083,069,046,046,111
16635 1046,000,062,141,000,048,036
16641 1008,048,000,077,083,071,032
16647 1070,073,076,069,049,000,088
16653 1049,058,069,077,065,073,148
16659 1076,084,079,032,000,070,104
16665 1082,079,077,032,000,083,122
16671 1085,066,074,069,067,084,220
16677 1032,000,013,054,052,032,220
16683 1071,082,065,080,07 2,073,230
16689 1067,083,045,045,013,082,128
154 COMPUTE'S CBzvtto January

16275
16281
16287
16293
16299
16305

16323
163 29

16335
16341
16 347
16353

16383
16389
16395
16401

16419
16425
16431
16437
16443
16449
16455
16461
16467
16473

16491
16497
16503
16 509
16515
16521
16527

16581
16587
16593
16599
16605

16695 1069,065,068,032,065,078,176
16701 1 089 , 087 , 065 , 089 , 063 ,013,211
16707 1040,089,03 2,079,082,032,165
16713 1078,041,013,000,082,069,100
16719 1084,085,082,078,032,061,245
16725 1032,078,069,088,084,032,212
16731 1077,069,083,083,06 5,071,027
16737 1069,013,082,032,061,032,130
16743 1071,079,032,084,079,032,224
16749 1082,069,065,068,032,077,246
16755 1069,078,085,013,07 7,032,213
16761 1061,032,071,079,032,084,224
16767 1079,032,205,065,073,078,147
16773 1032,205,069,078,085,013,103
16779 1000,082,069,084,085,082,029
16785 1078,032,082,032,077,032,222
16791 1040,063,061,072,069,076,020
16797 1080,041,000,083,069,078,252
16803 1068,032,084,079,032,073,019
16809 1068,035,032,000,212,032,036
16815 1049,041,032,211,084,065,145
16821 1 084 , 085 ,083 ,032 , 207 , 203 , 107
16827 1013,032,050,041,032,213,056
16833 1 083 , 069 , 082 , 032 , 068 , 069 , 084
16839 1078,073,069,068,032,065,072
16845 1 067 , 067 , 069,083 , 083 ,013 , 075
16851 1000,032,206,069,087,032,125
16857 1200,065,078,068,076,069,005
16863 103 2,000,213,208,196,19 3,041
16869 1212,197,032,213,211,197,011
16875 1210,032,198,201,204,197,253
16881 1013,000,013,195,200,193,087
16887 1206,199,197,032,213,211,025
16893 1197,210,039, 211, 013, 013, 168
16899 1032,049,041,032,208,065,174
16905 1083,083,087,079,082,068,235
16911 1013,032,050,041,032,206,13 3
16917 1065,077,069,013,032,051,072
16923 1041,032,19 5,085,077,085,030
16929 1076,065,084,073,086,069,230
16935 1032,084,073,077,069,032,150
16941 1079,078,045,076,073,078,218
16947 1069,032,084,072,073,083,208
16953 1032,077,079,078,084,072,223
16959 1013,032,05 2,041,032,193,170
16965 1067,067,069,083,083,032,214
16971 1211,084,065,084,085,083,17 5
16977 1013,032,053,041,032,213,209
16983 1083,069,082,032,198,073,112
16989 1076,069,032,195,079,077,109
16995 1080,076,069,084,069,013,234
17001 1000,213,208,196,193,212,103
17007 1197,032,19 3,206,207,212,134
17013 1200,197,210,032,198,201,131
17019 1204,197,063,032,040,089,236
17025 1032,079,082,032,078,041,217
17031 1032,000,213,080,068,065,081
17037 1084,069,032,083,089,083,069
17043 1084,069,077,032,070,07 3,040
17049 1076,069,083,063,032,040,004
17055 1089,032,079,082,03 2,078,039
17061 1041,000,013,032,049,041,085
17067 103 2,085,080,068,065,084,073
17073 1069,032,085,083,069,082,085
17079 1032,070,073,076,069,083,074
17085 1013,032,050,041,032,085,186
17091 1080,068,06 5,084,069,032,081
17097 1 077 , 069 ,083 , 083 ,065 ,071 ,137
17103 1069,032,070,07 3,076,069,084
17109 1083,013,013,000,013,042,121

17115 : 079, 080, 069, 082, 06 5, 084, 166
17121 : 073, 079, 078, 042, 013, 042, 040
17127 ! 067, 065, 078, 067, 069, 076, 141
17133 : 076, 069, 068, 042, 013, 000, 249
17139 : 206, 06 5, 077, 069, 032, 000, 180
17145 : 083, 084, 082, 069, 069, 084, 208
17151 ! 032, 065, 068, 068, 082, 069, 127
17157 5 083,083,032,000,067,073,087
17163 ! 084, 089, 044, 032, 083, 084, 171
17169 ! 065 ,084 , 069 ,044 , 032 , 090 , 145
1717 5 : 073, 080, 032, 000, 065, 082, 099
17181 : 069, 065, 032, 067, 079, 068, 153
17187 1069,032,000,084,069,07 6,109
17193 : 069 , 080 ,072 , 079 , 078 , 069 , 232
17199 1032,078,085,07 7,066,069,198
17205 1082,0 32,000,089,079,085, 164
17211 ! 039, 082, 069, 032, 078, 079, 18 2
17217 1084,032,082, 069, 083, 080, 239
17223 : 079, 078, 068, 073, 078, 07 1,006
17229 : 013, 083, 079, 032, 201, 039, 012
17 235 : 077, 032,072,065, 078,07 1,222
17241 : 073, 078, 07 1,03 2, 085, 080, 2 52
17 247 1046,032,194,089,069,000,013
17 253 : 048, 058 , 084 , 065 , 066 , 076 , 242
17 259 : 069, 083, 032, 049, 041, 03 2, 157
17265 : 085, 080, 068, 065, 084, 069, 052
17 271 :032, 08 5, 083, 069, 082, 032, 246
17 277 : 070, 073, 076, 069, 083, 013, 253
17 283 : 032, 050, 041, 032, 085, 080, 19 5
17 289 : 068,065,084,069,032,068,011
17 295 £079,087,078,076,079,065,095
17301 : 068, 032, 077, 069, 078, 085, 046
17 307 : 013, 01 3, 000, 083, 048, 058, 114
17313 : 084 , 065 , 066 , 076 , 069 , 083 , 092
17 319 :01 3, 000, 042, 069, 077, 080, 192
17325 : 084, 089, 042, 000, 048, 049, 229
17331 :050, 05 1,052, 053, 054, 055, 2 38
17337 :056, 057,065,066,067,068, 052
17343 : 069, 070, 036, 049, 058, 068, 0 29
17349 1042,049,041,032,045,045, 195
17 355 5 000,084,089,080,069,032,045
17361 :048, 032, 070, 079, 082, 032, 040
17367 :07 7, 065, 07 3, 078, 032, 077, 105
17373 : 069, 078, 085, 013, 000, 049, 003
17 379 1058,000,000,000,000,000,029
17385 ! 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 ,23 3
17391 : 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 239
17397 :032,196,207,215, 206, 204,025
17403 ! 207, 19 3, 196, 032, 204, 201, 004
17409 : 194, 210, 193, 2 10, 2 17, 013, 014
17415 5 013,000,013,196,069,083,125
17421 : 067 , 082 , 073 , 066 , 069 , 032 , 146
17427 :084, 072, 069, 032, 070, 07 3, 163
17433 =076,069,013,040,053,048,068
17439 : 03 2, 067, 072, 065, 082, 065, 158
17445 : 067, 084, 069, 082, 083, 032, 198
17451 1077,065,088, 041, 013, 000, 071
17457 5 042,084,082,065,078,083,227
17463 5 077,073,083,083,073,079,011
17469 : 078, 042, 001, 042, 071, 065, 104
1747 5 : 082, 066, 076, 069, 068, 042, 214
17481 5 013,000,013,042,070,073,028
17487 107 6,069,032,087,079,078,244
17493 : 039, 084, 032, 070, 073, 084, 211
17499 -5042,013,000,013,042,083,028
17505 5 089,083,079,080,032,073,021
17511 5 083,032,079,078,045,076,240
17517 5 073,078,069,042,013,000, 128
17523 5013,013,212,200,197,032,014
17529 5 195,193,204,204,197,210,044

17535
17541
17547
17553
17559
17565
17571
17577
17583
17589
17595
17601
17607
17613
17619
17625
17631
17637
17643
17649
17655
17661
17667
17673
17679
17685
17691
17697
17703
17709
17715
17721
17727
17733
17739
17745
17751
17757
17763
17769
17775
17781
17787
17793
17799
17805
17811
17817
17823

5032,215
;032,212
:193,212
: 042, 077
5069,078
5032,080
5 078,071
5032,049
5065,078
5 065,083
5068,013
5195,072
5032,072
5069,013
5210,069
5032,084
5073,078
5 085,013
! 082, 065
; 040, 089
! 078, 041
5084,073
5069,088
5065,073
5032,069
5000,070
5065,077
:196,079
5079,085
5083,084
5065,086
5049,041
5032,068
:044,032
5032,068
! 069, 032
5041,032
: 068, 082
5044,032
5032,068
1069,083
! 078, 068
5051,041
5032,068
5083,044
!032,065
:044,032
i 067, 069
:000,008

,19 3,206
,207,032
,013,013
,065.073
,065,078
,069,078
,042,013
,041,032
,071,069
,083,087
,032,050
,065,078
,065,078
,032,051
,084,085
,079,032
,032,077
,013,032
,083,069
,032,079
,000,071
,078,071
,084,032
,076,000
,077,065
,073,076
,069,032
,069,083
,082,032
,069,077
,069,013
,032,079
,082,073
,035,032
,069,086
,056,013
,084,08 7
,073,086
,035,032
,069,086
,032,056
,032,057
,032,084
,082,073
,032,035
,078,068
,068,069
,032,056
,013,013

,212,211,172
,195,200,243
,000,013,071
,078,084,052
,067,069,065
,068,073,045
,000,013,124
,195,072,078
,032,080,058
,079,082,148
,041,032,167
,071,069,231
,068,076,078
,041,032,187
,082,078,051
,077,065,074
,069,078,118
,000,069,185
,063,032,117
,082,032,083
,069,084,078
,032,078,157
,069,077,166
,078,079, 124
,073,076,151
,069,078,131
,000,013,027
,032,089,069
,083,089,233
,032,075,206
,013,032,073
,078,069,149
,086,069,217
,048,044,048
,073,067,214
,032,050,077
,079,032,186
,069,083,042
,048,044,078
,073,067,244
,032,065,192
,013,032,141
,087,079,241
,086,069,027
,032,048,153
,032,049,209
,086,073,007
,013,013,147
,013,013,219

All programs listed

in this magazine

are available on

the GAZETTE Disk.

See elsewhere in

this issue for details.

COMPUTErs Gazette January

155

VIC Magic Draw

Article on page 52.

BEFORE TYPING . . .

Before typing in programs, please refer to
"How To Type In COMPUTEJ's GAZETTE
Programs," which appears before the Program

Listings.

Program 1 : Magic Draw Boot

20 POKE648, 30! SYS 58648: REM MOVE SCREEN TO

7630 :rem 151

25 REM CHANGE ,8 TO ,1 FOR TAPE : rem 102

30 PRINT"{CLR) [4 DQWN1L0AD"CHR$( 34) "MAGIC

DRAW"CHR$(34)",8E3 UP}" :rem 203

40 POKE 631,13!P0KE198,L:REM AUTOMATIC PR

ESS RETURN , : rem 87

50 POKE8192,0tPOKE43,l:POKE44,32:NEW: MOV

E BASIC TO 8192 srem 193

Program 2: Magic Draw

Note: Rci]uires at least SK expansion.
50 IFPEEK{648)<>30THENPRINT"tCLR}{DOWN}SE
T SCREEN AND BASIC": END ! rem 127

60 PRINT " { CLR ) " ! POKE3687B , 1 5 : GOSUB970

jrem 47

90 POKE36867 , 149 i POKE36869 , 252 SPOKE36879,

233 :rem 236

100 FORI=0TO7:P%{I)=2t(7-l) sNEXT :rem 149

120 FORI=0TO219! POKE7680+I , I s POKE38400+I,

0!NEXTI:X=:88:Y=80 : rem 7

200 GETA? : POKE36876 , 0 : IFA$=" ( UP } "THENY=Y-

1eGOTO900 :rem 114

220 IFA$="iDOWNl "THENY=Y+1 :GOTO900

! rem 160
230 IPA$ = " tLEFT!"THENX=X-l:GOTO900:reni 45
240 IFA$=" fRIGHT] "THENX=X+1 :GOTO900

:rem 172
250 IFA$="D"THENCW%=NOTCW% : POKE36876 , 220 :

GOSUB500iGOTO300 : rem 183

260 IFAS="E"THENEW%=NOTEW%:POKE36876,158t

GOSUB500 : rem 193

280 IFA$=CHR$(147)THENGOSUB980!SYS319:A$=

CHR$(19) :rem 119

290 IFA$=CHR5{19)THENX=88!Y=80:POKE36876,

200:GOSUB500 : rem 120

300 IFA$="S"THENGOSUB550!GOSUB560!POKE251

, LEN ( N? ) ! SYS675 ! SYS694 :0N- ( S=l )G0SUB9

96: RUN irem 236

310 IFA?="L"THENGOSUB550 ;GOSUB560 : POKE251

, LEN(N$ ) :SYS675 tSYS712 :0N-( 8=1 )G0SUB9

96:RUN : rem 221

320 IFA?="Q"THENGOSUB5 50!END ! rem 181
330 IFA?="G"THENA$="X"!GOTO410 : rem 199
340 IFA$=CHRS(199)THENA$="Z"!GOTO410

:rem 52
350 IFA?="+"THENQ%=Q%+l:POKE36876, 160+Q%!

IFQ%>90THENQ%=90 : rem 248

360 IFA$="-"THENQ%=Q%-1:POKE36876,250-Q%:

IFQ%<1THENQ%=1 s rem 141

370 IFA$="e"THENA$="X":GOTO430 : rem 198
380 IFA$="0"THENAS="Z"!GOTO430 : rem 185
390 IFA$=" {F2] "THENGOSUB2000 :RUN : rem 58
400 GOTO900 :rem 102

156 COMPUTEt's Gazelle January

410 Y=0tG%=l:FORY=0TO152STEP8!FORX=lTO168

STEPS !IFX=1THENX=0 :GOSUB900 : rem 120
420 GOSUB900!NEXTX,Y:G%=0;X=88:Y=80!GOTO2

00 srem 148

430 G%=1jX%=X:F0RY=YT0Y+Q%:F0RX=XT0X+Q%:G

OSUB900iNEXTX:X=X%!NEXTY!G%=0!GOTO200

: rem 110
500 FORII=1TO50!NEXTI I: RETURN : rem 169
550 PRINT" {CLR5 EbLK3":POKE36867,I74:POKE3

6869, 240 :POKE36876,0; RETURN ; rem 245
560 INPUT" {BLK 3 NAME: " ;N$:0N-(N5=" " )GOT099

9 SPRINT: INPUT"1-DISK 2-TAPE" ;Si IFS=0G

OT0999 :reni 21

570 POKE157, 128:IFS = 1THEK0PEN15,8,15, "10"

!N?="@:"+N$:PQKE678, 8: RETURN : rem 47
580 INPUT"TAPE OFF" ;0s P0KE678, 1 : RETURN

srem 133
800 K%=PEEK(W%) :S%=K%0RP%(C1) lPOKEW%,S%;R

ETURN : rem 8

805 POKEW%,PEEK(W%)AND(255-P%(C%) ) :IFK%<>

PEEK ( W% ) THENIFA$ <> " Z "THENPOKEW% , S%

srem 223
820 RETURN srem 122

900 W%={YAND15)+4096+16*(22*lNT{Y/l6 )+INT

(X/8) ) :IFW%>7608GOTO200 srem 66
910 C%==XAND7:GOSUB800 sGOSUB805 :POKE36876,

250 srem 132

920 IFA$="Z"THENPOKE36876,160sGOSUB805sON

-{G%=0)GOTO200! RETURN srem 3

930 IFABS(EW%)=:1THENA$="Z"!POKE36876,220:

GOSUBa05:GOTO200 i rem 131

950 IFA$="X"ORABS {CW% )=1THENP0KE36876 , 225

:GOSUB800:IFG%=1THENRETURN srem 149
960 GOTO200 :rem 106

970 FORI=675T0675+46:READA:S=S+AsPOKEI,A:

NEXT!lFS<>5648 GOTO1500 ; rem 173
980 S=0 : RESTORE sFORI = lT047 : READAsNEXTsFOR

I=319TOI+33:READA:S=S+A:POKEI,AsNEXT

5 rem 46
990 IFS04875 GOTO1500 srem 213

994 RETURN : rem 134

996 INPUT#15,ER%,ER$,TK%,SC% iPRINTsPRINTs

PRINTER* ; ER$ , TK% ; SC% s 1FER%=0THENRETUR

N srem S5

999 CL0SE15:END : rem 152

1000 DATA169,3,162,a, 160,3,32,186,255,165
,251,166,51,164,52,32,189,255,96

:rem 76
1010 DATA169, 0,133, 1,169, 16, 133, 2, 162,195

,160,29,169,1,32,216,255,96 :rem 68
1020 DATA169,0, 162, 195,160, 29, 32, 213, 255,

96 srem 121

1030 DATA169,0,133,252, 169,16,133,253,16

2,13, 160 , 0 , 169 ,0,145,252,136, 208 , 249

:rem 200
1040 DATA230, 253, 202, 48, 6, 208, 242, 160, 195

,208,238,141,0,29,96 trem 235
1S00 PRINT" {CLR 3 DATA ERROR"S ; STOP ! rem 161
2000 HIGH=20 sWIDE=22 : ROM=2Tl5 :ADR=36869 sO

PEN4,4:PRINT#4,CHR${8) : rem 18
2010 SIZE=( ( PEEK{ 36867 )AND1 )+l )*8 :SC=PEEK

t648)*256EUC=PEEK(ADR)/8ANDl s rem 214
2030 CH= ( 1-UC )* ROM+{ PEEK ( ADR )AND7)* 1024 ;L

IM=INT({5+WIDE*8)/6)*6 srem 70

2040 FORL=0TOHIGH*SIZE-1STEP7 :FORC=0TOLIM

;A=0:X%=C/8:BIT=2t(7-C+X%*8) sFORR=LT

OR+6 :rem 117

2050 Y%=R/SIZE:CC=PEEK(SC+X%+Y%*WIDE) :MEM

=CH srem 204

2060 IFR<HIGH*8THENIFPEEK(CC*SIZE+MEM-t-R-Y

%*SIZEJANDBITTHENA=A+2T(R-L) srem 148

r^

2065 GETA? : IFA$=" t F4 } "ORL> 1 54THENPRINT#4 ,
CHR${15) !CL0SE4:RETURN :rem 5

2070 NEXTR J PRINT#4 , CHR? (128- ( C <WIDE*a ) *A)
; :NEXTC!PRINT#4!NEXTL:CLOSE4: RETURN

i rem 92

Trap 'Em

Article on page 54.

Program 1 : Trap 'Em— 64 version

100

110
120
130

140
150

160
170

180

190

200

210
220

230

245

250
260
270

280

290

300
310
320

330

340
350
360

370

380

390

CLR:GOSUB670 jGOSUB 520 JGOSUB540 :G0SUB
260:GOSUB460 i rem 19

S1=0 :S2=0 :GOSUB410 : IFFLTHEN100 : rem 25
PRINT" {CLRl"!C=54272 : rem 181

R=R+1 :IFS1>=100OR(S2>=100ANDNP=2)OR(R
=11ANDNP=1)THEN560 : rem 25

PORA=1104TO1143 : POKEA, 160 : POKEA+C, 0 sP
OKEA+8a0 , 160 I POKEA+8a0+C, 0 :NEXT

! rem 253
FORA=1144TO1944STEP40: POKEA, 160: POKEA
+C, 0 :POKEA+39 , 160 : POKEA+39+C, 0:NEXT

:rem 67
IPB$="Y"THENGOSUB490 j rem 178
1FNP=2THENPRINT"{H0ME) {7 SPACES} {rvs}
{RED}RED"S1"{0FF} [13 SPACES} {RVSi
{BLUlBLUE"S2 : rem 136

I FNP=1 THENP RINT" { HOME ) "TAB ( 8 ) " [ RVS J
{RED)SC0RE"S2;SPC(a)"R0UND"R : rem 226
POKE251,194:POKE252,5:POKE253,214:POK
E254,5:POKEa37,7:POKEa38,ll : rem 193
TI$="000000"!SYS49152:SC=INT{Tl/60) si
FNP=1THENSC=SC*LV : rem 230

ONPEEK(a34)GOTO220,230 s rem 211
SP=PEEK{a70)+256*PEEK{S71) :GOSUB245:S
2=S2+SC:GOTO120 -rem 46

SP=PEEK(872)+256*PEEK(873) :GOSnB245:S
1=S1+SC:GOTO120 ; rem 49

F0RA=1T06 ; POKESP, PEEK ( SP } -2 * ( PEEK { SP )
AND128)+12e;FORB=lTO400:NEXT : rem 3
NEXTjRETURN -rem 240

REM OPTION ROUTINE t rem 123

POKE53281 , 1 : PRINT" {CLR} {5 D0WN}"TAB{1
5)"{RED1tRAP 'EM"!POKE198,0 : rem 96
PRINT " ( 3 DOWN } "TAB ( 1 3 ) " { BLU H RVS } I
{OFF} ONE PLAYER": PRINT" {2 DOWN}"TAB(
13)"{RVS}2EOFF} TWO PLAYER" : rem 171
PRINTSPC(13)"{2 DOWN}{RVS}3{0FF} QUIT

jrem 67
GETA$:IPA$<"1"ORA$>"3"THEN300 ; rem 52
IFA$="3"THENPRINT"{CLRt":END : rem 224
NP=VAL(A5):P0KE836,NP SPRINT" (3 DOWN}
{BLK}"TAB(14)"{rvS}jE0FF}0YSTICK OR"

:rem 49
PRINT" {DOWN} "TAB (8) "{RVS}k{OFF}EYBOAR
D AND JOYSTICK 2" : rem 134

GETA?:IFA?="J"THENRETURN ; rem 228
IFA$<>"K"THEN340 -rem 91

PRINT" t CLR} {3 DOWN} (7 SPACES] WHICH KS
Y TO GO UP?":WAIT19a,ltA{l)=PEEK{197)
:POKE198,0 , rem 207

PRINT "{DOWN} {7 SPACES} WHICH KEY TO GO
DOWN?":WAIT19a.l:A{2)=PEEK{197):POKE
1^8'0 , :rem 175

PRINT"(D0WN}{7 SPACES}WHICH KEY TO GO
LEFT?" SWAIT198, 1 :A(3 )=PEEK ( 197 ) s POKE
1^8,0 sreni 164

PRINT" {DOWN} {7 SPACES} WHICH KEY TO GO

RIGHT7":WAIT198,l:A(4)=PEEK{197):POK
E198,0 :rem 249

400 F0RA=1T04:P0KE829+A,A(A) : NEXT: RETURN

! rem 11
410 PRINT" {CLR] {5 DOWN] "SPC( 11 ) "ENTER SPE
ED (0-9)" :rem 1

420 PRINTSPC(7)"{2 DOWN} OR (C) TO CHANGE

{SPACE} OPT IONS" !rem 161

430 GETA$ ; IF ( A? < " 0 "ORA? > " 9" ) ANDA? < > "C "THE

N430 srem 203

440 IFA5="C"THENFL=1 : rem 127

450 LV=VAL(A$) : P=60-LV*6 ;POKE839 , P:P0KE84

0,P!LV=LV+1 : RETURN srem 168

460 PRINT"[CLR}"SPC(8)"[4 DOWN} DO YOU WAN

T BARRIERS?" : rem 88

470 GETB$:IFBS<>"Y"ANDB$<>"N"THEN470

: rem 54
480 RETURN : rem 124

490 FORA=1TO30 srem 57

500 Q=RND[1)*870+1104:IFPEEK(Q)<>32OR{Q>1
463ANDQ<1503)THEN500 : rem 238

510 POKEQ, 160 :POKEQ+C,0:NEXT: RETURN

srem 240
520 REM INITIALIZE srem 109

530 FORA=54272T054296 : POKEA, 0 sNEXT: RETURN

: rem 71

540 POKE54287 , 255 : POKE54290, 129 s POKE54273

,7:POKE54296,15:POKE54277,21 : rem 166

550 POKE5427a,240:RETURN srem 175

560 GOSUB520sIFNP=2THEN600 srem 77

570 PRINT" {CLR} {10 DOWN] "SPC ( 15) " { BLU}SCO

RE:"S2 ;rem 229

580 IFS2>HITHENHI=S2 srem 2

590 PRINTSPC( 16) "{DOWN) (RED] HIGH: "HI: GOTO

640 srem 50

600 W=~(S1>=100)-2*(S2>-=100) jpRINT"[CLR}

{6 DOWN] "SPC(13 ) " { RED}PLAYER"W"WINS 1 "

srem 108
610 PRINT" {2 DOWN} {BLU} {4 SPACES j PLAYERl t
"SlsPRINTSPC{25)"{UP}PLAYER2i"S2

srem 93
620 WI(W)=WI(W)+1 SPRINT" {2 DOWN]

{4 SPACES }WINS[ 3 SPACES }: "WI ( 1) sPRINT
SPC ( 25 ) " E UP ] WINS { 3 SPACES ] s "WI { 2 )

-•rem 99
6 30 Tl=Tl+Sl:T2=T2+S2sPRINT" J2 DOWN]

{4 SPACES] TOTAL {2 SPACES } s "Tl s PRINTSP
C( 25) "{UP} TOTAL {2 SPACES } s "T2 ; rem 176
640 PRINTSPC(15)"{2 DOWN] HIT ANY KEY"sPOK
E198.0 srem 71

650 GETASsIFA$=""THEN650 ,r&m 89

660 ONNPGOTO100,110 . j-em 95

670 1=49152! I FPEEK( I )=32THENRETURN srem 97
680 PRINT" {CLR) {5 DOWN] "SPC( 13 ) "PLEASE WA
^'- srem 37

690 READ As IF A=236 THEN RETURN srem 239
700 POKE I,AsI=I+lsGOTO 690 : rem 243
710 DATA 32,22,192,32,229,192 srem 145
720 DATA 173,66,3,240,1,96 srem 255
730 DATA 32,72,193,165,197,208 srem 210
740 DATA 237,76,15,192,169,33 srem 162
750 DATA 141,4,212,162,3,131 :rem 87
760 DATA 251,157,102,3,202,16 srem 137
770 DATA 248,160,100,173,0,220 srem 185
780 DATA 41,15,201,15,208,3 srem 38
790 DATA 173,70,3,141,61,3 srem 251
800 DATA 141,70,3,173,1,220 srem 30
810 DATA 141,60,3,165,197,205 srem 146
820 DATA 62,3,208,4,162,254 srem 45
830 DATA 208,33,205,63,3,208 srem 94
840 DATA 4,162,253,208,24,205 srem 144

COMPUTE rs Gazette January

157

850 DATA 64,3,208,4,162,251 : rem 47

860 DATA 208,15,205,65,3,208 : rem 99

870 DATA 4,162,247,208,6,173 : rem 106

880 DATA 60,3,76,111,192,138 : rem 103

890 DATA 45,60,3,41,15,201 s rem 247

900 DATA 15,208,3,173,69,3 : rem 255

910 DATA 141,60,3,141,69,3 s rem 247

920 DATA 136,208,166,169,32,141 : rem 253

930 DATA 4,212,206,71,3,208 j rem 40

940 DATA 154,173,72,3,141,71 jrem 98

950 DATA 3,160,0,162,0,185 : rem 245

960 DATA 60,3,74,176,8,169 s rem 15

970 DATA 40,32,199,192,76,190 irem 165

980 DATA 192,74,176,8,169,40 ; rem 120

990 DATA 32,217,192,76,190,192 s rem 214

1000 DATA 74,176,8,169,1,32 :rem 46

1010 DATA 199,192,76,190,192,169 ;rem 58

1020 DATA 1,32,217,192,232,232 :rem 179

1030 DATA 200,204,68,3,208,207 ; rem 182

1040 DATA 96,141,67,3,161,251 : rem 146

1050 DATA 56,237,67,3,149,251 : rem 153

1060 DATA 181,252,233,0,149,252 : rem 239

1070 DATA 96,24,117,251,149,251 : rem 250

1080 DATA 181,252,105,0,149,252 : rem 239

1090 DATA 96,160,0,173,68,3 : rem 50

1100 DATA 201,1,240,35,165,251 : rem 174

1110 DATA 197,253,208,29,165,252 -rem 46

1120 DATA 197,254,208,23,173,27 : rem 249

1130 DATA 212,16,9,169,1,141 ; rem 87

1140 DATA 66,3,32,83,193,96 :rem 55

1150 DATA 169,2,141,66,3,32 irem 41

1160 DATA 105,193,96,160,0,140 : rem 188

1170 DATA 66,3,173,27,212,16 : rem 94

1180 DATA 7,32,41,193,32,53 : rem 43

1190 DATA 193,95,32,53,193,32 : rem 156

1200 DATA 41,193,96,177,251,201 : rem 244

1210 DATA 32,240,5,169.1,141 : rem 81

1220 DATA 66,3,96,173,68,3 : rem 5

1230 DATA 201,1,240,11,177,253 : rem 177

1240 DATA 201,32,240,5,169,2 : rem 82

1250 DATA 141,66,3,96,32,105 : rem 93

1260 DATA 193,173,68,3,201,2 jrem 93

1270 DATA 240,1,96,169,219,145 : rem 204

1280 DATA 253,165,253,24,105,0 :rem 189
1290 DATA 133,106,165,254,105,212 : rem 82

1300 DATA 133,107,169,6,145,106 : rem 240

1310 DATA 96,160,0,169,214,145 : rem 194

1320 DATA 251,165,251,24,105,0 : rem 180
1330 DATA 133,106,165,252,105,212 irem 75

1340 DATA 133,107,169,2,145,106 :rem 240

1350 DATA 96,256 : rem 27

Program 2: Trap 'Em — vie Loader

100 I = 7168!PRINT"[GLR}(5 D0WNH5 SPACESlP

LEASE WAIT" s rem 207

110 READ AtlF A=256 THEN 130 : rem 150

120 POKE I,A:I=I+1:G0T0 110 : rem 226
130 S$="LO"+CHRS{34)+"VT"+CHR$(34}+",8:"+

CHR${131) :rem 167
140 REM CHANGE 8 TO 1 FOR TAPE USERS

: rem 206
150 F0RI=1T0LEN(S$) s POKE630+I , ASC{MID$ ( S$

,1)) :NEXT!P0KE198,I : rem 124

160 DATA 32,22,28,32,10,29 ! rem 241

170 DATA 173,66,3,240,1,96 :rem 254

180 DATA 32,109,29,165,197,208 ! rem 208

190 DATA 237,76,15,28,169,130 :rem 157

200 DATA 141,11,144,162,3,181 : rem 127

210 DATA 251,157,102,3,202,16 : rem 127
220 DATA 248,160,100,169,127,141 : rem 32

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

350

360

370

380

390

400

410

420

430

440

450

460

470

480

490

500

510

520

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550

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570

580

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600

610

620

630

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670

680

690

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730

740

750

760

770

780

790

800

810

820

830

840

850

860

870

880

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

34,145,173,32,145,41 : rem 139

128,74,74,74,74,141 : rem 105

67,3,169,255,141,34 :rem 102

145,173,17,145,74,74 .-rem 155

41,7,13,67,3,41 : rem 148

15,201,15,208,3,173 : rem 87

70,3,141,61,3,141 :rem 241

70,3,169,255,141,60 jrem 91

3,165,197,205,62,3 : rem 44

208,4,162,254,208,33 : rem 141

205,63,3,208,4,162 jrem 38

253,208,24,205,64,3 : rem 91

208,4,162,251,208,15 : rem 141

205,65,3,208,4,162 irem 43

247,208,6,173,60,3 jrem 49

76,139,28,138,45,60 :remll2

3,41,15,201,15,208 : rem 35

3,173,69,3,141,60 :rem 246

3,141,69,3,136,208 : rem 42

138,140,11,144,206,71 irem 184

3,208,128,173,72,3 s rem 44

141,71,3,160,0,162 irem 31

0,173,75,3,240,6 :rem 197

173,61,3,141,60,3 s rem 244

185,60,3,74,176,8 irem 9

169,22,32,236,28,76 irem 109

227,28,74,176,8,169 irem 121

22,32,254,28,76,227 irem 97

28,74,176,8,169,1 irem 8

32,236,28,76,227,28 irem 105

169,1,32,254,28,232 : rem 96

232,200,204,68,3,208 irem 137

207,96,141,67,3,181 irem 104

251,56,237,67,3,149 irem 110

251,181,252,233,0,149 irem 195

252,96,24,117,2 51,149 irem 208

251,181,252,105,0,149 irem 195

252,96,160,0,173,68 irem 100

3,201,1,240,35,165 irem 30

251,197,253,208,29,165 irem 2

252,197,254,208,23,32 :rem200

166,29,16,9,169,1 irem 9

141,66,3,32,120,29 irem 41

96,169,2,141,66,3 j rem 8

32.142.29.96.160.0 srem 48
140,66,3,32,166,29 J rem 53
16,7,32,78,29,32 irem 215
90,29,96,32,90,29 srem 9
32,78,29,96,177,251 srem 115

201.32.240.5.169.1 srem 35
141,66,3,96,173,68 srem 61
3,201,1,240,11,177 irem 31
253,201,32,240,5,169 srem 143
2,141,66,3,96,32 srem 206
142,29,173,68,3,201 srem 101
2,240,1,96,169,219 srem 57
145,253,165,253,24,105 srem 252
0,133,106,165,254,105 srem 185
120,133,107,169,6,145 srem 193
106,96,160,0,169,214 irem 148
145,251,165,251,24,105 srem 243
0,133,106,165,252,105 irem 187
120,133,107,169,2,145 srem 193
106,96,173,74,3,10 srem 52
10,56,109,74,3,141 srem 47
74,3,96,256 srem 232

Program 3:

Trap 'Em — VIC Main Game

100 P0KE52 , 28 :POKE56 , 28 sCLRs POKE36876 ,15

158 COMPUTErs Gazette January

GOSUB270:GOSUB480 ; rem 246 480

110 Sl=0:S2=0:GOSUB430:IFFLTHEN100:rem 27
120 PRINT" {CLR}":C=30720 : rem 173 490

130 R=R+1:IFS1>=100OR(S2>=100ANDNP=2)OR(R

=11ANDNP=1)THEN540 : rem 23 500

140 FORA=7724TO7745:POKEA,160:POKEA+C,0:P 510
OKEA+440,160:POKEA+440+C,0:NEXT:rem 9 520
150 FORA=7746T08142STEP22 :POKEA, 160 : POKEA

+C,0:POKEA+21,160:POKEA+21+C,0:NEXT 330

: rem 60
160 IFB?="Y"THENGOSUB510 ; rem 171 540

170 IFNP=2THENPRINT" f HOME ) fRVS} [RED} RED "S 550
1"{0FF}{7 SPACES) { RVS} [BLU ] BLUE"S2

trem 136 560
180 IFNP=1THENPRINT" [home! fRVS 3 [RED] SCORE 570

"S2" (HOME j"SPC( 12) "ROUND "R : rem 13 3
190 POKE251,22S:POKE252,30:POKE253,235sPO 580

KE254,30:POKE837,7:POKE838,D1 :rem 46
200 TI$="000000":SYS7168:SC=INT(Tl/60) :IF

NP=1THENSC=SC*LV ; rem 183 590

210 ONPEEK(834)GOTO220,2 30 j rem 211
220 SP=PEEK(870)+256*PEEK(B71) :GOSUB240!S

2=S2+SC:GOTO120 : rem 41 600

230 SP=PEEK(a72 )+2S6*PEEKC873 ) :GOSUB240:S
1=S1+SC;GOTO120 ; rem 44

240 POKE36a77,130!FORA=lTO6 : rem 61 610
250 POKESP,PEEK(SP)~2*{PEEK(SP)AND128)+12

8;FORB=lTO400:NEXT:POKE3687a,6-A:NEXT 620

: rem 24
260 POKE36877,0:POKE36878,15:RETURN 630

:rem 87 640
270 REM OPTION ROUTINE : rem 124

280 POKE36879, 25: PRINT "{CLRHS DOWN}" TAB (
7)"{red1tRAP 'EM":POKE198,0 : rem 118
290 PRINT" f 3 DOWN) "TAB (5) "{BLU} {RVS] 1

[OFF 5 ONE PLAYER": PRINT" {2 DOWN)" TAB (

5)"{RVS}2{OPF] TWO PLAYER" : rem 78

300 PRINTSPC{5)" {2 DOWN} [RVS) 3 (OFF} QUIT"

: rem 12
310 GETA$:IFA?<"1"ORA$>"3"THEN310 s rem 54
320 IFA$="3"THENPRINT"{CLr3" SEND : rem 225
330 NP=VAL(A$) ;POKE836,NP ! rem 222
340 Dl=ll :POKE843,0!lFNP=2THEN380:rem 175
3 50 PRINT" {2 DOWN) { RVS ]j{ OFF JOYSTICK OR

[SPACE} [RVS 3K[0FF}EYB0ARD" s rem 53
360 GETA$!lPA?="J"THENPOKE843,l:Dl=7:RETU 100

RN ;rem 110

370 IFA$<>"K"THEN360 : rem 95

380 PRINT"[CLR) (3 DOWN}WHICH KEY TO GO UP ng
";WAIT198,lsA(l)=PEEK(197) :POKE198,0

irem 146
390 PRINT" [DOWN} WHICH KEY TO GO DOWN":WAI 120
T198,1:A(2)=PEEK(197) :POKE198,0

:rem 114 130
400 PRINT" {down} WHICH KEY TO GO LEFT":WAI

TI98,I:A{3)-PEEK{197) :POKE198,0 140

srem 94 150
410 PRINT" {down} WHICH KEY TO GO RIGHT" sWA
IT198,1:A(4)=PEEK(197) !POKE198,0

srem 179 160
420 F0RA=1T04:P0KE829+A,A(A) sNEXT: RETURN

:rem 13
430 PRINT"{CLR} {5 DOWN) {3 SPACES) ENTER SP 170

EED (0-9)" -rem 38

440 PRINT" {2 DOWN) {2 SPACES }0R (C) FOR OP

TIONS" -rem 211 180

450 GETA$ 1 IF ( A? < "0 "ORA$> " 9 " ) ANDA$ < > "C "THE

N450 :rem 207

460 IFA$="C"THENFL=1 -rem 129 190

470 LV=VAL(A$) : P=60-LV*6 :POKE839 , P: POKE84

0,P!LV=LV+l! RETURN srem 170

PRINT"[CLR) (4 DOWN) DO YOU WANT BARRIE
RS?" -rem 167

GETB$ :I FB$ < > "Y"ANDB$ < > "N "THEN490

srem 58
RETURN ,- :rem 117

FORA=lT015 :rem S3

Q=RND(l)*430+7746sIFPEEK{Q)<>32OR(Q>7
899ANDQ<7922)THEN520 : rem 26

POKEQ , 1 60 s POKEQ+C , 0 : NEXT : RETURN

:rem 242
IFNP=2THEN580 : rem 1

PRINT" (CLR) (8 D0WN}"SPC(7)"{BLU)SCORE
■"S2 : rem 146

IFS2>HITHENHI=S2 srem 0

PRINTSPC{e)"{DOWN} (RED) HIGH: "HI :G0T06
20 srem 255

W=- ( SI i> = 100)-2*(S2> = 100): PRINT" [CLR)
(5 D0WN}"SPC(5) " (RED) PLAYER "W"WINS 1 "

srem 51
PRINT" {2 DOWN}{BLU)SC{2 SPACES) : "SI :P
RINTSPC ( 12 ) " { UP } SC { 2 SPACES } : "S2

srem 143
WI (W)=WI (W)+l SPRINT" {2 DOWNlWINSs "WI(
1 ) : PRINTSPC ( 12 ) " ( UP ) WINS : "WI ( 2 )

: rem 93
T1=T1+S1 :T2=T2+S2:PRINT" {2 D0WN}T0T s
"T1sPRINTSPC(12)"[UP}T0T !"T2;rem 144
PR1NTSPC(6)"{2 DOWN] HIT ANY KEY": POKE
198,0 -rem 21

GETAS:IFA5=""THEN630 : rem 85

ONNPGOTO100,110 -rem 93

Magazine Indexer

Article on page 66.

BEFORE TYPING . . .
Before typing in programs, please refer to
"How To Type In COMPUTEl's GAZETTE
Programs," which appears before the Program
Listings.

SYS65517 sZ=PEEK(781 ) :IFZ=40THENPOKE53
281,0:I?="":V=10:R$="":DIMAR9(500)

srem 56
IPZ=22THENPOKE36879, 14 s I$=" [ 2 DOWN) " :
V=5:R$="(5 RIGHT }"sQ$=CHR5( 13) :DIMAR$
(50) :rem 77

DIM H?{7),B(3),T{3),MG?(3)iBL?="
(16 SPACES}" jrem 44

B(0)=lsB(l)=llsB(2)=16sB(3)=31iT(0)=l
0:T(1)=5:T(2)=15:T(3)=1 srem 9

J$="ARTICLES BY " : rem 118

H$(0)="{RVS} {YEL}MAGAZINE{ofF) (WHT}":
H${1)="[RVS3 (CYN) DATE {OFF} [WHT}"

:rem 166
H$ ( 2 ) =" [ RVS } { PUR) TITLE { OFF ) [WHT } " s H$ (
3)=" (RVS) {RED} CATEGORY [off) [WHT}"

srem 156
HS(4)="TITLE OF { RVS }{ YEL} MAGAZINE
(0FF)":H$(5)="ISSUE DATE {RVS}{CYN){M
M/YY){OPF}" srem 18

H?(6)="TITLE OF (RVS) {PUR)ARTICLE
{0FF}":H$(7)="ARTICLE [RVS} [red)caTEG
ORY[OFF}" srem 57

PRINT" f CLR) {DOWN) [3 RIGHT) { WHT) {RVS)
{ CYN ) MAGAZINE ( OFF ) ( RVS ) INDEXER [ WHT }
[OFF) (2 DOWN)" .rem 212

COMPUTEf's Gazstto January

159

200

210

220

230

240
250

260

270
280

290
300

310
320

330
340

350

360
370

380
390
400
410
420

430
440

450

460
470
480
490
500
510

520

530

540

550
560
570

580
590
600
610
620

PRINT"1. LOAD ALL ARTICLES" : PRINT"2 ,
(space) LIST ALL ARTICLES" : rem 23 3
PRINT"3. ENTER NEW ARTICLES" : PRINT "4 .
DELETE PREVIOUS "RS " ENTRIES ": rem 245
PRINT"5, LIST "J$R$H$(0) ;PRINT"6. LIS

; rem 82

"J$R$H?(2) !PRINT"8. LIS

! rem 91

DATA AND END" j rem 193

RIGHT} {RVS} SELECT CHOI

26

T "J5R5H$(1}

PRINT"?. LIST

T "JSR$H?(3)

PRINT"9. SAVE

PRINT"(D0WN3 (3

CE[0PF1 "; :rem

GETC$:C=VAL(C$) t IFC<1ORC>9THEN260

! rem 207
PRINTC$:PORI=lTa750!NEXT : rem 29
ONCGOTO700,420,290,640,510,510,510,51
0,700 ; rem 100

N=N+1 :rem 208

PRINT" { CLR } " f TAB( 5 ) " { RVS } NEW ENTRIES
{down} ":PRINTTAB (5) "RECORD #"N

srem 146
PORK=0TO3 ! PRINT" ( DOWN } "H$ ( K+4 ) ;

srem 199
P0RJ=lT0T{K)+3!pRINT"[RVS}tWHT} "; :NE
XT!P0RJ=lT0T(K)+3 : PRINT" {LEFT } " ; :NEXT
sINPUTMG$(K) :rem 63

IFK=1ANDMID$ t MG$ { K) , 3 , 1 ) <> " / "THENMG$ (
K)="0"+MG${K} trem 176

MG$(K)=LEFT$(MG?(K),T(K) ) sMG$(K)=MG$(
K)+LEFT${BL$,T(K)-LEN(MG$(K)) ) :NEXTK

: rem 101
AR$ ( N)=MG$ ( 0 ) +HG$ { 1 ) +MG$ ( 2 ) +MG$ ( 3 )

: rem 150
FORK=0TO3 :MG5(K)="" sNEXT : rem 150
PRINT" (5 DOWN 3 PRESS ( RVS 3 RETURN { OPF ]
{SPACE] FOR ADD'L ENTRIES" :GOSUB910

:rem 98
GETC$:IFC$=""THEN380 i rem 93

IPC?=CHR5{13)THEN290 : rem 79

IFC$="{F1)"THEN190 srem 89

C$="" :GOTO380 i rem 139

IFN=0THENPRINT" (DOWN) { RVS ) {YEL}N0 ART
ICLES ON FILE. "!F0RJ=1T01 500 sNEXT: GOT

0190
1 = 1
LC=0:
{OFF!

'ARTICLES

HD$ = "{ RVS 1 LIST

" 3GOSUB850
LC=LC-t-l s GOSUB870 : GOSUB880
NANDLCOVTHEN450
GOSUB900

GETCH5 :IPCH$=""THEN470
IFCH$=" (Pl] "ORI>NTHEN190
IFCH$=CHR$( 13 )THEN440
GOTO470
PRINT" (DOWN) {WHT}"TAB(2)H5(C

s rem 72

srem 78
FILE
:rem 251
I=I+1:IPI<=

:rem 59
srem 179
srem 23 7

:rem 31
trem 149
: rem 105
1 ) :C=C-5

srem 148

F0RJ=lT0TtC)+3sPRINT"(RVS} {wt!T} "; :NE
XTsF0RJ=lT0T(C)+3 : PRINT" {LEFT )" ; sNEXT
sINPUTMHS irem 150

IPC=1ANDMID$ ( MH5 , 3 , 1 ) <> " / " THENMH$= " 0 "
+MH$ srem 217

MH$ = LEFT$(MH?,T{C)) eMH$=MH$-«-LEFT$ ( BL$
,T(C)-LEN{MH$)) trem 140

1=1 srem 81

LC=0:HD5=J5+H$(C) SGOSUB850 srem 174
GOSUB870 : IFMH$=MG5{C)THENGOSUB880;LC=
LC+1 : rem 6

1=1+1 :IFI<=NANDLC<>VTHEN570 : rem 158
GOSUB900 srem 183

GETC? sIFC$=""THEN600 srem 83

IFC?="(F1]"ORI>NTHEN190 srem 210
IFC9=CHR${13)THEN560 srem 75

630
640

650

660

670

680

690
700

710

720

730
740
750
760

770

780
790

800

810
820
830

840
850

860
870
880
890
900
910

GOTO600 irem 104

PRINT" {DOWNHwHT) {2 RIGHT 3 DELETE REC
{SPACE} #"; srem 166

INPUT" {RVS}{WHTl{3 SPACES] {3 LEFT}
[CYN}";A5sIFA$=""THEN650 srem 21
I=VAL(AS) 3lFI>NTHENPRINT"{RVS} fYEL}RE
CORD NOT ON FILE. " ; sGOTO690 srem 241
AR$(l)=""sPRINT"{2 RIGHT} {RVS 3 {YEL}RE
CORD DELETED."; srem 131

N=N-1:F0RJ='IT0N:AR$(J)=AR$(J + 1) sNEXT

srem 167
FORI=lTO1000sNEXTsGOTO190 trem 39
PRINT" {CLR}D1SK or CASSETTE {D/C)"

:rem 42
GETE$ s IF( E$ <> "D"ANDE$<> "C" )ORE$=" "THE
N710 srem 245

IFE$="D"THENF$="g0 : ARTICLES ":Dl=l:GOT
0740 srem 156

F$="ARTICLES"sDl=0:G$="" srem 30
IFC=9THEN780 srem 177

IFD1=1THENG?=",S,R" trem 38

OPENl , 1 + 7*D1 , 8*D1 , F$+G$ sGOSUB810

trem 224
INPUTf 1 , N : F0RI = 1T0N s INPUT* 1 , AR$ { I } s NE
XT;GOSUBB10sCLOSEI SGOSUB810 sGOTO190

srem 109
IFD1=1THENG$=",S,W" trem 46

OPENl , 1+7*D1 , 1+7*D1 ,F$+G$ 5GOSUBS10

srem 62
PRINT#l,NsFORI=lTONs PRINT* 1,AR$(I) sNE
XT:GOSUB810sCLOSElsGOSUB810:END

srem 101
IFD1=0THENRETURN srem 25

IFO=0THENOPEN15,8,15sO=l srem 153
INPUT* 15 , A, B? , C, D s IFATHENPRINTA, B$ , C ,
DsSTOP s rem 138

RETURN s rem 124

PRINT" {CLR} {WHT)"HD$s PRINTS PRINT"

£rvs)rec#Iopf}{2 spaces! (RVS 3 magazine

iaFF]{3 spaces}"; srem 84

PRINTQ$"{RVS)DATE{OFP} (2 SPACES} { RVS J
ARTICLE TITLE{D0WN}" sRETURN srem 105
FORK=0TO3 s MG$ t K) =MID$ { AR$ (l),B(K),T(K
)) sNEXTs RETURN srem 56

X0=LEN(STRS(I)) sXl$=LEFT?t "***", 4-X0)
+RIGHT?(STR$(I) ,X0-1 ) s rem 206
PRINT" "Xl$"{2 SPACES} "MG$(0)" "Q$MG5
(1)" "MG$(2)" ": RETURN srem 108
IFI<=NTHENPRINT"£ DOWN} {WHT 3 PRESS

I RVS) RETURN {OFF} TO CONT '

;rem 93

PRINT" {WHT)PRESS {rVS)F1{0FF) FOR MEN
U"; 5 RETURN srem 137

Baker's Dozen

Aiiicic oil }iage 133.

BEFORE TYPING . . .

Before typing in programs, please refer to
"How To Type In COMPUTERS GAZETTE
Programs," which appears before the Program
Listings.

Program 1 : qmiu

10 PRINTCHR9{147)CHR$(5) s POKE53280 , 0 s POKE

53281,0 srem 242

20 R=54272sA=l J rem 222

160 COMPUTE! s Gaialte January

30 N=INT(10*RND{l))+l:P=INT(10*RND(l))+lj
Q=INT(15*RND(1))+1 : rem 29

40 V=INT(1000*RND(1))+1024:M=INT(255*RND(
1))+1 :rem 254

50 IFV+N>2023THEHV=V-N:GOTO40 : rem 50
60 IFV+(40*P)>-2023THENV=V-(V0*P} !GOTO40

:rem 23
70 F0RZ=1T0P -rem 9

80 FORX=lTONiPOKEV+A,M!POKEV+A+R,Q!V=V+A:
NEXT :rem 215

90 V=V+40-N ji-em 92

100 NEXTZ:GOTO30 j rem 0

Program 2: Double Diamond

10 PRINTCHR$(147) !FORX=1TO500 ;NEXT

: rem 116
20 POKE53280,0:POKE53281,0 : rem 183
30 V=1475:A=-39:B=-41:C=39:D=4l!W=1491 :Q=
INT(255*RND(1))+1:PRINTQ:S=55753

;rera 189
40 U=55757 -rem 3

50 T=INT(15*RND{1))+1 : rem 132

60 POKEV.Q: POKES, TtPRINTT : rem 191
70 N=l s P0RX=1T0N : POKEV+A, Q ! POKES+A, T : V=V+
A:S=S+A!NEXT : rem 220

80 F0RX=1T0N ! POKEV+B, Q sPOKES+B, T : V=V+B: S=
S+B:NEXT : rem 235

90 N=N+1 !F0RX=1T0N : POKEV+C, Q : POKES+C, T : V=
V+C!S=S+C:NEXT :rem 95

100 F0RX=1T0N:P0KEV+D,Q!P0KES+D,T:V=V+D:S
=S+D:NEXT -rem 28

110 N=N+1 ;F0RX=1T0N: POKEV+A, Q: POKES+A, TsV
=V+A!S=S+A!NEXT : rem 128

120 F0RX=1T0N:P0KEV+B,Q!P0KES+B,T;V=V+B:S
=S+BiNEXT :rem 22

130 IFV>1042THEN90 : rem 22

140 POKEW,Q! POKED, T s rem 214

150 N=l jFORX=lTON:POKEW+A,Q:POKEU+A,TtW=W
+A!U=U+A;NEXT : rem 20

160 FORX=lTON:POKEW+B,Q;POKEU+B,T:W=W+B:U
=U+B:NEXT -rem 35

170 N=N+1:F0RX=1T0N:PDKEW+C,Q:P0KEU+C,T!W
=W+C!U=U+C!NEXT :rem 151

180 F0RX=1T0N:P0KEW+D,Q:P0KEU+D,T!W=W+D:U
=U+D:NEXT : rem 45

190 N=N+1 : F0RX=1T0N : POKEW+A, Q ! POKEU+A, T;W
=W+A!U=U+A:NEXT : rem 145

200 P0RX=1T0N:P0KEW+B,Q:P0KEU+B,T:W=W+B:U
=U+B:NEXT trem 30

210 IFW>1042THEN170 -rem 69

220 FORX=1TO1000:NEXT : rem 30

230 GOTO10 ;rem 47

Program 3: Tunnels

10 POKE53280,0:POKE53281,

20 A=lsB=-l:C=40:D=-40iN=

30 FORZ=1TO12!GOSUB110

40 V=V-39:N=N+1

50 NEXT

60 V=V+42 :N=N-1

70 FORZ=1TO12:GOSUB110

80 V=V+42:H=N-1

90 NEXT

100 END

110 Q=INT(15*RND(1))+1

120 F0RX=1T0N: POKEV+A, 67

AsNEXT
130 POKEV,75tPOKEV+P,Q

0:PRINTCHR$(147)

! rem 107

1:P=54272:V=1984

:rem 246

! rem 100

: rem 85

:rem 164

:rem 81

:rem 104

:rem 83

:rem 168

; rem 104

:rem 174

POKEV+A+P , Q : V=V+

! rem 32

:rem 104

140 FORX=lTON:POKEV+D,66!POKEV+D+P,Q:V=V+

DtNEXT ,rem 42

150 POKEV,73:POKEV+P,Q -rem 104

160 F0RX=1T0N : POKEV+B, 67 : POKEV+B+P , Q : V=V+

BrNEXT . rem 39

170 POKEV,85!POKEV+P,Q ; rem 109

180 FORX=lTON : POKEV+C, 66 ! POKEV+C+P , Q ; V=V+

CsNEXT ,rem 43

190 POKEV,74:POKEV+P,Q -rem 109

200 RETURN -rem 114

Program 4: Christmas Tree

10 PRINTCHR$ { 147 ) I POKE53280 , 0 : POKE53281 , 0

:rem 107
20 F0RX=1 TO 1000; NEXT : rem 236

30 PRINTCHR$(147) -rem 222

40 DIMP(156) :rem 123

50 P0RK=1T0156:READP(K):NEXT :rem 255
60 K=INT(156*RND(1))+1 -rem 178

70 B=P(K)+54272 -rem 1

80 C=INT(14*RND(1))+1 -rem 117

90 POKEP(K),42:POKEB,C :rem 48

100 GOTO60 -rem 48

110 DATA1042, 1082, 1122,1161, 1162, 1163

:rem 62
120 DATA1201, 1202,1203, 1241,1242, 1243

:rem 51
130 DATAl 280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1320

: rem 81
140 DATA1320,13 21,13 22,1323,1324,1360

:rem 61
150 DATA1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1399, 1400

srem 89
160 DATA1401, 1402,1403,1404, 1405, 1439

; rem 70
170 DATAl 440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445

:rem 83
180 DATA1479, 1480, 1481 , 1482 , 1483 , 1484

:rem 111
190 DATA1485, 1518, 1519, 15 20,1521,15 22

:rem 92
200 DATA1S23, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1558, 1559

: rem 97
210 DATA1560, 1561, 1562, 1563,1564, 1565

;rem 96
220 DATAl 566, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602

: rem 99
230 DATA1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1637, 1638

:rem 92
240 DATA1639, 1640,1641, 1642, 1643, 1644

:rem 96
250 DATA1645, 1646, 1647, 1677,1678, 1679

:rem 130
260 DATA16B0, 1681,1682, 1683,1684,1685

:rem 119
270 DATA1686, 1687, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720

! rem 119
280 DATAl 721, 1722, 1723,1724,1725,1726

:rem 97
290 DATA1727, 1756, 1757,1758,1759,1760

:rem 130
300 DATA1761, 1762,1763,1764,1765,1766

:rem 114
310 DATA1767, 1768, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799

:rem 151
320 DATA1800 , 1801 , 1802 , 1803, 1804, 1805

:rem 80
330 DATA1806, 1807, 1808, 1836,1837,1838

:rem 117
340 DATA1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844

trem 109

COMPUTEI's Qazette January

161

350 DATA1845,ia46,1847, 1848, 1882. 1922

: rem 125
360 DATA1962, 2000, 2001 , 2002 , 2003, 2004

; rem 53

Math Dungeon

Article oi\ page 62.

Note: Requires at least 8K memory expansion to run on a
VIC.

BEFORE TYPING . . .
Before typing in programs, please refer to
"How To Type In COMPUTE'/s GAZETTE
Programs," which appears before the Program
Listings.

110

120
130
150
155
160

170

180
190

200

210
220
230
240

250

260

270
280

290
300

310

320

330

340
350
360
370
380
390
400

410

415

; rem 66

:rem 43

rrem 99

I rem 102

255

:GOS

109

DIM CM$ ( 22 ) , CM ( 22 ) , IN? ( 5 ) , IN { 5 ) , OB? ( 1

3),OB(13),DS?{40),FL(10,10) irem 157

SYS65517:CC=PEEK(781) : rem 173

IFCC=40THENPOKE53281,1 trem 8

GOSUB 700tGOSUB1620 : rem 48

PRINT" {clr}" :rem 255

GOSUB790 :CM{2 )=1 :CM ( 5 )=1 :FORI=14T019 :

CM{I)=1 :NEXT:0B(1)=1 s rem 79

PR$=DS$ ( 1 ) :GOSUB2570 ! IFGTTHENPRS=DS$ (

2)sGOSUB2570 jrem 188

IFGT=0THENPR$=DS? (3) :GOSUB2570 : rem 41

GOSUB2310!lFPL=2ORPL=5THENGOSUB800:GO

TO190 :rem 183

IFPL=16ANDGT=0THENPR$=DS$(3) :GOSUB257

0:GOTO190

IFPL=16THEN280

IFPL>16THENGOTO250

GOTO 170

PRINT" [CLR}":PR?=DS$(4) :GOSUB2570

; rem
GQSUB790 : FORI = 14T019 : CM (I }=1 : NEXT ;
UB2310:IFPL=16THEN2a0 ; rem
IFPL=I 5THENPR? = DS$ ( 4 ) : G0SUB2 5 70

:ren\ 96
GOTO250 :rem 105

GOSUB790 ! PRINT" {CLRl " tCM( 1 )=1 :CM{ 3 )=1
:CM(6)=1 !P0RI=14T019!CM{I)=1 sNEXT

: rem 241
CM(4)=1 ■•rem 30

PR?=DS? ( 5 } :GOSUB2570 : IPMB=0THENPR?=DS
?(6) ;GOSUB2570 : rem 32

IFMBTHENPR?=DS5(7) :CM ( 7 )=1 :GOSUB2570 :
IFNT=ITHENPR?=DS? { 11 } sGOSUB 2570

! rem 112
IFFD=0THENPR$=DS? ( 8 ) : NT=I : GOSUB2570

:retn 99
IFFDTHENPR?=DS?{9} :NT=0 :GOSUB2570

GOSUB2310:IFPL=15THEN300

IF(PL=ia)OR(PL=19)THENGOTO300

IFPL=17THENGOTO160

IF(PL=16)AND(FD=0)THEN320

IFPL=16ANDFD=0THEN320

IFPL=I6THEN450

IFPL=ITHENPR$=DS?(I0):GOSUB2570

:rem 84
IP t PL=3 )0R( PL=6 ) THENGOSUB900 : GOTO340

: rem 212
IFPL=7ANDNT=0THENPRINT"I SEE NO NOTE
{space 3 HERE r':GOTO340 : rem 99

rem

247

rem

167

rem

234

rem

104

rem

153

rem

248

:rem 51

420 IPPLO7THEN340 : rem 56

430 PR$="THERE IS A QUESTION ON THE NOTE.

":GOSUB2570 : rem 21

435 GOSUB13 20:IFWR=1THENGOTO160 ;rem 193

440 PR?=DS$(12) :GOSUB2570:PR$=DS?(13) sGOS

UB2570!FD=1 !MB=0 :GOTO340 : rem 57

450 GOSUB790!PRINT"{CLR}{7 DOWN]"; s rem 9

470 PR?="A TRAP DOOR OPENS BENEATH YOUR F

EET AND YOU BEGIN SLIDING DOWN A "

jrem 53
480 PR$=PR?+"CHUTE. YOU PASS A NEON SIGN
I SPACE} THAT SAYS :" :G0SUB2 570 : PRINT

: rem 75

490 PR$="{11 SPACESl'MATH DUNGEON' " :GOSUB

2570 srem 244

500 PRINT :PR$=" (13 SPACES )' LEVEL "+STR${L

V)+"' "!GOSUB2570:PRINT!PRINT :rem 41

510 PR$="PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE" : GOSUB

2570 srem 203

520 GETA?!lFA$=""THEN520 srem 81

530 LT=1 : PX=INT ( RND ( 1 ) * 10 ) +1 ! PY=INT ( RND ( 1

)*I0)+1:FL(PY,PX}=2 : rem 0

540 GOSUB790:CM(9)=lsFORI=12TO19:CM(l)=li

NEXT:CMt9)=LTjCM{22)=l : rem 251

550 IFFL{ PY , PX ) =2THENPRINT" { CLR } " : PR?=DS$

(14) SGOSUB2570 : rem 193

560 IFFLCPY,PX)=lTHENPRINT"{CLRl":PR?=DS$

(15):GOSUB2570 ! rem 194

570 IPLT=1THENPR?=DS$ ( 16 ) :GOSUB2570

; rem 102
580 GOSUB2310 t rem 227

590 IFPL=9T[1ENGOSUB950:GOTO580 ;rem 156
600 IFPL=12THENGOSUB970:GOTO580 : rem 192
610 IFPL=13THENGOSUB1000:GOTO580 : rem 227
620 IFPL=15ANDLO=0THEN550 srem 10

630 IPPL=15ANDLO=1THENGOSUB1020!GOTO570

:rem 196
640 IFPL=14THEN580 : rem 51

650 IFPL=22THENGOSU82470:GOTO670 : rem 243
660 IPPL>15THENGOSUB1560:IF(LO=0)OR(WA=1)
THEN580 srem 204

670 ONZGOSUB1B60, 1860,2000 srem 204
680 G0TO670 ;rem 116

690 END :rem 118

700 PRINT"[CLR1{9 DOWN} " ;IFCC=40THENPRINT
TAB(10) J :GOTO720 srem 16

710 PRINTTAB{l)f srem 185

720 PRINT" {4 SPACES} MATH DUNGEON

[ 3 SPACES 3 " : PRINT " ( DOWN 3 " : I PCC=40THEN

PRINTTAB(12) ; :GOTO740 : rem 64

730 PRINTTAB{4)? : rem 190

740 PRINT "A MATH ADVENTURE" : rem 133

750 PRINT" (HOME) 1 21 DOWN} "TAB (8) : :PR$="EN

TER DESIRED LEVEL (1-5)" : rem 219

760 GOSUB2570:PRINTTAB(8) r sINPUTLV;IPLV<l

ORLV>5THENGOTO750 j rem 75

770 P0RI=1T022:READCM$ (I) sNEXT:F0RI=lT05 :

READIN?(I) sNEXT : rem 52

780 F0RI=1T029:READDS?(I) sNEXT: RETURN

: rem 137

790 FORI=lTO22sCM(I)=0:NEXTIsIFIN(5)=lTHE

KCM ( 20 )=l! RETURN : rem 38

800 IFPL=2ANDGT=1THENPR?="THE GATE IS ALR

EADY OPEN.":GOSUB2570 srem 12

810 IFPL=2ANDGT=0THENGT=1:PRINT"OK."

srem 25

820 IFPL=5ANDGT=0THENPRS="THE GATE IS ALR
EADY CLOSED. " 5 GOSUB2570 srem 152
830 IFPL=5ANDGT=1THENGT=0 JPRINT"OK. "

: rem 30
840 RETURN srem 124

162 COMPUTEls Gajedo January

850
860

870

880

890
900

910

920

930

940
950

960

970

980

990

IFPL=1ANDFD=1THENPR$="THE DOOR IS ALR
EADY OPEN. "5GOSUB2570 trem 18

IFPL=1ANDFD=0THENFD=1 : PRINT "OK . "

: rem 251
IFPL=4ANDFD=0THENPR$="THE DOOR IS ALR
EADY CLOSED. '•SGOSUB2570 : rem 158
IFPL=4ANDFD=1THENFD=0: PRINT "OK."

:rein 0
RETURN jrem 129

IFPL=3ANDMB=1THENPR$="THE MILKBOX IS
{SPACE} ALREADY OPEN. " :GOSUB2570

srem 247
IFPL=3ANDMB=0THENMB=1 : PRINT"OK . " : CM ( 7
}=1 :rem 195

IPPL=6ANDMB=>0THENPR$ = "THE MILKBOX IS
(space} ALREADY CLOSED. " :GOSUB2570

:rein 131
IFPL=6ANDMB=1THENMB=0:PRINT"OK. " !CM( 7
)=0 :rem 199

RETURN :rem 125

IFIN(1 )=1THENPR$="Y0U ALREADY HAVE TH
E LIGHT. ": G0SUB2 5 70: RETURN : rem 118
IFLT=1THENLT=0:IN(1)=1:PRINT"OK. "!CM(
9 }=0: RETURN : rem 231

IFIN(1)=0THENPR?="YDU DO NOT HAVE A L
IGHT."!GOSUB2570t RETURN j rem 89
IFLO=0THENPRINT"OK. " !L0=1 : RETURN

srem 93
IFL0=1THENPR?="THE LIGHT IS ALREADY O
N. ":GOSUB2570!RETURN srem 20

1000 IFLO=0THENPR$="THE LIGHT IS ALREADY
{SPACE}OFF. ":GOSUB2S70 sRETURN

: rem 112
1010 IFLO=1THENPRINT"OK. " ;LO=0; RETURN

5 rem 126
1020 PRINT "{CLR}"DS$(16-FL(PY,PX}): rem 39
1030 EC=PX+1:DN$="EAST":IFEC=11THENGOTO10
50 :ren\ 73

IFFL(PY,EC)<>0THENGOSUB1120 : rem 177
WC=PX-1 ! DN$="WEST" ! IFWC=0THENGOTO107
0 :rem 87

IFFL(PY,WC)<>0THENGOSUB1120 : rem 197
NC=PY-1 ! DN$= "NORTH " !IFNC=0THENGOTO10
90 :rem 146

IFFL(NC,PX)<>0THENGOSUB1120 : rem 189
SC=PY+1:DN$="S0UTH":IFSC=11THENG0T01
110 :rem 207

IFFL(SC,PX)<>0THENGOSUBH20 : rem 187
RETURN -rem 163

PRINTDN$" IS A DOORWAY. ".'RETURN

:rem

1040
1050

1060
1070

1080
1090

1100
1110
1120

149

1130 IFGK=0ANDBK=0ANDRK=0THENPRINT"WHAT K

1140
1150
1160

1170

1180
1190
1200

EY?" : RETURN
PRINT "OK."
IFGKTHENGK=0 :
IFBKTHENBK=0;
IFRKTHENRK=0 ;

IN{2)=1
IN(3)=1
IN{4}=1:

RETURN

IFGDO1THEN1220

IFIN( 2 )=0THENPR$=DS$ ( 10

ETURN

srem 115

! rem 95

RETURN :rem 242

RETURN :rem 234

BD=2; RETURN

srem 59
:rem 170
srem 13 2
GOSUB2570:R
rem 26

1210 IFIN(2)=1THENPRS=DS$(27) :GOSUB2570:M
A=l;CM(ll)=lfCM(l)=0!RETURN srem 254
IFBDO1THEN1250 -rem 124

IFIN( 3 )=0THENPR$=DS9 ( 10 ) :GOSUB2570 : R

1220
1230

ETURN

:rem 30

1240 IPIN(3)=1THENPRS=DS$(28) :GOSUB2570:C

M(8)=l :RK=1:CM(1)=0 : RETURN : rem 232

1250 IFRDO1THEN1280 : rem 146

1260 IFIN(4)'=0THENPR?=DS?(10) ;GOSUB2570:R

ETURN
1270 IFIH(4)=1THENPRINT"(CLR}'
) :GOSUB2570 :GOSUB2520
RETURN

:rem 34
:PR$=DS${29
:rem S3
rem 171

rem 243
rem 142
rem 254
:rem 91
: rem 47
rem 230

1280

1290 G=INT(RND{1)*LV*10)+1:PR$="YOU HAVE

[SPACE}F0UND "+STR?(G)+" GOLD PIECES

srem 31
1300 GOSUB2570tGP=GP+G:PR$="YOU NOW HAVE

{SPACE}"+STR$(GP)+" GOLD PIECES. ":G0

SUB2570
1310 CM (10 )=0 : RETURN
1320 0P=INT(RND(1)*4)+1
1340 IF(LV<=2)AND{OP>=3)THEN13 20
1350 PRINT"WHAT IS..."?
1360 ONOPGOTO1370, 1400,1430,1460
1370 X=INT(RND(1)*LV*10) ;Y=INT( RND( 1 ) *LV*

10) :rem 34

1380 IFLV>4THENX=X-INT( RND( 1 ) *LV*5 ) :Y=Y-I

NT(RND(1)*LV*5) j rem 168

1390 Z1=X+Y:PRINTX" + "Y"?" ; INPUTZ? :GOSUB

1510:IFWR=2THEN1390 srem 129

1395 RETURN -rem 178

1400 X=INT(RND(1)*LV*10) :Y=1NT ( RND( 1 ) *LV*

10) :rem 28

1410 IFLV<=3THENIFy>XTHENT=X!X=Y:Y=T

srem 180
1420 Zl=X-y!pRINTX" - "Y"?"!lNPyTZ$sGOSUB

1510:IFWR=2THEN1420 j rem 121

1425 RETURN :rem 172

1430 X=INT(RND{1}*LV*5) sY=INT(RND ( 1 ) *LV*5

) I rem 199

1440 IFLV> = 4THENX=X-INT(RND(1)'*LV*2) :Y=Y-

INT(RND(1)*LV*2) srem 220

1450 Z1=X*Y:PRINTX" * "Y"?" :INPUTZ$ sGOSUB

1510sIFWR=2THEN1450 ;rem 121

1455 RETURN -rem 175

1460 X=INT{RND{1)*LV*5) :Y=INT(RND(1)*LV*5

) srem 202

1470 IFLV>=4THENX=X-INT(RND(1)*LV*3) sY=Y-

1NT(RND(1)*LV*3) srem 225

1480 IFy=0THENY=l srem 24

1490 Zl=X/YsIFZl<>INT(Zl)THEN1460 srem 5
1500 PRINTX" / "Y"?": INPUTZ?

1505 GOSUB1510:IFWR=2THEN1490

1506 RETURN
1510 IFVAL(Z?) <>0THENZ2=VAL(Z?) :GOTO1540

srem 153
1520 IFZ$<>"0"THENPR$="ANSWER THE QUESTIO

N FIRST I "sGOSUB2570sWR=2: RETURN

srem 255
1530 Z2=VAL(Z$) -rem 68

1540 IFZ1 = Z2THENPRINT" (CLR } CORRECT 1 1 " sWR=

0! RETURN :rem 254

1550 PRINT" (CLR} INCORRECT 1 1" :WR=lsRETURN

srem 133
1560 WA=0sIFLO=0THENPR$="I'D TURN ON MY L

IGHT FIRST. "sGOSUB2570sGOTO1610

srem 73
1570 C=ABS{PL=18)-ABS{PL=19) s D=ABS ( PL=17 )

-ABS(PL=16) jTX=PX+CsTY=PY+D srem 121
1580 IFTX=11DRTX=0ORTY=11ORTY=0THENPRINT"

THERE IS A WALL THERE. " :WA=1 sG0T0161

0 srem 176

1590 IFFL(TY,TX)=0THENPRINT "THERE IS A WA

LL THERE. ":WA=1:GOTO1610 srem 217
1600 PX=TX3PY=TY -rem 37

1610 Z=FL(PY,PX) J RETURN j rem 217

1620 FORI=1TO10:FORJ=1TO10:FL(I,J)=0;NEXT

JsNEXTI -rem 22

1625 NM=INT(RND(1)*10)+LV:I=1 srem 145
1630 X=INT(RND(l)*10)+l!Y=INT(RND(l)*10)+

srem 66
rem 240
rem 172

CQMPUTErs GaiettB January

163

1:1FFL(Y,X}=3THEN1630 : rem 51
1640 PL(Y,X)=3 : 1=1+1 :IFI<=NMTHEN1630 2070

srem 127 2080
1650 F0RI=1T0KM*2 srem 4 2090

1660 X=INT(RND(l)*10)+l!Y=INT(RND(l)*10)+ 2100

I ; rem 68

1670 IFFL(Y,X)=3THEN1660 :rem 137 2110
1680 FL(Y,X)=0:NEXTI srem 190 2120

1690 FORI=1TO10!FORJ=1TO10 : rem 79 2130
1700 IFFLd, J)=3THENGOSUB1780 : rem 232 2140
1710 NEXTJ:NEXTI :rem 20 2150

1720 GOSUB1840;GX=X:GY=Y:IF(BX=XANDBy=y)O 2160
R(RX=XANDRY=Y)ORFL(Y,X)=0THEN17 20 2170

srem 78 2180
17 30 GOSUB 1840 : BX=X : BY=Y ; IF ( GX=XANDGY=Y)0

R(RX=XANDRY=y)ORFL{Y,X)=0THEN1730 2190

srem 80 2200
1740 GOSUB1840sXl=X!Yi=Yf IF{X2=Xfl.NDY2=Y)0

R(X3=XANDy3=Y)ORFL(Y,X)=0THEN1740 2210

srem 200
1750 GOSUBie40!X2=X:Y2=Y:IF(Xl=XANDYl=Y)O 2220
R(X3=XANDY3=Y)ORFL{Y,X)=0THEN17 50

srem 202 2230
1760 GOSUB1840:X3=XsY3=YsIF(Xl=XANDYl=Y)O

R(X2=:XANDY2=Y)ORFL(Y,X) = 0THEN1760 2240

srem 204
1770 RETURN srem 175 2250

1780 FORK=JTO10sGOSUB1800sNEXTK:FORK=JTOl

STEP-1sGOSUB1800eNEXTK srem 124 2260
1790 FORK=ITO10:GOSUB1820:NEXTKsFORK=ITOl 2270
STEP-1 SGOSUB1820 sNEXTKs RETURN

srem 153 2280
1800 IFFL ( I , K ) =0THENFL ( I , K ) =INT{ RND ( 1 ) * 2 )

+1 :rem 209 2290

1810 RETURN srem 170

1820 IFFL(K,J)=0THENFL(K,J)=INT{RNDtl)*2) 2300
+1 irem 213 2310

1830 RETURN srem 172

1840 X=INT{RND(l)*10)+l!Y=INT(RND(l)*10)+ 2320
1 :IPFL(Y,X)=0THEN1840 srem 54 2330
1850 RETURN : rem 174

1860 GOSUB790sFORI=12TO19sCM(I)=l:NEXT:CM 2340
(22)=1 irem 62 2350

1870 PRINT" {CLR}"sPR$=DS$(16-Z)sGOSUB2570 2360
sIFLO=lTHENGOSUB1030 srem 56 2370

1880 GOSUB2270 SGOSUB2200 srem 154 2380

1890 GOSUB2310:IFPL=15ANDLOTHENGOSUB1020: 2390
GOTO18B0 srem 68 2400

1900 IFPL=20THENGOSUB2850eGOTO1890s rem 87
1910 IPPL=15ANDLO=0THEN1870 srem 115 2410
1920 IFPL=1THENGOSUB1190sGOTO1890 srem 36 2420
1930 IFPL=14THENia90 : rem 155 2430

1940 IFPL=llTHENGOSUB2490sGOTO1890srem 91 2440
1950 IFPL=8THENGOSUB1130sGOTO1890 s rem 40
1960 IFPL=22THENGOSUB2470 : RETURN : rem 50 2450
1970 IFPL>15THENGOSUB1560:IF[LO=0)OR(WA=1

)THEN1890 srem 54 2460

1980 RETURN srem 178 2470

2000 GOSUB790!FORI=10TO19:CM(I)=lsNEXTIsC

M{22)=1 srem 120 2480

2010 PR$=DS$(23) :GOSUB2570:PR$=DS$t24) :G0 2490
SUB2570:GOSUB1320 s IFWR=0THENGOTO2050

:rem 132 2500
2020 GP=0iPR$=DS$(25) :GOSUB2570 sF0RW=lT02

000:NEXTW srem 27 2510

2030 X=INT(RND(l)*10+l):Y=INT(RNDtl)*10}+

lsIFFL(Y,X)=0THEN2030 srem 38 2520
2040 PX=XsPY=YsZ=FL(PY,PX) s RETURN srem 199
2050 PR$=DS$(26) :GOSUB2570sFL(PY,PX)=2

srem 207 2530
2060 PR?=DS${14):GOSUB2570iIPLOTHENGOSUBl

030

GOSUB2270SGOSUB2200
GOSUB2310
IFPL=20THENGOSUB2850

srem 155

srem 146

srem 16

SGOTO2080S rem 80

IFPL=15ANDLOTHENGOSUB1020sGOTO2070

: rem 173
IFPL=15ANDLO=0THEN2060 srem 100
IFPL=14THEN2080 srem 139

IFPL=HTHEN2490sGOTO2080 srem 203
IFPL=8THENGGSUB1130:GOTO2080 srem 24
IFPL=lTHENGOSUB1190sGOTO2080 srem 24
IFPL=10THENGOSUB1290 :GOTO2080 s rem 74
IFPL=22THENGOSUB2470s RETURN srem 44
IFPL>15THENGOSUB1560:IF(LO=0)OR(WA=1
)THEN2080 srem 40

RETURN srem 17 2

IF ( X1 = PXANDY1 = PY} ANDGD< > 2THENPR$ = DS$
(17) sGOSUB2570sGD=lsCM(l) = l srem 122
IF ( X2=PXANDY2 = PY) ANDBD< > 2THENPR$=DS$
(19) sGOSUB2570:BD=lsCM(l}=l srem 117
IF(X3=PXANDY3=PY)ANDRD<>2THENPR$=DS?
(18) sGOSUB2570:RD=lsCM(l)=l srem 151
IFtXl<>PXORYX<>PY)ANDGD<>2THENGD=0

srem 209
IF(X2 <> PX0RY2 < > PY) ANDBD< > 2THENBD=0

srem 202
IF(X3<>PXORY3<>PY}ANDRt><>2THENRD=0

srem 23 7
RETURN srem 170

IFBX=PXANDBY=PYANDIN(3)=0THENPR?=DS$
(21) sGOSUB2S70:BK=l:CM(8)=l srem 167
IFGX=PXANDGY=PYANDIN{2)=0THENPR$=DS$
(20) :GOSUB2570sGK=l:CM(8)=l srem 181
IFRX=PXANDRY=PYANDIN(4)=0THENPR?=DS?
(22)sGOSUB2570sRK=l;CM(8)=l srem 219
RETURN :rem 165

INPUTC$ : PL=0 IF0RI=1T022 : IFCM? ( I)=C$T
HENPL=Isl=23 srem 16

NEXT s rem 6

IFPL=0THENPRINT"YOU CAN'T DO THAT i " s
GOTO2310 srem 200

N$="":I=1 srem 173

T?=M1D$(C$,I,1) srem 7

IFASC (T5 )=32THENL=I :GOTO2390 : rem 222
IFI=LEN(C$)THENGOTO2410 srem 167
I=I+lsGOTO2350 srem 53

N$=MID5(C$,L+1,LEN{C?)) srem 202
IFCM{PL)=0THENPRINT"I SEE NO "N$" HE
REl"tGOTO2310 srem 54

IFC$="INV"THENGOTO2430 srem 92
RETURN srem 168

PRINT"yOU ARE CARRYING :" srem 8
F0RI=1T05 : IFIN( I)=1THENPRINT"A "IN$ (
I) srem 62

NEXTl!lFGP<>0THENPRINTGP" GOLD PIECE
S. " s rem 1

RETURN srem 17 2

PX = INT [ RND ( 1 ) * 10 ) + l s PY=INT ( RND ( 1) * 10
)+l 3lFFL{PY, PX)=0THEN2470 srem 118
Z=FLCPY,PX) s RETURN srem 223

IFIN{5)=1THENPR$="Y0U ALREADY HAVE T
HE MAPI" sGaSUB2S70 5RETURN srem 4
IFMA=0THENPRINT"WHAT MAP?" s RETURN

srem 188

PRINT"OK . " I IN ( 5 ) =1 : MA=0 s CM ( 20 ) =1 :GD=

2: RETURN srem 148

PR$="{2 DOWNjYOU HAVE FOUND YOUR WAY

OUT OF THE MATH DUNGEON ." sGOSUB25 70

srem 109
PR?="{D0WN1 (2 SPACESlYOU HAVE WON "+
STR${GP)+" GOLD PIECES IN YOUR JOURN

164 CQMPUTErs Gazette Januafy

2540

2550
2560
2570

25S0

2590
2600

2610
2620

2630

2640
2650

2660

2670
2680

Ey.";GOSUB2570 : rem 125

PRINT"{DOWN} PLAY AGAIN" ; ;INPUT A?

: rem 173
IFA$="Y"THENRUN s rem 190

END -rem 164

2FLEN( PR? ) <=CCTHENPRINTPR$ : RETURN

srem 238
T$=M1D? { PR? , CC , 1 ) ! IFASC ( T$ }=32THENI=
CC:GOTO2620 : rem 43

I=CC-1 -rem 58

T$=MID$ {PRS ,1,1) 1 IFASC (T$ )=32THENGOT
02620 -rem 161

1=1-1 !GOTO2600 ! rem 49

A$=MID$ { PR? , I+l , LEN ( PR? ) ) , B$=MID? { PR
$,1,1-1 )tPRINTB? -rem 195

IFLEN(A$)<=CCTHENPRINTA$:RETURN

srem 41
PR?=A$!GOTO2570 -rem 117

DATAOPEN DOOR, OPEN GATE, OPEN MILKBOX
(CLOSE DOOR, CLOSE GATE, CLOSE MILKBOX

irem 145
DATAGET NOTE, GET KEY, GET LIGHT, GET G
OLD, GET MAP, LIGHT ON, LIGHT OFF,INV

irem 108
DATALOGK, N, S , E ,W, MAP , MAP , ALGEBRA, LIG
HT, GREEN KEY, BLUE KEY, RED KEY, MAP

srem 154
DATAYOU ARE PACING NORTH. A GATE IS
{SPACE} IN FRONT OF YOU ., THE GATE IS

[ SPACE lOPEN

srem 40

2690 DATATHE GATE IS CLOSED ., YOU ARE IN A
2700

srem 186

DENSE FOREST,
DATAYOU ARE IN FRONT OF AN OLD HOUSE
. THERE IS A MILKBOX BY THE DOOR.

:rem 214
2710 DATATHE MILKBOX IS CLOSED., THE MILKB
OX IS OPEN,, THE DOOR IS CLOSED.

irem 67

2720 DATATHE DOOR IS OP EN., THE DOOR IS LO

CKED. YOU DO NOT HAVE THE RIGHT KEY.

! rem 206
2730 DATATHERE IS A NOTE IN THE MILKBOX.,
THE DOOR FLIES OPEN WITH A BANG 1

irem 201

2740 DATATHE NOTE DISAPPEARS AND THE MILK

BOX CLOSES. srem 171

2750 DATAYOU ARE IN A COLD AND DAMP ROOM.

,YOU ARE IN A LONG AND NARROW HALLWA

Y- trem 12

2760 DATATHERE IS AN UNLIT LIGHT HERE.,TH

ERE IS A GREEN DOOR HERE. j rem 90

2770 DATATHERE IS A RED DOOR HERE., THERE

{SPACE) IS A BLUE DOOR HERE, srem 207

2780 DATATHERE IS A GREEN KEY HERE., THERE

IS A BLUE KEY HERE. trem 208

2790 DATATHERE IS A RED KEY HERE,, BEFORE

(space! YOU CAN GET A GOOD LOOK AT TH

E AREA. . srem 111

2800 DATAA MONSTER JUMPS OUT AND SAYS 'YO

U MUST ANSWER THIS QUESTION 1 : rem 245

2810 DATA'NOW I'LL TAKE ALL YOUR GOLD AND

TRANSPORT YOU AWAYl srem 107

2820 DATATHE MONSTER DISAPPEARS.

{17 SPACES) YOU SEE SOME GOLD HERE I

trem 130
2830 DATATHERE IS A MAP HERE I, THERE IS A

{SPACE] RED KEY HERE I srem 233
2840 DATATHERE IS A SUDDEN FLASH AND YOU
[SPACE) FIND YOURSELF AMIDST SOME TRE
ES, srem 127

2850 IFIN(5)=0THENPRINT"YOU DON'T HAVE A

( SPACE 5 MAP I ": RETURN ;rem 191

2860 PRINT" (CLR)" SPRINT :rem 251

2870 FORI=:lTO10;TB=lsFORJ=lTO10 srem 142
2880 IFI=PYANDJ=PXTHENPRINTTAB(TB)"{GRN)*

"? SGOTO2930 ,rem 20

2890 IFFL ( I , J )=3THENPRINTTAB (TB ) " f BLK J M" ;

SGOTO2930 :rem 139

2900 IFFL(I,J)=2THENPRINTTAB{TB)"iBLU3R"r

SGOTO29 30 jretn 22

2910 IFFL(I,J)=1THENPRINTTAB{TB)"[PUR}H";

!GOTO2930 :rem 137

2920 PRINTTAB(TB}"{RVS3 {YEL) {OFF}";

irem 217
2930 TB=TB+2 :NEXTJ t PRINT i PRINT : NEXTI

srem 167
2940 PRINT" fBLU)":RETURN , rem 217

Chomper

Article on page 56.

BEFORE TYPING . . .

Before typing in programs, please refer to
"How To Type In COMPUTES's GAZETTE
Programs," which appears before the Program
Listings.

Program 1 — Chompor— vie version

10 PRINT" {CLR )"SPC( 183) "CHOMPER" :F0RI=1T0

2000:NEXTiGOTO610 : rem 170

20 M=M+1 sX=45+G-INT (TI/60) : 1FX<0THEN240

I rem 44

30 PRINT" { RVS } { HOME } "SPC ( 7 ) "TIME"X" { LEFT }

"»GOSUB590:X=X+XltY=Y+Yl :IFY=0THENY=2

2 J rem 60

40 IFY=23THENy=l j rem 228

50 IFX=-1THENX=21 : rem 14

60 IFX=22THENX=0 irem 226

70 IF-((PAND32)=0}THEN510 : rem 127
80 POKEC, 32 sC=FNA(0) :Xl=XiYl=Yt Z=PEEK(C) s

IFZ=32THENPOKEC,36sGOTO140 trem 186
90 POKEC,37tPOKEVO,8jIFZ=34THENS=S+150jGO
SUB190:GOTO120 -rem 215

100 IFZ=35THENS=S-450 :GOSUB200 SGOTO130

: rem 74
110 POKEC, 33 :GOTO250 : rem 160

120 IFS>=LTHENPOKES2,0:POKES3,0:GOTO210

srem 204
130 POKESl , 0 i P0KES2 , 0 t P0KES3 , 0 1 P0KES4 , 0 s P

RIKT " f RVS } {HOME } { RIGHT } {LEFT } "S "

{LEFT} " irem 162

135 REM**DROIDS' ROUTINE** srem 55
140 Z=H/F!IFZ<>1NT(Z)THEN20 trem 178
150 IFW=C1THENW=0 . rem 32

160 W=W+lsX=X(W)jy=Y(W):X=X+(-CXl>X)+(Xl<

X))tY=»Y+(-(Yl>Y) + (Yl<Y))sPOKED(W),32

s rem 28
170 D{W)=FNAC0)sX(W)=XsY(W)=YsZ=PEEK(D(W)

)iPOKED(W>,33;IF2>35THEN250 trem 96
180 GOTO20 -rem 52

IBS REM*S0UND ROUTINES trem 174

190 FORX=160TO198STEP3tPOKES2,XtPOKES3,X:

NEXTX 5 RETURN -rem 49

200 P0KES4, 178 t POKESl, 178 bFORX="150TO1STEP

-3sP0KEV0, {X/10) iNEXTsPOKEVO, 8! RETURN

trem 1

COMPUTEVs Goiefte January

165

205 REM**BONUS** irem 170

210 V=V+1 iPRINT" ErVS) {HOME } "SPC{ 15 ) "*EX*

(2 SPACES} {2 LEFT}"ViL=S+2999!G='G+R;R

=:R-5:IFV<>6THEN20 J rem 231

220 PRINT" {CLR]{RVS}"SPC(5) "BONUS SCREEN

{SPACE} ":FORX=lTO750tNEXTiPRINT"tCLR)

"iM=0iG=0:R=45 i rem 82

230 PRINT"{RVSJ(H0ME1"SPC(15)"*EX*

{2 SPACES H 2 LEFT}"V!GOTO510 s rem 246
235 REM**GAME OVER** I rem 124

240 PRINT" {HOME} " tFORX=lTO10 J PRINT : NEXT! P

RINT"{RVSlt6 SPACES} TIME'S UP'iFORX^l

TO1000:NEXT:GOTO260 : rem 223

250 FORX=230TO150STEP~1 !P0KES3 ,XiPOKESl ,X

! NEXT tPOKES3,0! POKES 1,0 irem 10B
260 PRINT "{ HOME }"iF0RX=lT011i PRINT iNEXTiP

RINTSPC(6)"{RV3}GAME OVER" : rem 136
270 FORZ=1TO100STEP4 i POKE36879 , Z : P0KES2 , 1

28+ABS{INT(SIN(Z)*127)) :NEXT:POKES2,0

trera 75
275 FORI=lTOL000tNEXT I rem 25

280 P0KE36879 ,110! PRINT" [ CLR} " : P0KE36869 ,

240 trem 113

285 REM**HIGH SCORE?** trem 6

290 IFS<BSTHEN310 i rem 17

300 BS=S:PRINT"{CLR}"SPC(5) "GREAT SCORE U

"!Print"Ehome}{3 down} input your nam

E"!lNPUT" "rN$ !rem 67

305 REM**AGAIN?** trem 195

310 FORI=1TO1000:MEXT trem 15

311 PRINT"tCLR} [3 DOWNHS RIGHT } SCORE i " f S
! PRINT" [3 DOWN) {2 RIGHT } SESSION HIGH:
";BS!PRINTSPC(8)"BY" s rem 220

320 PRINT" {2 RIGHT } "rN$! PRINT "{ HOME }":FOR

Z=1T011 : PRINT: NEXT !PRINTSPC{ 6) "TRY AG

AIN?" irem 175

330 PRINTS PRINTSPC( 7) "YES {DOWN}" irem 158

340 PRINTSPC(8)"W"!PRINTSPC(7)"W W NEW GA

ME"!PRINTSPCT8) "W" sPRINTSPCTST" {DOWN}

NO" irem 82

350 GOSUB590!lFX=lTHEtI390 trem 16

360 IFY=-lTHENM=-liGOTO390 irem 66

370 IFY=lTHENP0KE36a79 , 27 : PRINT " t CLR }

{ BLU } " t END : rem 1 94

380 GOTO350 srem 108

385 REM**VAR SETUP** trem 166

390 PRINT" [CLR }" s POKE36869, 240 :P0KE36879 ,

110tX=0iY=-0sZ=0!L=3000:S=0:G=0tV-0!R=

45 :W=0 irem 14

400 X1=11:Y1=11:C=7933!DEF FNA(A)=7680+Y*

22+X!DEF FNB(A)=INT(RND(TI)*A+1)

irem 73

410 Sl=36874:S2=36875iS3=36876tS4=36877!V

0=36878:D=37154sPA=37137iPB=37152!POK

E37139,0 trem 82

420 IFH<0THENM=0:GOTO510 srem 208

425 REH**LEVEL?** trem 222

430 M=0 ! PRINT" [CLR} EwHT} ENTER LEVEL" tPRIN

T"{3 DOWN} {3 SPACES} TWO DROIDS" i PRINT

"{D0WN}"SPC(8)"W" srem 141

440 PRINT"{2 SPACESThARD WW EASY"iPRINTS

PC(8)"W"iPRINT"{2 D0WN}T3 SPACES}USE

{SPACeTjOYSTICK" trem 67

450 FORZ=1TO600 tNEXT srem 250

460 GOSUB590 : IFX=-1THENC1=1 : F=3 tGOTO500

srem 125
470 IFX=lTHENCl=lsF=4tGOTO500 trem 250
480 IFY=-lTHENCl=2iF=2tGOTO500 srem 40
490 GOTO460 trem 112

500
505

510

520

530

540
550

555
560

570
5 80
585
590

600

605
610

630

640

PRINT" (CLR}" srem 249

REM**SCREEN SETUP** irem 119

POKE36869 , 255 :FORA=34T035 :FORY=1TO70

t rem 160
X=7701+FNB(484) :Z=FNB(8)-1 I 1FZ=6THENZ
=7 trem 14

IFZ=2THENZ=3 irem 233

POKE30720+X,ZtPOKEX,AsNEXTY,A trem 58
POKEVO,8sFORX=128T02 55sPOKES2,X:NEXTt
POKES2,0;POKEC,36tIFM<>0THEN20trem 41
REM**DROID SETUP** trem 46

F0RZ=1T0C1 1 X=FNB ( 22 ) -1 : Y=FNB ( 22 ) t D{ Z }
=FNA(0) tX(Z)=XtY(Z)=Y trem 214
POKEDCZ),33tNBXT trem 197

TI$="000000" tGOTO20 trem 212

REM** JOYSTICK** trem 156

POKED, 127 tP=PEEK( PA) sX=-( ( PEEK (PB) AND
128)=0)+((PAND16)=0)tPOKED, 255 srem 95
Y= ( - ( ( PAND8 ) =0 ) ) + { { PAND4 ) =0 } : RETURN

srem 191
REM**CHARACTERS** trem 7

FORX=7424T07431 sPOKEDC, 0 tNEXT tFORY=33T
037 !FORX=0TO7 iREADZtP0KE71 68+8 *Y+X,Zs
NEXTX,Y irem 10

DATA 60 , 66 , 90 , 66 , 60 , 36 , 36 , 102 ,0,0,0,2
4,24,0,0,0,126,129,165,129,153,189,12
9,126 srem 226

DATA 60,126,90,126,235,129,213,126,60
,126,90,255,2 55,255, 25 5,1 26 SGOTO390

trem 46

Program 2

Program translation

49152 1032,136
49158 t095,195
49164 s003,169

49170
49176
49182
49188
49194
49200
49206
49212
49218

!l69,039
!000, 141
: 208, 169
:032,229
1035,198
!016,247
!l98,153
: 247, 169
:160,005

49224 :027,006
49230 1001,141

49236
49242
49248
49254
49260
49266
49272
49278
49284
49290
49296
49302
49308
49314
49320
49326
49332

:105,010
:173,112
!l73,107
: 083, 005
!l76,016
j107,003
:141,107
1074,176
:008, 169
:076,191
:169,160
s040,074
: 003, 208
s 073, 011
sll2,003
: 003, 169
1076,082

49338 !ll3,003
49344 tl92,195
49350 1249,192
49356 1052,194
49362 1067,193

■^Chomper

by Kevin Mykytyn.

,198,169,162,
,169,003,141,
,016,141,114,
,141,115,003,
,032,208,141,
,147,032,210,
,192,160,007,
,153,123,005,
,160,010,185,
,198,005,136,
,001,141,107,
,185,054,198,
,136,016,247,
,113,003,165,
,197,162,208,
,003,141,203,
,003,009,048,
,173,000,220,
,238,107,003,
,041,007,240,
,003,076,082,
,001,000,074,
,210,141,111,
,192,074, 176,
,141,111,003,
,176,029,173,
,179,173,095,
,141,095,195,
,073,001,141,
,001,141,113,
,192,169,000,
,076,082,192,
,032,029,196,
,032,081,195,
,032,000,194,
,032,004,193,

— 64 Version

141,070
112,209
003,202
169, 142
033,067
255,027
185,073
136,180
043,197
016,248
003,216
153,053
169,161
162,151
252,250
005,215
141,065
074,145
173,053
246,246
192,209
176,115
003 ,006
007,086
208,168
113,243
195,241
173,082
112,098
003,092
141,072
032,172
032,100
032,211
032,196
032,219

166 COMPUTErs Gazette January

49368 :0B8, 193, 032, 153, 196, 173,027

49374 : 141, 002, 240, 233,076,221,111

49380 : 192, 169, 001, 160, 000, 153, 135

49386 : 000, 216, 153, 000, 217, 153, 205

49392 ! 000, 218, 153, 000, 219, 136,198

49398 :208, 241,096, 160,018, 185,130

49404 :077, 198, 153,010,004, 136,062

49410 !016, 247,056, 173,077,003,062

49416 ! 237 , 062 , 003 , 141 , 079 , 003 , 021

49422 ! 173, 078, 003 , 237 , 063 , 003 ,059

49428 : 01 3, 079, 003, 176, 041, 238, 058

49434 : 081 , 003 ,173, 077 , 003 , 024, 131

49440 : 105, 184, 141, 077, 003, 17 3, 203

49446 : 078, 003, 105, 011, 141,078,198

49452 : 003, 173, 073, 003, 024, 109, 173

49458 : 076, 003, 141, 073, 003, 173, 007

49464 : 076 , 003 , 240 , 006 ,056 ,233,158

49470 ; 005, 141, 076, 003, 096, 169,040

49476 :000, 141, 064, 003, 173, 062, 255

49482 J003, 141,071,003, 173,063,016

49488 1003,141,072,003,032,151,226

49494 : 193, 096, 169, 01 5, 141, 064, 252

49500 ! 003, 173, 073, 003, 141 ,065,038

49506 :003, 169,000, 141,066,003, 224

49512 ;032, 168, 193, 173, 081, 003, 242

49518 : 141, 065, 003, 169,000,141,117

49524 : 066, 003, 169, 032, 141, 064, 079

49530 :003,032, 168, 193,096, 206,052

49536 ! 075 , 003 , 208 , 018 , 206 , 07 3 , 199

49542 s 003, 173, 073, 003, 201, 255, 074

49548 : 208 , 003 , 076 ,130,197, 169 ,155

49554 : 009, 141, 075, 003, 096, 173,131

49560 : 071, 003, 056, 23 3, 016, 141, 160

49566 1065,003,173,072,003,233,195

49572 J 039 , 141 ,066 , 003 , 169 , 000 ,070

49578 5 141,067,003, 141,068,003,081

49584 ! 141, 069, 003, 162, 01 5, 014, 068

49590 :065,003,046,066,003,120,229

49596 1248,173,067,003,109,067,087

49602 !003,141,067,003,173,068,137

49608 ! 003 , 109 , 068 , 003 , 141 , 068 , 080

49614 :003, 173,069,003, 109, 069,120

49620 : 003, 141, 069, 003, 216, 088, 220

49626 ;202,016,216, 162,002, 189, 237

49632 ! 067 , 003 , 072 , 074 , 074 , 074 , 076

49638 1074,032,244, 193, 104,041, 150

49644 : 01 5, 032, 244, 193,202,016,170

49650 : 236 , 096 , 009 , 048 , 238 , 064 , 165

49656 1003,172, 064, 003, 153, 000, 131

49662 :004,096, 165, 162, 105,005,023

49668 : 197, 162, 208, 25 2, 032, 127, 214

49674 :193,096, 165, 162,197, 162,217

49680 : 240, 252 , 096 , 072 , 138 , 024 ,070

49686 ! 101, 251, 133, 251, 165, 2 52, 151

49692 J 105 , 000 , 133 , 252 , 104 , 096 , 206

49698 5 072,134, 254, 165,251,056,198

49704 : 229, 254, 133, 251, 165, 252, 044

49710 5 233,000,133,252,104,096,096

49716 : 160 , 000, 173 , 060 ,003 , 133 , 069

49722 ; 251, 173, 061, 003, 133, 252, 163

49728 5 169 , 032 , 145 , 251 , 173 , 000 , 066

49734 :220,074, 176,005, 162,040, 23 5

49740 : 032 , 034 , 194 , 074 , 176 , 005 , 079

49746 5 162,040,032,019,194,074,091

49752 5 176,005,162,001,032,034,242

49758 5 194,074,176,005,162,001,194

49764 5 032,019,194,074,176,003,086

497 70 5 032,081,195,165,251,233,039

49776 5 039,141,079,003,165,252,023

49782 5 233,004,013,079,003,176,114
49788 5 013, 165, 251, 024, 105, 192, 106
49794 5 133,251,165,252,105,003,015
49800 5 133,252,165,251,233,232,122
49806 5 141,079,003,165,252,233,247
49812 1007,013,079,003,144,013,151
49818 5 165,251,056,233,192,133,160
49824 : 251, 165, 252, 233, 003, 133, 173
49830 5 252,177,251,201,035,208,010
49836 5 042,173,062,003,024,105,069
49842 5 1 50 , 141 , 062 , 003 , 173 , 063 , 002
49848 1003 , 105 , 000 , 141 , 063 , 003 , 243
49854 : 201,253, 144,003,076, 182,025
49860 5 198,169,038,141,070,003,047
49866 1169,129,141,004,212,169,002
49872 5 009,141,001,212,076,063,198
49878 1195,162,128,142,004,212,033
49884 5 206 , 109 , 003 , 174 , 109 , 003 , 055
49890 5 142,001,212,224,010,208,255
49896 5 005 , 162 , 034 , 142 ,011,212, 030
49902 5 162 , 037 , 142 , 070, 003 , 201 , 085
49908 1036 , 208 , 065 , 056 , 173 ,062 , 076
49914 5 003 , 233 , 209 , 141 , 079 , 003 , 1 50
49920 : 173, 063, 003, 233, 040, 013, 013
49926 1079,003,176,013,169,016,206
49932 : 141, 062, 003, 169, 039, 141, 055
49938 5 063,003,076,040,195,173,056
49944 5 062 , 003 ,056 , 233 , 194 , 141 , 201
49950 5 062,003,173,063,003,233,055
49956 1001,141,063,003,169,035,192
49962 5 141,011,212,169,020,141,224
49968 : 008 , 212 , 141 , 109 , 003 , 076 , 085
49974 1063,195,201,034,208,003,246
49980 1076,130,197,160,000,173,028
49986 1070, 003,145, 251, 165, 251,183
49992 5 141,060,003,165,252,141,066
49998 1061,003,096,160,000,173,059
50004 5 027,212,074,074, 074 , 074 , 107
50010 5 074,201,006,240,244,169,000
50016 1001,153,040,216,153,000,147
50022 1217,153,000,218,153,230,049
50028 : 218 , 200, 208, 227 , 162 ,027 , 126
50034 1032,127,193,202,208,250,102
50040 : 162, 070, 169, 232, 133, 253, 115
50046 1169,003,133,254,160,004,081
50052 1173,027,212,024,101,253,154
50058 5 133,253,165,254,105,000,024
50064 1 13 3 , 254 , 136 , 208 , 239 , 165 , 255
50070 ; 253 , 056 , 233 , 040, 165 , 254, 127
50076 1 233 , 004 , 144 , 218 , 160 , 000 , 147
50082 1173,027,212,016,004,169,251
50088 1 035 , 208,002 , 169 , 036 , 145 , 251
50094 5 253,032,012,194,202,208,051
50100 1197,160,039,169,001,153,131
50106 1000,216,136,016,250,096,132
50112 1120,165,001, 041, 251, 133, 135
50118 1001,160,000,185,000,208,240
50124 1153,000,056,185,000,209,039
50130 1153,000,057,136,208,241,237
50136 5 165,001,009,004,133,001,017
50142 5 173,024,208,041,240,009,149
50148 : 014 , 141 , 024 , 208 , 088 , 160 , 095
50154 1039,185,245,195,153,016,043
50160 5 057 , 136 ,016 , 247 , 096 , 060,084
50166 1066,090,066,060,036,036,088
50172 1 102 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 024 , 024 , 146
501 78 5 000 , 000, 000 ,126,129,165,166
50184 1 129 , 153 , 189 , 129 , 126 , 060 , 026
50190 1126,090,126,235,129,213,165

COMPUTH's Gazeao January

167

126,060,126,090,255,255,164
255,255,126,169,147,032,242
210,255,169,006,141,032,077
208,141,033,208,169,016,045
141,062,003,169,039,141,087
063,003,169,204,141,060,178
003,169,005,141,061,003,182
169,048,141,073,003,169,153
045,141,076,003,169,009,255
141 , 075 , 003 , 169 , 1 99 , 141 , 034
077 ,003 , 169 , 050 , 141 , 078 , 086
003 , 169 , 000 , 141 , 081 , 003, 227
162,008,169,006,157,093,175
50274 S003, 173,027,212,157,083,241
50280 r 003 , 202 ,016 , 242 , 169 , 003 , 227
141,108,003,160,023,169,202
000,153,000,212,136,016,121
250,169,015,141,024,212,165
169,017,141,005,212,141,045
012,212,169,245,141,006,151
212,141,013,212,169,129,248
141,015,212,141,018,212,117
096,169,000,141,082,003,131
173,027,212,205,111,003,121
176,003,076,069,197,173,090
060,003,172,061,003,032,245
084 , 197 , 142 , 104 , 003 , 141 , 079
103 , 003 , 172 , 082 ,003,185,218
083 , 003 , 133 , 251 , 185 ,093 , 168
003,168,133,252,165,251,142
50376 : 032, 084, 197, 142, 106, 003, 252
50382 ! 141, 105, 003, 169, 032, 160, 048
000,145,251,17 3,105,003,121
205,103,003,240,015,144,160
008,162,001,032,034,194,143
076,238,196,162,001,032,167
019 , 194 , 17 3 , 106 ,003 , 205 ,168
104 , 003 , 240, 015 , 144, 008 , 244
162,040,03 2,034,194,076,018
50430 1005,197,162,040,032,019,197
50436 : 194, 160, 000, 17 7, 251, 201, 219
037,144,003,076,130,197,085
201,034,208,013,172,082,214
003,185,083,003,133,251,168
185,093,003,133,252,17 2,098
082,003,165,2 51,153,083,003
50472 :003 , 165 , 252 , 153 , 093 ,003 , 197
50478 ; 160, 000, 169, 034, 145, 251, 037
50484 : 165 , 251 , 024 , 105 , 000 , 1 33 , 218
50490 ! 251, 165, 252, 105, 212, 133, 152
50496 ! 252, 169, 001, 145, 251, 238, 096
082,003,173,082,003,205,106
107,003,240,003,076, 184,177
196,096,141,079,003,152,237
056,23 3,004,141,080,003,093
162,000,173,080,003,208,208
007,173,079,003,201,040,091
144,021,173,079,003,056,070
233 ,040 , 141 , 079 ,003 , 173 , 013
080,003,233,000,141,080,143
003,23 2,076,096,197,096,056
032,229,192,169,032,160,176
200, 153 , 039 , 004 , 136 , 208 , 108
250,056, 173,062,003,237,155
114,003,141,079,003,173,149
063,003,237, 115,003,013,076
079,003,144,012,173,062,121
003,141,114,003,173,063,151
003,141,115,003,169,001,092
60610 : 141, 113, 003, 169, 000, 141, 233
168 COMPUTE! s Gazette January

50196
50202
50208
50214
50220
50226
50232
50238
50244
50250
50256
50262
50268

50286
50292
50298
50304
50310
50316
50322
50328
50334
50340
50346
50352
50358
50364
50370

50388
50394
50400
50406
50412
50418
50424

50442
50448
50454
50460
50466

50502
50508
50514
50520
50526
50532
50538
50544
50550
50556
50562
50568
50574
50580
50586
50592
50598
50604

50616 ; 03 2, 208, 141, 033, 208, 141, 179
50622 :008, 212, 160,008, 185,011,006
50628 ! 198, 153,055,004,136,016,246
50634 : 247, 160,014,185,020,198,002
50640 : 15 3, 132, 004, 136, 016, 247, 128
50646 : 160, 009, 185, 060, 198, 15 3,211
5065 2 : 21 1,004, 136, 016, 247, 17 3, 239
50658 : 114, 003, 141,071,003, 173,219
50664 : 115, 003, 141, 07 2, 003, 169, 223
50670 :220, 141,064,003,032, 151,081
50676 ; 193, 17 3, 000, 220, 041, 016, 119
50682 1208,008,17 3,113,003,208,195
50688 1244,076,023, 192,169,000,192
50694 : 141, 11 3, 003, 240, 234, 007, 232
50700 5 001,013,005, 03 2, 01 5, 022, 100
50706 :005,018, 032,016,018,005, 112
50712 : 019, 019, 032, 020, 018, 009, 141
50718 : 007, 007, 005, 018, 032, 030, 129
507 24 : 03 2 , 004 , 018 , 015 , 009 , 004 , 118
50730 : 019, 005, 001, 019, 025, 060, 171
50736 : 032, 062, 008, 001, 018, 004, 173
50742 ; 022, 032, 017, 021, 009, 020, 175
50748 : 03 2 , 008 , 009 ,032,019,003,163
50754 : 01 5, 018, 005, 032, 003, 008, 147
50760 1015,013,016,005,018,020,159
50766 : 009, 013, 005, 0 32, 032, 032, 201
507 72 =032,032,032,03 2,032,032,020
50778 ; 032, 032, 042, 005, 024, 042, 011
50784 1025,015,021,032,001,018,208
50790 1005,032,015,014,005,032,205
50796 : 01 5, 006, 032, 020, 008, 005, 194
50802 : 0 32, 006, 005, 023, 032, 020, 232
50808 : 015, 03 2, 023, 009, 014, 032, 245
50814 : 001, 020, 0 32, 003, 008, 015, 205
50820 : 013, 016, 005, 018, 032, 029, 245
50826 :196, 169,000, 160, 150, 153,198
50832 ; 06 3, 003, 136, 208, 250, 032, 068
50838 : 229, 192, 160, 006, 185, 070, 224
50844 : 198, 15 3, 200, 005, 136, 016, 096
50850 :247, 160,014, 185,020, 198, 218
50856 : 153, 020, 006, 136, 016, 247, 234

50862 : 173,000, 220,041,016, 208,064

50863 : 249 , 096 , 169 ,147,032,210, 059
50874 :255, 032,229,192, 160,039,069
50880 ! 185 ,096 ,198,153, 184 , 005 , 245
50886 :136,016, 247,076, 130,197, 23 2

KablamI

Article on page 60.

BEFORE TYPING . . .
Before typing in programs, please refer to
"How To Type In COMPUTES's GAZETTE
Programs," wtiicti appears before the Program
Listings.

Program 1: Kablaml — 64 version

100 FORX=24573T024593 !CS=CS+PEEK(X) :NEXT:
IFCS=2907THEN160 s rem 5

110 PRINT"{CLR) {5 DOWNIrEADING INs"

:rem 22

120 PRINT"ML ROUTINE"; jFORX=24573T025219:
READA:POKEX,A:B=B+A:NEXT : rem 100

130 IFB072932THENPRINT" ERROR IN DATA":E
[ID ' rem 50

140 PRINT" OK": PRINT " CHARACTERS ":F0RX=1 02

40TO10575!READA:POKEX,A:NEXT : rem 123

150 PRINT"SPRITES" !FORX=12800TO13056 s READ

A:POKEX,A:NEXT : rem 34

160 POKE53281,l J rem 38

170 GOTO460 sREM GOTO TITLE PAGE : rem 97

180 POKE53272,27:PRINT"{CLRlg5i(DOWN)";CH

R$(8) :POKE53280,7 : rem 58

190 printtab(30)"{red1 {dov™} '$$?$?$$$?"

:rem 142
200 PRINTTAB(30)"[UP}tKKKKKKKKK" : rem 69
210 FORX=0TO1 :PRINTTAB ( 30 ) " { UP 3 #KKKKKKKKK

"* ; rem 0

220 PRINTTAB(30)"{UP}#KKMRVRNKK" : rem 101
230 PRINTTAB{30)"[UP!#KKX&%&WKK" irem 241
240 PRINTTAB(30)"(UP}#KKPTUTOKK" s rem 110
250 PRINTTAB(30)"fUP}#KKKKKKKKK" t rem 74
260 PRINTTAB{30)"(UP}#KKMRVRNKK" : rem 105
270 PRINTTAB(30)"[UP3#KKX&%&WKK" :rem 245
280 PRINTTAB(30)"{Up3SKKPTUTOKK" srem 114
290 PRINTTAB ( 30 ) " { UP } #KKKKKKKKK " : NEXT

trem 199
300 PRINTTAB ( 30 ) " {UP 3 #183 JJJJJJJJJ {HOME ) "

:rem 235
310 PRINT" {HOME} (5 D0WN3 ^73LLLLLLLLLLLLLL

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL" ! rem 79

320 PRINT "f HOME} "TAB ( 13 }"Y2[£]!@(a@@@@@

Edown}"SPC(S)"(-«-)]Y1C" :rem 124
330 POKEV+21,31 :rem 57

340 POKEV, 1 28 : POKEV+1 , 226 : POKEV+2 , 20 : POKE

V+3,69jPOKEV+4,30sPOKEV+5,69 :rem 141
350 POKE830,1 :POKEB32,255!POKEV+30,0

jrem 54
360 SYS24573 :rem 157

370 Al=210 ;A2 = 30 !A3 = 40:A4==215 :A5=190 :POKE

V+21,26 :rem 100

380 POKE24838,2:FORQ=1TO10 : rem 21
390 POKEV+8, INT ( RND ( 1 ) *A1 ) +A2 ! POKEV+9 , INT

(RND(1)*A1)+A3 :rem 184

400 POKEV+6, INT{RND(l)*A4}-(-A2:POKEV+7,INT

(RND(1)*A5)+A3 : rem 179

410 SYS24897;NEXT r rem 27

420 F0RX=VT0V+9 : POKEX , 0 : NEXT : POKEV+2 1 , 0

; rem 4
430 FORI=lTO2000:NEXT:PRrNT"{CLR}":POKE53

272,21 srem 172

440 PRINT" {HOME} (12 DOWN} "TAB ( 15 ) "GAME OV

ER": FORI =1TO2000: NEXT :GOTO160 : rem 48
450 REM TITLE PAGE (rem 28

460 V=53248:S=2040:SI=54272:PRINT"fCLR}

{BLU} ".-POKES 3 280,7 : rem 101

470 POKEV+39 , 9 : POKEV+40 , 12 : POKEV+41 , 0 : POK

EV+29 , 26 : POKEV+43 , 8 : POKEV+42 , 1 5

srem 36
480 POKES , 200 ! POKES+1 , 202 i POKES+2 , 201 : POK
ES-(-4,203!POKES+3,203 srem 67

490 POKEV+21 , 12 : POKEV+23 , 8 t POKESI + 24, 15

srem 26
500 POKEV+4 , 160 : POKEV+5 , 50 : POKESI+6 , 240

! rem 20

510 FORK=50TOI30 : POKEV+5 , K : POKESI+1 , 255-K

:POKESI,100!POKESI+4,17:NEXT :rem 11

520 POKESI+1, 0:POKESI,0:POKESI+4,0!rem 59

530 POKEV+2 1,8: POKEV+6 ,153: POKEV+7 ,122

_,_ : rem 214

540 POKE24838,255sSYS24a97!OPENl,0

:rem 217
550 PRINT" fCLR} {14 DOWN}" : rem 236
560 PRINT" {down} "TAB (8) "ia^ENTER SKILL LE

VEL{1-15){2 RIGHT}"; srem 187

570 INPUT#1,SL$:PRINT:SL=VAL(SL$):IFSL>15

ORSL<1THEN550 -rem 197

580 POKE53281 , 1 sCLOSEl :SK=ABS ( SL-16 )*15+1
5:POKE24838,SK : rem 217

590 POKEV+6 , 0 : POKEV+7 , 0 ! POKEV+2 3,0: POKEV+
42,8 :rem 188

600 GOTO180 trem 104

610 REM **** MACHINE LANGUAGE DATA ****

srem 30
620 DATA 162,0,169,10,157,192,7 srem 244
630 DATA 169,0,157,192,219,232,224

:rem 143
640 DATA 40,208,241,120,169,98,141

:rem 139
650 DATA 21,3,169,66,141,20,3 srem 138
660 DATA 88,32,149,97,76,168,96 srem 28
670 DATA 169,0, 170, 168,24,109, 167:rem 100
680 DATA 2,144,1,200,202,208,247 :rem 25
690 DATA 152,73,255,141,0,208,173 : rem 90
700 DATA 30,208,41,5,201,5,240 srem 174
710 DATA 3,76,97,96,172,3,208 :rem 160
720 DATA 140,5,208,174,2,208,23 2 :rem 30
730 DATA 232,232,232,232,232,232,232

irem 221
740 DATA 232,232,142,4,208,32,162 : rem 78
750 DATA 97,169,255,141,64,3,76 srem 10
760 DATA 97,96, 165, 197, 201, 60, 240:rem 106
770 DATA 3,76,49,234,169,0,141 srem 204
780 DATA 24,212,173,1,220,201,251 srem 71
790 DATA 240,2,208,247,169,15,141 :rem 93
800 DATA 24,212,76,49,234,165,251 srem 92
810 DATA 240,18,174,2,208,169,1 srem 243
820 DATA 133,251,232,224,225,240,6

:rem 127
830 DATA 142,2,208,76,190,96,174 irem 50
840 DATA 2,208,169,0,133,251,202 srem 29
850 DATA 224,17,240,226,142,2,208 srem 82
860 DATA 76,190,96,172,3,208,140 trem 50
870 DATA 5,208,174,2,208,232,232 trem 38
880 DATA 232,232,232,232,232,232,232

trem 227
890 DATA 232,142,4,208,172,5,208 trem 40
900 DATA 200,192,223,240,12,140,5 srem 67
910 DATA 208,32,255,96,32,39,97 trem 7
920 DATA 76,128,96,120,173,77,4 trem 4
930 DATA 240,35,206,77,4,174,4 :reni 198
940 DATA 208,142,8,208,162,0,142 srem 34
950 DATA 4,208,172,5,208,140,9 srem 197
960 DATA 208,32,65,97,169,255, 141 srem 109
970 DATA 9,208,141,64,3,88,76 srem 165
980 DATA 168,96,234,76,43,98,173 srem 74
990 DATA 62,3,141,60,3,169,235 trem 200
1000 DATA 141,61,3,206,61,3,208 trem 223
1010 DATA 251,206,60,3,208,241,169

trem 126
1020 DATA 5,141,62,3,169,64,141 srem 235
1030 DATA 96,3,206,96,3,173,96 :rem 204
1040 DATA 3,208,245,96,162,32,142 srem 83
1050 DATA 6,212,174,64,3,202,142 srem 23
1060 DATA 64,3,142,1,212,162,10 srem 221
1070 DATA 142,0,212,162,17,142,4 trem 18
1080 DATA 212,96,32,149,97,169,240

srem 152
1090 DATA 141,13,212,162,4,169,8 trem 32
1100 DATA 141,8,212,169,100,141,7 srem 69
1110 DATA 212,169,129,141,11,212,160

srem 218
1120 DATA 15,140,62,3,32,255,96 trem 236

1130 DATA 169,4,141,8,212,169,129 srem 90
1140 DATA 141,11,212,202,208,220,169

srem 215
1150 DATA 5,141,8,212,169,129,141 trem 83
1160 DATA 11,212,160,160,140,62,3 srem 63

COMPUTE! s Gaioltd January 169

1170 DATA 32,255,96,162,200,142,13

jrem 129
1180 DATA 212,169,2,141,62,3,32 :rem 233
1190 DATA 255,96,202,206,242,32,149

:rem 193
1200 DATA 97,96,162,0,232,169,0 j rem 244
1210 DATA 157,0,212,224,22,208,246

J rem 122
1220 DATA 96,173,24,4,201,9,240 s rem 237
1230 DATA 4,238,24,4,96,173,23 :rem 194
1240 DATA 4,201,9,240,24,169,0 : rem 181
1250 DATA 141,24,4,238,23,4,206 :rem 232
1260 DATA 6,97,206,6,97,206,6 s rem 157
1270 DATA 97,206,6,97,206,6,97 j rem 216
1280 DATA 96,173,22,4,201,9,240 : rem 241
1290 DATA 12,169,0,141,23,4,141 :rem 230
1300 DATA 24,4,238,22,4,96,173 s rem 191
1310 DATA 21,4,201,9,240,12,169 :rein 227
1320 DATA 0,141,22,4,141,23,4 s rem 117
1330 DATA 238,21,4,96,173,20,4 :reni 189
1340 DATA 201,9,240,15,169,0,141 ; rem 24
1350 DATA 21,4,8,49,4,141,23 : rem 86
1360 DATA 4,238,20,4,96,173,19 t rem 199
1370 DATA 4,201,9,240,15,169,0 : rem 185
1380 DATA 141,20,4,141,21,4,141 i rem 221
1390 DATA 22,4,238,19,4,96,162 trem 202
1400 DATA 0,169,0,157,19,4,232 : rem 185
1410 DATA 224,7,208,248,96,120,169

irem 145
1420 DATA 234,141,21,3,169,49,141 : rem 81
1430 DATA 20,3,88,173,21,208,41 srem 236
1440 DATA 18,141,21,208,76,149,97 trem 98
1450 DATA 72,152,72,138,72,173,0 s rem 38
1460 DATA 220,41,4,208,11,173,167 : rem 79
1470 DATA 2,173,167,2,105,4,141 :rem 235
1480 DATA 167,2,173,0,220,41,8 : rem 187
1490 DATA 208,9,56,173,167,2,233 : rem 49
1500 DATA 4,141,167,2,104,170,104 : rem 68
1510 DATA 168,104,76,35,96,0,0 s rem 193
1520 DATA 0,2,0,0,0,46,0 s rem 118
1530 DATA 0,0,0,0,128,0,119 ! rem 17
1540 DATA 20,255,227 t rem 213

1550 REM ******* CHARACTER DATA *******

: rem 162

1560 DATA 126,102,102,230,230,230,254,0,2

4,24,24,56,56,56,56,0,254 : rem 152

1570 DATA 198,6,254,224,224,254,0,254,6,6

,62,14,14,254,0,198,198 s rem 93
1580 DATA 198,254,14,14,14,0,254,192,192,

254,14,206,254,0,254,198 : rem 139
1590 DATA 192,254,230,230,254,0,254,198,1

2,24,56,56,56,0,126,102 t rem 76
1600 DATA 102,254,230,230,254,0,254,198,1

98,254,14,206,254,0,255 : rem 74
1610 DATA 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,239

,239,239,0,127,127,127,0 : rem 150
1620 DATA 255,66,36,24,24,36,66,255,255,2

56,192,192,192,192,192 t rem 61
1630 DATA 192,255,255,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3

,3,3,255,255,192,192,192 s rem 108
1640 DATA 192,192,192,255,255,192,192,192

,192,192,192,192,192 irem 225
1650 DATA 255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,3,3,3,3,3

,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,255 irem 90

1660 DATA 255,24,24,24,24,24,24,255,255,2

55,255,24,24,24,24,24 : rem 233
1670 DATA 24,3,3,3,255,255,3,3,3,192,192,

192,255,255,192,192 : rem 144

1680 DATA 192,0,60,102,48,12,102,60,0,0,6

0,102,96,96,102,60,0 irem 150
1690 DATA 0,60,102,102,102,102,60,0,0,124

,102,102,124,102,102,0 irem 208
1700 DATA 0,126,96,120,96,96,126,0,0,102,

102,126,102,102,102,0,0 : rem 28
1710 DATA 126,24,24,24,24,126,0^0,0,0,0,0

,0,0,0,0,24,24,0,0,24 srem 143
1720 DATA 24,0,102,102,102,102,0,0,0,0,22

0,222,220,216,220,222 : rem 155
1730 DATA 220,216,255,255,0,255,255,119,3

4,0,24,24,24,255,255 srem 182
1740 DATA 24,24,24,0,0,0,255,255,0,0,0,25

5,255,192,223,222,220 : rem 197
1750 DATA 216,216,0,96,96,96,96,96,124,0,

0,102,102,102,102,60,24,0 srem 159
1760 ******* SPRITE DATA ******* : rem 11
1770 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,3,128,7,3,192,15,3,

255,255,3,255,255,1 srem 98

1780 DATA 255,254,1,255,254,0,255,252,0,2

55,252,0,255,252,0,127 srem 22
1790 DATA 248,0,127,248,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 srem 165
1800 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,128,0

,4,32,0,1,128,0,3,8,0,6 : rem 212
1810 DATA 32,0,6,0,0,15,0,0,15,0,0,63,192

,0,255,240,1,255,248,3 srem 228
1820 DATA 255,252,3,255,252,3,255,252,3,2

55,252,1,255,248,0 irem 85

1830 DATA 255,240,0,127,224,0,31,128,0,0,

127,0,0,255,128,0,65 :rem 149
1840 DATA 0,0,148.128,0,128,128,0,93,0,0,

34,0,0,28,0,1,255 srem 251

1850 DATA 128,6,8,96,8,0,16,8,201,16,9,0,

144,8,129,48,4,129 srem 95

1860 DATA 32,4,129,32,3,195,192,1,231,128

,2,195,64,2,0,64,1 srem 7 5

1870 DATA 255,128,0,16,8,8,58,28,92,111,5

4.246.195,99,227^1 srem 115

1880 DATA 128,0,0,0,0,164,200,149,164,168

,149,170,169,93,202 srem 137
1890 DATA 201,93,206,169,213,170,169,85,1

70,169,84,170,205,85 srem 218
1900 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,192,236,3,98,187,6,

55,147,116,29,1,220 srem 111
1910 DATA 8,0,136,0,0 irem 247

Program 2: Kablam>— vie version

See special instructions in article before typing in.

6291
6297
6303
6309
6315
6321
6327
6333
6339
6345
6351
6357
6363
6369
6375
6381
6387
6393
6399
6405
6411
6417
6423

5011,016

5 049,048

1 169, 000
s 093, 003
:144,032
s016,032
s017,169
5 169,003
5076,003
1017,172
s 208,003
5055,019

5010,141

1003,032
5016,032
1019,173
1076,245
1060,003
1074,003
1064,003
1003,141
! 141,076
1141,019

,000,
,057,
,141,
,169,
,130,
,012,
,007,
,141,
,016,
,074,
,076,
,032,
,076,
,140,
,078,
,072,
,01S,
, 141 ,
,141,
,032,
,072,
,003,
,145,

000,158
000,000
092,003
024,141
020,032
018,032
141,074
064,003
024,032
003,196
077,016
030,019
003,206
017,032
019,032
003,208
169,000
061,003
108,021
074,017
003,169
096,169
173,017

,052,
,000,
,141,
,015,
,100,
,074,
,003,
,173,
,235,
,251,
,032,
,169,
,076,
,131,
,219,
,207,
,141,
,141,
,141,
,169,
,010,
,239,
,145,

128
051
193
098
117
105
082
230
069
146
107
025
219
068
115
151
124
146
231
108
153
229
151

170 COMPUTEI's Gazette January

6429
6435
6441
6447
6453
6459
6465
6471
6477
6483
6489
6495
6501
6507
6513
6519
6525
6531
6537
6543
6549
6555
6561
6567
6573
6579
6585
6591
6597
6603
6609
6615
6621
6627
6633
6639
6645
6651
6657
6663
6669
6675
6681
6687
6693
6699
6705
6711
6717
6723
67 29
6735
6741
6747

6753
6759
6765
6771
6777
6783
6789
6795
6801
6807
6813
6819
6825
6831
6837
6843

!041,016
:021,169
tl73,032
:003,23a
:021,041
! 208, 006
il69,001
il69,012
t 162,002
: 008, 169
:032,055
: 208, 008
:031,032
! 031, 208
1206,031
:202,016
:196,252
:169,032
:031,153
:016,246
5027,153
!031,132
! 184, 151
1169,028
1206,031
:151,153
!029,153
8031,169
:153,206
5 003,240
: 238,060
: 208,003
:004,160
;255,174
!003,032
: 060, 003
il70,i73
1003,005
1060,003
1061,003
1008,160
1255,174
1003,032
1206,133
1168,173
1169,228
:133,171
1169,151
!l60,021
: 072, 169
:145,170
;136,016
:233,022
« 233,000

1170,233

!l71,233
1165,180
1165,181
I 202, 016
1224,165
1 202, 208
1010,101
1142,074
1176,252
1096,169
1169,255
:147,032
:160,005
1160,000
:210,255

,208

,003

,206

,108,

,127

,141

,034

,145,

,145

,041

,128

,208,

,108

,021

,173

,108,

,015

,141

,108

,021,

,201

,002

,176

,002,

,201

,011

,144

,002,

,141

,064

,003

,168,

,185

,162

,031

,208,

,032

,153

,162

,031,

,017

,185

,184

,031,

,169

,032

,153

,184,

,055

,017

,185

,206,

,008

,169

,032

,153,

,032

055

,017

,200,

,213

,172

,064

,003,

,240

,071

,164

,252,

,162

,003

,153

,184,

,206

,031

,200

,202,

,172

,064

,003

,169,

,104

,031

,153

,206,

,252

,169

,000

,153,

,153

,206

,151

,200,

,153

,184

,031

,153,

,169

,000

,153

,184,

,206

,151

,200

,169,

,184

,031

,153

,206,

,000

,153

,184

,151,

,151

,096

,173

,082,

,003

,206

,082

,003,

,003

,173

,060

,003,

,238

,061

,003

,162,

,016

024

,032

,240,

,060

,003

,173

,061,

,205

,221

,056

,173,

,237

,092

,003

,133,

,061

003

,237

,093,

,170

144

012

rl73.

,141

092

003

rl73,

,141

093

003

162,

,016

024

032

.240,

,092

003

173

093,

,205

221,

096,

169,

,167

169,

031,

133,

,141

002,

208,

251,

,133

170,

169,

031,

,169

228,

133

180,

,133

181,

162,

021,

.177,

167,

208,

012,

,032

145,

167,

104,

,169

000,

145,

180,

,237

056,

165,

167,

,133,

167,

165,

168,

,133,

168,

056,

165,

,022,

133,

170,

165,

,000,

133,

171,

056,

,233,

022,

133,

180,

,233,

000,

133,

181,

,193,

096,

032,

148,

,142,

162,

003,

010,

,252,

024,

101,

142,

,142,

105,

003,

133,

,074,

056,

233,

012,

,105,

015,

133,

251,

,128,

141,

019,

145,

,141,

034,

145,

169,

,210,

255,

162,

011,

,024,

032,

240,

255,

,185,

244,

019,

032,

,200.

192,

012,

208,

099
160

000

186
144
142
081
116
059
126
081
081
115
196
142
021
020
066
192
045
135
124
182
117
148
185
173
111
034
228
234
122
185
185
155
255
214
246
217
214
237
041
239
102
212
175
039
104
038
244
114
088
205
078
222
099
254
240
040
065
038
121
224
059
087
052
218
123
053
240

6849 1245,169,014,032,210,255,094
6855 1162,013,160,005,024,032,083
6861 1240,255,160,000,185,000,021
6867 1 020 , 032 , 210 , 255 , 200 , 192 ,096
6873 1012,208,245,032,228,255,173
6879 1 240 , 251 , 201 , 049 , 144, 247 , 075
6885 1201,054,176,243,056,233,168
6891 1 048 , 073 , 255 , 141 , 063 , 003 , 050
6897 1169,147,032,210,255,032,062
6903 1202,020,174,063,003,024,221
6909 1169,000,105,048,202,208,217
6915 1251,141,082,003,162,003,13 3
6921 1160,016,024,032,240,255,224
6927 1 160 , 000 , 185 ,062 , 020 , 032 , 218
6933 5 210,255,200,192,007,208,069
6939 5 245 , 162 , 006 , 160 , 016 , 024 , 128
6945 5 032,240,255,160,000,185,137
6951 1069,020,032,210,25 5,200,057
6957 5 192,012,208,245,162,010,106
6963 1160,016,024,032,240,255,010
6969 1160,000,185,081,020,032,023
6975 (210,255,200,192,007,208,111
6981 1245,162,013,160,016,024,177
6987 103 2,240,255,160,000,185,179
6993 1088,020,032,210,255,200,118
6999 1192,015,208,245,162,022,163
7005 5 160,001,024,032,240,255,037
7011 1160,000,185,111,020,032,095
7017 1210,255,200,192,019,208,165
7023 1245,169,000,141,019,145,062
7029 1173,017,145,041,032,208,221
7035 1249,160,021,169,032,153,139
7041 1 228, 031 , 136 , 208, 248 , 096 ,052
7047 1160,002,162,022,024,032,025
7053 i 240 , 255 , 160 , 000 ,185,012, 225
7059 1020,032,210,255,200,192,032
7065 1018,208,245,032,2 28,255,115
7071 I 240 , 251 , 201 ,089 , 240 , 007 ,163
7077 1201,078,240,006,076,010,008
7083 5 019,076,029,016,000,164,219
7089 1251,140,074,003,162,001,040
7095 1024,032,240,255,160,000,126
7101 1185,030,020,032,210,255,153
7107 1200,192,017,208,245,096,129
7113 1172,074,003,162,001,024,125
7119 1032,240,255,160,000,185,055
7125 1047,020,0 32,210,2 55,200,209
7131 1192,014,208,245,096,160,110
7137 5 021,185,228,031,208,028,158
7143 5 169,036,153,228,031,169,249
7149 1000,153,228,151,072,152,225
7155 1072,032,182,019,032,219,031
7161 1019,104,168,104,206,072,154
7167 1003 , 076 , 116 , 019 ,136 , 208 , 045
7173 1220,169,032,153,228,031,070
7179 1162,011, 160 , 016 , 024 , 032 , 160
7185 1240,255,173,082,003,205,207
7191 1084,003,240,013,160,000,011
7197 5 185,103,020,032,210,2 55,066
7203 1200,192,008,208,245,173,037
7209 1 082 , 003 , 141 , 084, 003 ,056,154
7215 1073,255,170,169,000,032,234
7221 1205,221,162,015,160,016,064
7227 1024,032,240,255,174,072,088
7233 1003,169,000,032,205,221,183
7239 1096 , 169 , 015 , 141 , 014 , 144 , 138
7245 5 169,129,141,013,144,162,067
7251 1010,138, 072 , 032 , 219 , 019 , 061
7257 1 104, 170, 202 , 208, 246, 169 , 164
7263 5 000,141,014,144,024,17 3,079

COMPUTE rs Gaieim January

171

7269 ! 082 , 003 , 105 , 016 , 141 , 082 , 018
7275 : 003, 096, 172, 082, 003, 162, 113
7281 ;080,202,208, 253,136,192, 160
728 7 : 255 , 208 , 246 , 056 , 173 , 013 , 046
7293 1144,233,012,009,128,141,024
7299 :013, 144, 096, 144, 032, 032, 080
7305 ! 075 , 065 , 066 , 076 , 065 , 077 , 049
7311 1032,032,032,076,069,086,214
7317 J 069, 076, 032, 040, 049, 045, 204
7323 : 05 3, 041, 063, 080, 076, 065, 021
7329 ! 089, 032 , 065, 071 , 065 , 073 , 044
7335 :078 , 032 , 089 , 032 ,079 ,082 , 047
7341 : 032, 078, 063, 031, 032, 157,054
7347 ! 017, 094, 095, 157, 157, 017, 204
7353 1033,035,017,157,157,144,216
7359 :017, 064, 144, 032, 157, 017, 110
7365 1032, 032, 157, 157, 017, 032, 112
7371 £032,017,157,157,017,028,099
7377 1083,067,079,082,069,144,221
7383 1030,072,073,017,157,157,209
7389 1083,067,079,082,069,144,233
739 5 1 156 , 083 , 080 , 069 , 069 , 068 , 240
7401 1144,066,079,077,066,083,236
7407 1017,157,157,157,157,157,017
7413 1076,069,070,084,032,032,096
7419 1032,032,157,157,157,157,175
7425 1 080, 082 , 069 , 083 ,083 ,032 ,174
7431 1070,073,082,069,03 2,084,161
7437 £079,032,083,084,065,082,182
7443 1084 , 160 , 000 , 185 , 000 , 128 , 064
7449 : 153,000,028, 200, 208,247,093
7455 1 160 ,000, 185 , 000 , 129 , 153 , 146
7461 1000,029.200,208,247,160,113
7467 J 007 , 185 ,020 ,021 ,153 , 000 , 17 3
7473 1028,136,016,247,160,039,163
7479 1185,028,021,153,216,028,174
7485 1 136 , 016 , 247 , 160 , 007 , 185 , 044
7491 1068,021,153,008,029,136,226
7497 :016, 247,160,031, 185,076,020
7503 J021, 153, 024, 029, 136, 016, 202
7509 :247, 169,255, 141,005, 144,022
7515 1096,162,021,169,059,133,219
7521 t 167, 169, 0 30, 133, 168, 160, 156
7527 J006 , 169 , 037 , 145 ,167,024,139
7533 1 165, 168, 105, 120, 133, 168, 200
7539 1169,002,145,167,056,165,051
7545 1168,233,120,133,168,136,055
7551 1208,231,024,165,167,105,003
7557 1022,133,167,165,168,105,125
7563 1000,133,168,202,208,213,039
7569 1160,015,169,038,153,088,000
7575 I 030 , 136 ,016 , 248 , 160 ,015 , 244
7581 1169,002,153,088,150,136,087
7587 1016,248,096,048,008,008,075
7593 1060,126,126,126,060,255,154
7599 £255,25 5,063,031,015,007,033
7605 1003,255,255,255,255,255,179
7611 1255,255,255,255,255,255,181
7617 1252,248,240,224,192,015,084
7623 £ 018 , 016 , 010 , 005 , 060 , 064 ,116
7629 1072, 240,072,008,080, 160,069
7635 1056,004,036,072,072,072,011
7641 1072,119,064,064,063,036,123
7647 1036 , 036 ,036 , 220 ,004 , 004,047
7653 1248,200,084,156,212,051,156
7659 1043,048,035,238,238,238,051
7665 £000,187,187,187,000,255,033
7671 £06 5,036,024,024,036,065,241
7677 1255,058,013,013,013,013,106

Disk Merge

Article oti page 135.

BEFORE TYPING . . .

Before typing in programs, please refer to
"How To Type In COMPUTEI's GAZETTE
Programs," which appears before the Program
Listings.

100 GOTO390 £rem 102

110 GET#FI,By$tIFBy$<>""THENPRINT#3,BY$i i

GOTO110 irem 146

120 PRINT* 3, NU$ ; 1 RETURN irem 190

130 GET#FI , BY$ t IFBY$= " "THENBY=0 t RETURN

irem 107
140 BY=ASC ( BY? ) 1 RETURN t rem 110

150 DV=WD/256iHI=INT(DV)iLO=WD-HI*256iPRI

NTi3,CHR?(L0}?CHRS(HI) ; i RETURN

trem 141
160 GOSUB130£LO=BYiGOSUB130£LI (FI)=BY*256

+L0 irem 186

170 GOSUB130iLO=BYtGOSUB130tLN(FI)=BY*256

+1jO irem 192

180 1PL1(FI)>0THENPRINTTAB((FI-1)*9) ;LN(F

1) ;"{Up1" :rem 85

190 CA(FI)=CA(FI)+LS(FI) !LS(FI)=LI(FI)-CA

(Fl) 1 RETURN irem 95

200 LI(3)=LI{3)+LS(PI) £WD=Ll(3}tGOSUB150i

WD=LN(FI) 1GOTO150 irem 187

210 GOSUB200;GOSUB110£GOTO160 irem 251
220 IFLI(1)=0ANDLI{2)=0THENRETURN £ rem 14
230 IFLI ( 2 ) =0THENFI=1 : GOSUB210 : GOTO220

£ rem 41
240 IFLI ( 1 ) =0THENFI=2 IG0SUB2 10 1 GOTO220

irem 42
250 IFLK{1)<LN{2)THENFI=1 JGOSUB2101GOTO22

0 irem 27

260 1FLN{ 1 ) >LN( 2 )THENFI=2 iGOSUB2l0 1GOT022

0 irem 31

270 FI=liGOSUB210iFI=2iGOSUB280£GOTO220

irem 118
280 GET*FI,BY$£lFBy$<>""THEN280 irem 38
290 GOTO160 srem 107

300 GOSUB130tLO='BYiGOSUB130iCA(Fl)=BY*256

+LOi RETURN irem 191

310 WD=CA(3) 1GOTO150 irem 125

320 PRINT PR0MPT$;"{5 SHIFT-SPACE]

15 LEFT}"; srem 19

330 INPUT FI?iFC$=LEFT$(FI$,l) irem 173
340 NULL=FC$ = " E SHIFT-SPACE } " i QUIT=FC?

£ RETURN
350 OPEN FI,8,FI+2,"0t"+FI$
360 INPUT»15,EN,EM$,ET,ES
370 ERR=EN>19iIF ERR THEN PRINT

OSE FI
380 RETURN

390 DIM CA(3),LI(3),LN(2),LS(2)
400 NU5=CHR$t0)
410 PRINTiPRINT "{RVS}t5 SPACES}DISK MERG

e{5 spaces}" irem 218

420 OPEN 15,8,15 trem 36

430 FI=liPR0MPT$="[2 SPACES} PRIMARY FILE"

irem 153
440 GOSUB 3201 IF NULL THEN 440 irem 120
450 IP QUIT THEN 700 irem 49

460 GOSUB 3501 IP ERR THEN 440 irem 43
470 PI=2i PROMPT $=" SECONDARY FILE" irem 34

: rem 9

irem 141

irem 220

ENrEM$iGL

irem 44

irem 123

1 rem 90

1 rem 26

172 COMPUTBl's Gazette January

480
490

500
510
520
530

540
550
560

570
580
590

600

610
620

630

640

650
660

670
680
690
700

GOSUa 320!SECNULL=NULL 5 rem 121
IF SECNULL THEN PRINT "♦RELOCATE ONLY
*":GOTO530 s rem 50

IF QUIT THEN 700 irein 45

AF$=FI$ jreni 49

GOSUB 350:IF ERR THEN 480 :rem 44
FI=3!PROMPT$="{3 SPACES )MERGED PILE"

:rem 44
GOSUB 320! IF NULL THEN 540 : rem 122
IF QUIT THEN 700 : rem 50

FI5=FI$+",P,W"! GOSUB 350! IF ERR=0 THE
N 620 srem 228

IF ENO70 THEN 540 I rem 103

PRINT "(UP 1(16 SPACES] (UP]" ! rem 144
BP$=FI$!CLOSE 2:G0SUB 350tE2=ERR

: rem 69
FI=2tFI$=AF$!GOSUB350iFI=3iFI$=BF$

!rem 202
IF E2 THEN 530 !rem 100

INPUT" J 2 SPACES} BASE ADDRESS
[2 SPACES) 1025(6 LEFT} "; BASE? : rem 125
IF LEFT$(BASE$,1)="*" THEN 700

I rem 213
CA(3}=VAL(BASE$):LI(3)-CAC3) I rem 234
FI=ltG0SUB 300IGOSUB 160 : rem 54
IF NOT SECNULL THEN FI=2! GOSUB 300:00
SUB 160 :rem 253

GOSUB 310 :rem 177

GOSUB 220 irem 178

PRINT#3,NU$!NU$; : rem 178

CLOSE 3: CLOSE 2! CLOSE 1 1 CLOSE 15

irem 25

s rem 111

710 END

Tiny MLX

Article on pa^e 145,

BEFORE TYPING . . .

Before typing in programs, please refer to
"How To Type In COMPUTEl's GAZETTE
Programs," which appears before the Program
Listings.

100

210
300
310

320

480
490
500

510

515
520

530
540
5 50
560
570

POKE56, 24 IPOKE55 , 146 :CLR! POKE788, 194

! rem 76
S=6291:E=7682 : rem 136

PRINT" {CLR}";CHR${ 14 ) !AD=S : rem 56

PRINTRIGHT${"0000"+MID$(STR?(AD),2) ,5
);":";:FORJ=1T06 ! rem 234

GOSUB570:IFN=-1THENJ=J+N!GOTO320

!rem 228
IFN<0THENPRINT:GOTO310 : rem 168

A{J}=N:NEXTJ ! rem 199

CKSUM=AD-INT(AD/256)*256!F0RI=1T06!CK
SUM=(CKSUM+A(I) )AND25 5:NEXT : rem 200
PRINTCHR$(18); :GOSUB570 ! PRINTCHR? ( 20}

: rem 234
IPN=CKSUMTHEN530 : rem 255

PRINT! PRINT "LINE ENTERED WRONG": PRINT
" RE-ENTER ": PRI NT i GOSUB I 000 JG0T03 10

irem 129
GOSUB2000 -rem 218

F0RI=1T06:P0KEAD+I-1,A(I) !NEXT: rem 80
AD=AD+6:IPAD<ETHEN310 : rem 212

GOTO710 :rem 108

N=0:Z=0 -rem 88

580
581
385

590
600
610

620
6 30
640
650

660
670
680
690

692
695

700

710

720
730

740

750

760

762

763

765

766

770

775
780

781

782
845

1000
1001
1002
1003

2000
2001

2002

PRINT"i+?";
GETA$:IFA$=""THEN5ai
PRINTCHR$(20) ; :A=ASC(A$)
ORA=32THEN670
IFA>128THENN=-A: RETURN
IFAO20 THEN 630
GOSUB690!lFI=lANDT=44THENN=
(left) (left)"; :GOTO690
GOTO570

IFA<4aORA>57THEN5a0
PRINTA$: !N=N*10+A-48
IFN>255 THEN A=20 :GOSUB1000

!rem 79
! rem 95
IFA=130RA=44
!rem 229
!rem 137
: rem 1 0
1 :PRINT"
! rem 172
! rem 109
:rem 105
: rem 106
GOTO600
: rem 229
: rem 7 1
GOTOS70

Z=Z+l!lFZ<3THEN580

IFZ=0THENGOSUB1000:GOTOS70 : rem 114
PRINT", "r :RETURN : rem 240

S%=PEEK( 209 )+2 56*PEEK(210 )+PEEK ( 211 )

! rem 149
F0RI=1T03:T=PEEK(S%-I} :rem 68
IFT < > 44ANDT < > 58THENPOKES%-1 , 32 :NEXT

:rem 205
PRINTLEFT5( "{3 LEFT5",I-1) ; : RETURN

: rem 7
PRINT"fCLR) (RVS)*** SAVE ***{3 DOWN}"

! rem 236

INPUT" (DOWN] FILENAME" ;F$ : rem 228

PRINT: PRINT" (2 DOWNHRVS 3t{0FF }APE OR

{RVS]D{0FF3iSK: (T/D) " : rem 228

GETA$:IFA$<>"T"ANDA$<>"D"THEN740

:rem 36
DV=1-7*(A§="D"}:IFDV=8THENF$="0s"+F$

I rem 158
T$=F$!ZK=PEEK(53)+256*PEEK(54)-LEN(T$
) !POKE782,ZK/256 : rem 3

POKE781 , ZK-PEEK ( 782 ) *256 : POKE780 , LEN (
T?):SYS65469 :rem 109

POKE7e0, 1 :POKE781 ,DV:POKE782,0:SYS654
66 : rem 68

POKE254,S/2 56:POKE25 3,S-PEEK(254)*256
!POKE7S0,253 ; rem 12

POKE782,E/256:POKE7ai,E-PEEK(782}*256
:SYS65496 ; rem 124

IF(PEEK(783)AND1}0R(ST AND191 )THEN780

i rem 111
PRINT" [down! DONE. ":END
PRINT" {DOWN} ERROR ON SAVE. (2
RY AGAIN. ":IFDV=1THEN720
OPEN15,8, 15tINPUT#15,El$,E2$
rE2$;CLOSE15:GOTO720
GOTO720

: rem 106
SPACES }T
: rem 171
PRINTEl?
: rem 103
: rem 115

POKE780,l!POKE781,DV:POKE7a2,l
66

REM BELL TONE .

POKE36B78,15:POKE36a74,190 :
FORW=1TO300:NEXTW ;

P0KE36a78 , 0 :POKE36874 , 0 :

REM BELL SOUND

FORW=15TO0STEP-1 :POKE36878,W
76,240:NEXTW
POKE36876,0: RETURN

:SYS654
:rem 70
rem 250
rem 206
rem 117

RETURN

:rem 74
i rem 78
P0KE368
srera 22
rem 119

MLX For The 64

10 REM LINES CHANGED FROM MLX VERSION 2.0

0 ARE 750,765,770 AND 860 : rem 50

20 REM LINE CHANGED FROM MLX VERSION 2.01

IS 300 irem 147

100 PRINT "{CLR}i6i";CHR$( 142) ;CHR$(8); tPO

KE53281,l!POKE53280,l : rem 67

COMPUTE'S Gazette January

173

101 POKE 788,52sREM DISABLE RUN/STOP

trem 119
110 PRINT" {RVS}! 39 SPACES}"; :rem 176
120 PRINT "{RVS If 14 SPACES } [RIGHT] {OFF} E*3
£{ RVS} {right) {right! (2 SPACES }g*|

Toff)E*3£{Rvs]£{rvs3{14 spaces} "r

; rem 250
130 PRINT" (RVS} (14 SPACES }( RIGHT} iG|

{right} {2 RIGHT} {OFF }£{ RVS3£E*3

{0FF}?*HRVS}{14 SPACEST"; srem 35
140 PRINT" {RVS} {41 SPACES}" :rem 120
200 PRINT" (2 DOWN} fPURj {BLK} MACHINE LANG

UAGE EDITOR VERSION 2. 02 {5 DOWN}"

:rem 238
210 PBINT"i5H2 UP} STARTING ADDRESS?

(8 SPACES} (9 LEFT}"; j rem 143

215 INPUTS{F=1-F:C$=CHR$ { 31+119*F)

:rem 166
220 IFS<2560R( S>40960ANDS< 49152 )ORS> 53247

THENGOSUB3000SGOTO210 : rem 235
225 PRINT: PRINT SPRINT : rem 180

230 PRINT"^53E2 UP}ENDING ADDRESS?

{8 SPACES} {9 LEFT}"; :INPUTE!F=1-F!C?=

CHR$(31+119*F) :rem 20

240 IFE<256OR(E>40960ANDE<491 52 }ORE> 53247

THENGOSUB3000!GOTO230 : rem 183
250 IFE<STHENPRINTC$; "[RVS}ENDING < START

[2 SPACES }":GOSUB1000:GOTO 230

! rem 176
260 PRINTsPRINTiPRINT : rem 179

300 PRINT" {CLR}";CHR$( 14) !AD=S : rem 56
310 A=l!PRINTRIGHT$( "0000"+MID$ ( STR$ (AD) ,

2), 5) ;":",- : rem 33

315 F0RJ=AT06 :rem 33

320 GOSUB570!lPN=-lTHENJ=J+N:GOTO320

:rem 228
390 IFN=-211THEN 710 : rem 62

400 IFN=-204THEN 790 : rem 64

410 IFN=-206THENPRINT: INPUT" {DOWN}ENTER N

EW ADDRESS "rZZ : rem 4?

415 IFN=-206THENIFZZ < SORZZ > ETHENPRINT"

{RVSjOUT OF RANGE" ;GOSUB1000 !GOTO4I0

irem 225
417 IFN=-206THENAD=ZZ; PRINT :GOTO310

srem 238
420 IF No-196 THEN 480 srem 133

430 PRINT ! INPUT "DISPLAY: FROM" r Ft PRINT, "TO

"; sINPUTT srem 234

440 IFF < SORF >EORT< SORT > ETHENPRINT "AT LEAS

T";S;"{LEFT}, NOT MORE THAN" ;E!GOT043

0 :rein 159

450 F0RI=FT0TSTEP6 : PRINT !PRINTRIGHT?( "000
0"+MID${STR$(I),2),5);"t"; i rem 30

451 FORK=0TO5:N=PEEK(I+K) s PRINTRIGHT$ ( "00
"+MID$(STR$(N),2),3) ;", "; srem 66

460 GETA$ ! IFA9> " "THENPRINT: PRINT :GOT03 10

srem 25
470 NEXTK:PRINTCHR$(20); sNEXTI : PRINT sPRIN

TiGOTO310 srem 50

480 IFN<0 THEN PRINT 5GOTO310 srem 168
490 A(J)=NsNEXTJ :rem 199

500 CKSUM=AD-INTtAD/256)*256:FORI=lT06iCK

SUM=tCKSUM+A(I))AND255 5HEXT srem 200

510 PRINTCHR9(18); :GOSUB570 sPRINTCHR? ( 146
) f 1 rem 94

511 IFN=-lTHENA=6:GOT0315 srem 2 54
515 PRINTCHR9(20) sIFN=CKSUMTHEN530

: rem 122

520 PRINT: PRINT "LINE ENTERED WRONG ; RE-E

NTER" sPRINTsGOSUB1000!GOTO310:rem 176

530 GOSUB2000 srem 218

540 F0RI=lT06sP0KEAD+I-l,A(I) sNEXTtPOKE54
272,0:POKE54273,0 :rem 227

550 AD=AD+6:IF AD<E THEN 310 srem 212
560 GOTO 710 srem 108

570 N=0:Z=0 srem 88

580 PRINT" ii:3"; srem 81

581 GETA$;IFA$=""THEN581 srem 95

582 AV=-{A$="M" )-2*{A$=" , " )-3*(A$=" . " )-4*
(A5="J")-5*(A$="K")-6*(A$="L") srem 41

583 AV=AV-7*(A$="U"}-8*CA?="I")-9*(A$="0"
) :IFA$="H"THENA$="0" srem 134

584 IFAV>0THENA?=CHR$(48+AV) srem 134

585 PRINTCHR$(20); sA=ASC( A? ) ; IFA=130RA=44
ORA=32THEN670

590 IFA>128THENN=-Ai RETURN

600 IFAO20 THEN 630

610 GOSUB690sIFI=lANDT=44THENN=-l

{ OFF H LEFT} {LEFT)"; :GOTO690
620 GOTO570

630 IFA<48ORA>57THEN580
640 PRINTA$j sN=N*10+A-48
650 IFN>255 THEN A=20 sGOSUB1000

660
670
680
690

691
695

700

710

715

720

730

740

750

762

763

rem 229
rem 137
s rem 10
PRINT"
srem 62
srem 109
srem 105
srem 106
GOTO 600
srem 229
srem 71
srem 114
: rem 240

Z=Z+lsIFZ<3THEN580

IFZ=0THENGOSUB1000 :GOTO570

PRINT", "r s RETURN

S%=PEEK{ 209 )+256*PEEK( 210 )+PEEK( 21 1 )

srem 149
F0RI=1T03 sT=PEEK(S%-l) srem 67

IFT<>44ANDT<>58THENPOKES%-I,32:NEXT

srem 205
PRINTLEFT$C"t3 LEPT}",I-1) ; s RETURN

srem 7
PRINT"{CLR) [RVS}*** SAVE ***{3 DOWN}"

srem 236
PRINT" {2 DOWN} {PRESS { RVS}RETURH{0PF)
ALONE TO CANCEL SAVE) {DOWN} "srem 106
F$="" s INPUT" {down} filename ";F$s I FF$=
""THENPRINTsPRINT:GOTO310 : rem 71
PRINTS PRINT" {2 DOWN} { RVS )Tf OFF} APE OR
{RVS)d(0FF}ISKs (T/D)" srem 228
GETA$sIPA$<>"T"ANDA$<>"D"THEN740

s rem 36
DV=l-7* {A$ = "D'' ) s IFDV=8THENF5 = "0 5 "+F? :
OPEN15,8,15, "S"+F$sCL0SE15 srem 212
760 T$=F$:ZK=PEEK(53)+256*PEEK(54)-LEN(T$
) :P0KE782,ZK/256 srem 3

POKE781 , ZK-PEEK( 782 ) *256 : POKE7a0 , LEN (
T5} ssys65469 srem 109

POKE780,l:POKE781,DVsPOKE782,l:SYS654
66 s rem 69

765 K=S:POKE254,K/256ePOKE253,K-PEEK(254)
*256sPOKE780,253 srem 17

766 K=E+1 s POKE782 , K/256sPOKE781 , K-PEEK{ 78
2)*256:SYS65496 srem 235

770 IF{PEEK(783)ANDl)OR(191ANDST)THEN7a0

; rem 111

PRINT" (DOWN) DONE. { DOWN} " sGOTO310

I rem 113

PRINT"{D0WN)ERR0R ON SAVE. {2

RY AGAIN. "sIFDV=lTHEN720

OPEN15,8,15sINPUT#15,E1$,E2$!

;E2$sCLOSE15:GOTO720

PRINT" {CLR} [RVS}*** LOAD ***{2 DOWN)"

srem 212

PRINT" {2 DOWN} (PRESS [ RVS } RETURN [OFF )
ALONE TO CANCEL LOAD)" srem 82

F$="":INPUT"{2 DOWN} FILENAME "; F$ : IFF

$=""THENPRINTsGOTO310 : rem 144

PRINTS PRINT" {2 DOWN] {RVS) T( OFF} APE OR
{RVS)d(0FF}iSK: (t/D) " srem 227

775

780

781

790

795

800

810

SPACES }T

s rem 171

tPRINTEl$

: rem 103

174 COMPUTEI's GazsHe January

820 GETA?!lFA$<>"T"ANDA$<>"D"THEN820

;rem 34
830 DV=1-7*(A?="D") :IFDV=8THENF$="0;"+F$

; rem 157

840 T$=F$!ZK=PEEK(53)+256*PEEK(54)-LENCT$
) !P0KE782,ZK/256 :rem 2

841 POKE781 , 2K-PEEK( 782 )*256 t POKE780,LEN(
T$)iSYS65469 :rem 107

845 POKE780 , 1 i POKETSl , DV ! POKE7B2 , 1 : SYS654
66 srem 70

850 POKE780,0:SYS65493 : rem 11

860 IFCPEEK(783}AND1)OR(191ANDST)THEN870

:rem 111
865 PRINT" [down! DONE, ":G0T03 10 s rem 96
870 PRINT" (DOWN} ERROR ON LOAD . { 2 SPACES J T
RY AGAIN. {down}" sIFDV=ITHEN800

J rem 172

880 OPEN15,8,15! INPUT#15,El?,E2$:PRINTEi$

;E2$!CLDSE15:GOTO800 ;rem 102

1000 REM BUZZER :rem 135

1001 POKE54296 , 15 :POKE54277 , 45 t POKE54278,
165 srem 207

1002 POKE54276,33tPOKE 54273, 6 i POKE54272 ,
5 ! rem 42

1003 PORT=1TO200 tNEXT; POKE54276, 32 : POKE54
273, 0!POKE54272,0! RETURN srem 202

2000 REM BELL SOUND : rem 78

2001 POKE54296 , 15 : POKE54277 , 0 : POKE54278 , 2
47 -rem 152

2002 POKE 54276, 17tPOKE54273,40sPOKE54272
•0 srem 86

2003 FORT=lTO100sNEXTsPOKE54276,16:RETURN

3000 PRINTC5;"{RVS)N0T ZERO PAGE OR ROM"s
GOTO1000 .rem 89

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COMPUTES Gazetto January

175

COMPUTEl's Gazette for Commodore

AUTHOR GUIDE

COMPUTBl's Gazette for Commodore is looking for
interesling, useful articles aimed at beginning to inter-
mediate VIC-2() and Commodore 64 users. If you have
nn article idea or a good original program, we'd like to
see it. Don't worry if you are not a professional writer.
VVc are more concerned with tlie content of ^^\i arltcle
than its style. Simply try to be clear in your writing
and check your program for any bugs,

COMPUTE!'^ Ciizt'tle for Commodore is a con-
sumer-oriented magazine for VlC-2() and Commodore
64 users who want to get the most out of their com-
puters in a noti-technical way. It is aimed primarily at
home users, not all of whom necessarily want to be-
come expert programmers. If your article covers a
more advanced or technical topic, you may choose to
submit it to our companion publication, COMPUTE!. If
you submit an article to one of our magazines and we
believe it wouki be inore suitable to the other, we will
transfer your submission to the right editors. The basic
editorial requirements for publication are the same for
both magazines; so are the payment rales.

Tiie tollowing guidelines will permit your good
ideas and programs to be more easily edited and pub-
lished. Most of these suggestions serve to improve the
speed and accuracy of publication:

1. The upper left corner of the first page should
contain your name, address, telephone number, and
the date of submission,

2. The following information should appear in the
upper right corner of the first page. If your article is
specifically directed to either the VlC-20 or Commodore
64, please state which one. In addition, please indicate
the memory rei)uirements of programs.

3. The underlined title of the article should start
about 2/3 of the way down Ihe first page.

4. Following pages should be typed normally,
except that in the upper right corner there should be
an abbreviation of the title, your last name, and the
page number. I-or example: Memory Map/Smith/2.

5. Short programs (under 20 lines) can easily be
included witliin the text. Longer programs should be
separate listings. II is esseiiliiil titot av haven cop}/ of the
ffo^nu)!. n'canieii Iwiiv, on it tii}k' or di^k. The tape or
disk should be labeled with your name and the title of
the article. Tapes are faidy sturdy, but disks need to be
enclosed within plastic or cardboard mailers (available
at photography, stationery, or computer supply
stores) ,

It is far easier for others to tvpe in vour program if
you use CHRS(X) values and '['A\^{X) or SPC(X) instead
of cursor manipulations to format your output. For
five carriage returns, FOR 1= 1 TO 5:PRINT;NEX'r is far
more "portable" to other computers with other B ASICs
and also easier lo type in. And, instead of a dozen
right-cursor symbols, why not simply use I'RINT
SPC(12)? A quick check through your program -

176 COMPUTBl's Gazette January

making these substitutions - would be greatly ap-
preciated by your editors and by your readers.

6. If your article is accepted and v'ou have since
matle improvements to the program, please submit an
entirely new tape or disk and a new copy of the article
reflecting the update. We cannot easil)' make re\'isions
to programs and articles. It is necessary that you send
the revised version as if it were a new submission en-
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and the article.

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10. A good general rule is to spell out the numbers
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n. For greater claritv, use all capitals when refer-
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12. COM PUTE/'s GazeUc for ComnnKiore pays
between S75 and SIOOO for published articles. In gen-
eral, the rate reflects the length and quality of the article.
Payment is made upon acceptance of an article. Fol-
lovving submission (Editorial Department, COM-
PUTEI's Gnzetle for Commodore, P.O. Box 5406,
Greensboro, NC 27403) it will take from four to six
weeks for us to reply. If your work is accepted, you
will be notified by a'letter which will include a contract
for you to sign and return. Rejected manuscripts are
returned to authors who enclose an SASE, We do not
consider articles vs-hich are multiple submissions. !f
you wish to send <•\\^ article lo another magazine for
consideratioii, plea.se do not submit it lo us.

13. Articles can be of any length -from a single-line
routine to a multi-issue series. The average article is
aboul four to eight double-spaced, typed pages.

14. If you want to include photographs, they
should be 5x7, black-and-white glossies. ®

For CBM-64
and VIC
owners onfy:

This is just 1 of
20 pages of the
newest and biggest
Sidles catalog, hot
off the press,

We know you'll
want this page, in
its full 7x 10
splendor, and
another 1 9 pages
of peripherals,
software and books
that will make your
CBM-64 or VIC
computer even
nicer to live with.
So, if we missed

sending you your
very own copy
within the last few
weeks, call us at
(80O) 227-9998
(unless you live
in California, In
which case call
(415) 965-1735

From Skyles
Electric Works, the
oldest and largest
professional
specialists in the
business.

(h Skyles Electric Works

ja 231-E S. Whisman Road
^P Mountain View, California 94041

A Printer For All Reasons!

The GP'550-CD Is an extra high quality
graphic printer that offers both standard
dot matrix printing and near letter quality
printing all in a single unit

PRINTING
MODE

DOT MATflIX

(HxV)

S SPACES

NUMBER

OF
COLUMMS

PRINT
SPEED
(CPS)

CHARACTER

SPACIhfG
(CPI)

PASS

DPMotte:
Pica
Elite
Condonsod

9iia + 3
9x8+1
5x8+2

80
96
136

50
60
86

10
12
17

NLQ Mod*

Pica

Elite

Proportional

Super/Subscript

Italic Cursive

NOTE; There l3 expanded (doubla-widthj printino tunctlon in ewry chBroctaf mode
9x16 + 3 60 25 10 Z

9x16+1 98 30 12 2

Nx16 _ — — 2

5x8 136 43 17 2

12x16 60 25 10 2

Line Speclna 6. 8, 7Vt. 12, or N/1 20 (N = 0-991 lines per inch.

Papoi Feed Pln-leed and Irlction-leed (singte sheet)

Paper Width Adjuslable ftom 4,5 1o 10 inches (lantold paper)

Paper Type Fantold or cutsheut paper

Ribbon Single colof. spociol aelt-inking cassello

Dimensions 1 2" (D) x 1 6.5' (W) ' ■* S" (H) (including paper separator)

Printing Method Two- hammer

Pflnling Format 9xS(DPK 9x 16(NLQ)

ChafBcter Kinds 96 ASCII + ■14 characters and symbols

Graphics Artsitrary combination of B dots or 16 dols.

Multlplo Copies 3 Including original

only

$259.95!!

forVIC-20orC-64

FEATURES:

• Two print modes: Data Processing (DP) mode,
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• Lower noise level

• High cosl-perlormance.

• Two malriK configurations: 9(H) x 8(V) dots in
DP motje; 9 (H) x 1 6 (V) dots in NLQ mode.

• Capable of printing 140 different characters:
96 ASCII ctiaracters plus 44 European
Ctiaracters and symbols.

• Various character modes for special effects:
DP mode: Pica, Elite, Condensed

NLQ mode: Pica. Elite, Italic Cursive,
Superscript, Subscript and Proportional.

• Graphic printing of vertical 8-dot or 1 6-dol
graphic data.

FOR ORDERS CALL TOLL FREE:
1-800/962-5800 USA
1-800/962-3800 CALIF.

1 year parts & labor warranty

So easy to use - sn
cables & Includes

imply plug-in and print. Includes ail
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CASH PRICES

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Ihe screen prtxtpts will be all tiiat
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TO COPY PROGRAMS LONGER THAN 3K BYTES

ORDERING
INFORMATION

ADOIZOOPEnOROER

FOR SHIPPING.

WE ACCEPT VISA. MASTERCARD,

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CalHomia Residents, Add 6%
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178 COMPUTE rs Gazette January

ALL THE BEST PRICES

Qcommodore

1.1-801 Dot Miitnx Paraliiii (aiy 00

MC8 801 Color Ftmtar:...y,:i'.:/':L'^4,^t4go.oo

1530 LV.or PflnterTTottBr 4)l!9.0O

ifiSO Dalaseito 169.99

IS41 nifllf Urive jt!4f).00

1600 vm MmlBin S;i!) 'J'J

1610 Vic TBrm 40 t!;SJ 99

laso Auto Modam... , |ep Of>

170S Cnlor Monlttjr $249.00

DPS DFil.nywIieel Jiflntar 8450.00

Basic Or^a/ilzBr Loot[..f.:.Z'',(. >.;;!;,•„ „,,'.;'.(i»fl',S&''

Kill Joystick., aaeh. 44 B9

1313 I>adilleE Iji.aa

1110 VIC fiK $42 99

nil VIC lOK SOS 99

lEEK/ES'Kaa Intnrfii™ $4B,H£)

1211 Suiirj;- ExpariElar SfiS 99

MSD DRIVES
so I Dtiiii uriufi lasa.oo

SD Z DWa DrrvB... ;.,.,„.,;,„, ,.-,(M9. 00 ■

CARDCO
LlRht Puji $32.69

3 Slot VIC Expansion Intertaoe .... sas.ao

f! S'.oi Bxpaiiston Interfac!? . S 73.99

CasEOtto Interface $S9.99

Parallo] Prsnter Interface f^Q-BB

PariLllnl Intorraca w/Oraphliis S09.S9

CossetiB DaoK $aB 99

'■■•••''■-'•■ 'Oa'AWGK MICRO ■
Orapplsr CD luierfaoo Jl 19.00

TYMAC
C64 PHnter Inteffao^i SJ*£3.Ba

PERSONAL PERIPHERALS
Super Skotch Graphics Pad f 39.99

KOALA
C64 Koala Pan ROM »79,sa

Call for CBM 4 Plus

/f^/f/.w.

w////a ATARTSOFT iC QANiC^.

Clg nu6 S34.99

Defentlei' S34.93

KDhotron 20fl4 )34.9e

PacMan 116.89

. I)atijLB,y. Kone,._„„,.., $34.^9

0»ntipiit(i#i ... . . .' .SM.99

atargatij 834,99

COMMODORE (64)

C-64 Kel'tflffTics Gut4e , Slfl.flO

EasyCatc tUii.OO

Easy Flnanoo I. II, III, Iv 819,99

Easy Hall 819.99

Basy Sonpt S,'S9.99

GBS (64(

Addition ft Subcractloo $16.99

IJnOM KllUdMon , f [e.sj9

MuHlplJuatlnn 4» JltviBion lie. 91^

(JiiadinUn Kiiuations,. jla gg

SX-64 Portaljle $798

CommodorB S4 .....$199

VIC 80 ....CALL

./...v..v/^/.v/ MONITORS, „,,,,,,,,,

AMDEK

aoo oiMii tiaa.oo

aOO Amber ... . 814B OO

Now Colnr 300 6209,00

BMC

IHOl (12" Onjon) SB9.S)H

SJ101 Plus Color S24B.O0

GORILLA
laa Oraeii |BB 99

la" Amlier 889.99

■ ■■•''■yi%(>-- ■■'■■■■■■

JB laoi Gi-oati 8139.99

JB lEOB AilVbal- SMIt SIH

.IB laie Color sa&9 OO

SAKATA

sc-ino Color Si;t>3.uo

SCi 1000 Oraati 8129.00

SO-IOOQ Ainbop jian.oo

TAX AN

Qrtiiiii S12B00

Ainfcgi-.... 8119.00

USI

H" Gtuuit 8^i^.99

la" Oi'saii IU3.00

13'' Amlior $JKf).(K)

9" Amber $I19il9

1400 Color. SK4;S 09

ZENITH

ZVlt 122 AmSor Jas.BO

ZVM 123 Qrami , |B4.oa

100 12"
tOH 12"

Pi 1
PI 2
PI B
Pi 4.

CONTINENTAL SOFTWARE (64)

The Ifoirio Accountant 849.99

-j;^;, SOFTWARE

WZZ.V CSA (64)

PraotlCalo 839,99

PracttFilB 839.99

DESIGHWARE (64)

Cryio Club 829 aS

Trap-a-Zoid 829. en

DYWATECH (64)

Cihilpwrlinr , . 8VH 9H

ELECTHOHIC ARTS (64)
MiibKll ConminjRtian 829. &&

Cm if PaatB 839.99

Hard irat Mack $75.99

EPYX (6-64/VIC)

Tomplo of Apslial Sao.!)»

Upper Beachoa of Apshai $iC.aB

^^unipmajE Jnntnp., , 839.99

HES (B4)

Trl math 822,99

TH" Pit 8!a!n9

Ghost ^anop ,...,„,,„........., 81S.99

Pool Challenge 814.99

Hes Mon 64 829.99

Kofl Writer 64 $22.99

west
800-648-3311

In NV call {702)5a8 5654

Order Status Wumbo-: S88-S654

P.O.Box 6609, DepCttS

BtotdllnB. MV 09449

PRINTERS

C. ITOH

ProwrUor 8BI0P 8339.00

Pl-DWrltiir lUBOP jHfia.OO

AlO (IH cjiBl Son of HtarwTltflr tBH9.00

TIO^O StarwrHier.,..'.'./.'.:'.. ,8949.00

FIO-SB Prlntmaster , S1249 00

COMBEX
ComWrter Ii Loimr Quality 8449.00

EPSON

RX-60. KX-SOFT. HX.IOD. KX-SO, FX-lOO CALL

JUKI
6100 846900

MANNESMAN TALLY
laoL SS89 0C1

IHOL 8749,00

Spirll (to , 8269.00

NEC

8027 Dot Matrix 8369.00

OK I DATA

82. a3. H4. 92, 93, a3[i0. 2410 CALL

OLYMPIA

Compact a S4?9.00

Comi^iioi BO tSUig.OO

Needlupomt Dot Multu .8329.00

SMITH CORONA

I'l'-lOOO ■, .... 8449.00

SILVER REED

500 LoUor quaiily 8449.00

SBO Letter Quality 8B49 00

770 Letter Quality 8869.00

TOSHIBA

.88!S9,00

1340..
13Q1

8 t.'fsg.oo

W.'tHFOCOM (64)

ZorK 1, 11. Ill , $27.99

I>eadlln(! Sk9 .99

Witness $29.99

PHOKEESIONAI, SOFTVMRE |64|
Wont I'.Tj 1)4 ;jl-:- S;'-;! SWI !)!'

Trivia ?Bvor ssg.nn

PROGRAM INTERNATIONAL

Sujwi-buii! H4 549 39

SPINNAKER {641

Snoopnr Troops 1 or 2 889.99

Delta Drawing SH9.ao

Kids on Ke.ys...., 829.99

SCREENPLAY (64)
Wylrf* ^ .832.99

Kal" WmAi^/jW^iifi^'i^

PDgO Jou , J/U""/.!.'.':'.-:..%WC)m

Saa LOGIC (64)
Flight Siinulator II ........;.;, ,..8,40.99.

SYNAPSE (64)
=axxon > .', tgi}.89

ProtedUir II 823.99

Blue Max 824.99

Canada

Ontario/Quebec 800-268-3974
Other PrguJncHaBOO-SBB-4559

In Toronto call (416) 828 0866

Telex: 062 18960

S506 Dun win Drive, Unit 3B, DepC.ltS

" ■■■' Mlaalaaauga, Ontiu-lo, Caimda. I.SLITI '" "='->'™'^t,, uBps.iia, wuiianispoi't, PA 17701

^'r/^'f-t'.^" '^"^'^^ on CO D. orders and no waitinff perjoa for oortlfleo oJieoks or monay orders. Add 3% (inimraum «S) shlpplnj! and
imndlmgon M ordat«. Wflor ehipmants may raqulro additional charge. HV apd PA reaidonw add sali«,.t«.. AH UTO??MbJ«(»ftS

east
800-233-8950

In PA can (717)327-9575

Order Status Numher: 327 9576

Customer Service Number: aii7-1450

1 77 E . 3rd at , , Dept.1 IS, Wmianispoi't , PA 17701

Software Discounters /
of America I

For Orders Only 1-800-225-SOFT*
Inquiries and PA 41 2-361 -5291

• Free shipping on orders over 5100 In contlnenlal USA

• No surcharge for VISA/MASTERCARD

S.D. of A.

Open Saturday

Commodore 64 Software

ACCESS

Beach Hp.idfT or D) i21
Beach Koatl II . . , .call
Raid Over Moscow

(T 01 D) 125

Scrolls nIAbadon ID) IJ3
ACTIVISION

DecatnalonlD) S2S

GhoslbuilarifO) . t25

Pitlallll(DI $25

River RaitUD) J25

Space Shul lie ID) . .S2S

ARTWOHX

atidgei OiT or □) . Jie

MonheymathfTorDI Wl

Slrif)Pokur(D) 521

BATTERIES I^CLUOED
BuscariJII . I13J

Checkbooli ID) . S2I
BO Column Card . SUS
ElecJfonic Address

BoolitDl S21

Homelnvarttory jO) . .$21

MallLisMD) K1

Paperclio (01 iM

Paperclip w/ Spellpak|79
Recipes (Di S21

Seoiipak (Di S33

Slamps[D|. ,521

TneConsulianMO) . .ISf
BOOKS

Book ol Adv Games 118
Book of Commodore

SolUareBS S13

Commodore 64 User's

Encyclopedia . . . .%^Z
Commodore 64 Color

Grapriics 512

Games Commodores

Play $12

Kids and the Ce4 tIB
Shorlcul Througn

AdvenlLjrolanri I. . .$9
sriortcul Ttirougn
Adv&riturelano LI
(Infccoml . . - . S9
BROOERBUND

Bank SI. Writer »33

Castles Dr. Creep(D) HI
Championship

LoderurtnerlDi %ti
DrollO) 133

KaralekatOf $21

Ma$kDltneSun $2S

MusrcStiop S33

Oparatloh Whirlwind

(D) 125

Raid on Bungeling

BaylDl $21

Serpent's stariDI tiS
SpelunkeriD) $21

Whisllor'sBroiner(DtS18
CBS

Asiro Grower (Dl Hi

Bi^ Bird Funhouse

iRl . $25

Big Bird Spc Oetlvery

iRl S19

Dinosaur OiO(D) , S33
Duck's Ahoyi(R), . . $16
Ernie's Magic Shapes

iR) $ig

Match Wits IDI $19

MathMitoage(Di $19

Mastering SAT (O) $89

Muidiil l)y Do/en [D) $23

CONTINENTAL
PCM(D:i ..S33

Gel Rich Series . . . .call
Home Accountant ,,$47
Hcrma Calaloger ID} . $33
DATASOFT

Bruce Lce iTiO) $23

Corian I he Barbarian

(TorDl .... .$2S

Dallas QuesHD) 523

Leirer Wijjard wi

SpelieilD) , ,$47

Mr Do (TorDl $25

Pi)ayan(Tof Dl $19

EPVX

Gateway Apshai(R) $25
Impossible Mission

(D),,,, $23

Oil Barons iO) $39

Pilstrsp II (Dl $25

Rooolsol DawniDl $2S
Summer GameslDl, .$25
Temple of Apsnat

(TorO) S25

World s Graalesi

BasePalliDj SZ3

FISHER PRICE
Alpha Build iR) $19

Dance Fantasy (R| $19
Hop Along Counllng

(R) $19

Linking Logic (Rl .$19
Memory Manor |Rf .$19
Nurthbet Tumbler (R| $19
SeaSpetleriRi , . .S19
UpA Add'Em ... .S19
FUTUREHOUSE
CPA(Ol S47

Ligtil PeniT or Dl 119

Peripheral Visiori (01 $23
MBJ

Computer SAT 101 , , ,$S9
HES

Graphics Basic (01 , .$23
HES Modem I S44

HESMon64lR| ...J25
HESGames84lDl $23
MillionairetDl S25

Multiplan(Dl $58

SpaceStalioniDi , $25
INFO COM

Enchanter (Dl $23

Hini Books $6

Hitchhiker's Guide to
IheGalaiylD) $23

Inlidel(O) $23

PianelfalHD) . ... .$23

SeaSlalker(D) $23

Sorcerer (Dl I2G

WilnesslOl $23

KOALA

Touch Tablol wj'

Painlor(D) , S85
Touch Tabiel wi'

Painler(Rl ST5

Muppel Learning

Keys $49

LEARNING CO.
Adrfition Magician

(D) , . S23

Moptown HoldlDI S25
Hocky's Boots iD) $33
MICROLAB

8oulderDash(Di $21
DealtiCaribtieaniD) $23
DihoEflBii(D| SJ3

$21

Heist iD) ...
MICROPROSE
F-t5(Tor D) , , , $23

Hellcat Ace (Dl $13

Solo Fllghl (TorDl $23
Splifira AcelOl t19

MUSE
Castle Wollenstsin

iDi tie

ORIOIM

Uilimalll(D( J39

PRECISION SOFTWARE
Suporbase 64 (Dt S65
PROFESSIONAL
SOFTWARE

TrivaF(iuQr(D) .125

Word Pro34(Spoll

Right (01 157

RESTON

Miner 2049er(Ri $25

Movie Maker (Rt $33

SCARBOROUGH
t^asIorlype[Dor R) .$25
NelWi)rlh(01, . .$49
SpngwriteriDi S2S

SIERRA ON LINE
Grog's Revenge (Dl $23
HomewordlDl $43

Mickey's Space

Adveniure(D| , $Z£
Story Maker (D| , , $23
UitimaiKOl . $39

Ulysses (D| . $23

Winnie the Pooh iDh $25
Wizard & Princess (D) 119
Wi!,Typo(Dl . S23

SPINNAKER
Advontura Creator (R|S21
Aegean VoyageiR) $21
Aero&ics(D| $25

Alphabet Zoo (R| $21
Bubble Burst (R| J21
Dollo Drawing (Ri lai
Facamaker(Rl S21

Fraclion Fever (Ri $!1
Grandma's House (Dl $21
HeyOiddlelDl $19

Jukebox (R) ,S21

Kidson Keys(Rl ,t21
Kidwrilar(R) 121

Kindercomp(H| J21

Mo«t Amaiing Thing

(Dl 123

Ranch |R) $21

Snooper Troops 1 (01 $23
Snooper Troops 2 (Dl $23
Story Machine(Rl $21

TrainslDI $23

SSI

BalliceSfD) $25

Batlle Normandy (Dl $25
Btoadsldas(Di !25

Carrier ForceiOl ,139
Combal Leader (Dl S25
Computer Baseball

(Dl >25

CompuierOB(D| $25
Cosmic Balance (Oi $25
Epidemic (Dl , . $23
Field of Fire (Dl $25

50 Mission Crust! (Ol $25
Fortress (Dl $23

Geopnlihque I999<D1$25
Germany 1985 IDI $39
Knighlstn Desert (Dl $2S
Prii lour Golf (Dl $25

t3ue5lron(Oj S2S

RDF 1985(01 $2S

Rails West (D| $25

Ringside Seat(D) , , .$25
Tigers In Snow (Dl 125
SUBLOQIC
Fllghl SimulllIXtl

(Dl S35

Night Mission

Pinball (TorDl, , ,'$21
SYNAPSE

Blue Mas (TorD). , $21
Fi Apocalypse

(TorDl . . $21

Necromancer (Tor Dl$21
Pharoah's Curse

(TorDl S21

Sentinel (Tor 01, $21
Za»ion(Tor01 $25

ZeppetiniT 01 Dl S21
TIMEWORKS
Cave Word Wizard (Dl$23
Data Manager {Tor Dill 7
Data Manager 2(01 $33
Eleci. Checkbook

(Tor 01 . - $17

Evelyn Wood Reader

(Dl. 147

Money Manager (Df $17
Programming Kil 1, 2

cf3(TorDl $17

Robbers LosI Tomb

(TorDl S17

Spellbound (T or Dl , $17
Word Writer (01 . $33
TRILLIUM

Amazon (Dl , $23

DragonworidiDI . 123
Fahrenheit 451 (Dl $23
Rendezvous wilh

Rama(DI $23

ShadowkeeptDl , . $23
TRONIX

ChalterBoefDl . . $25
PokersamiDi ... .$19
S.A.M.(Ol ... $39

WAVEFORM
Musicaic 1 (01 . . S35
MusicalcZor3(0) S23
Colortonn Keyboard .S59

WINDHAM CLASSICS

Below Tne Boot iDi $19
Gulliver's TravalstDl $19
Swiss Family Robinson

(Dl 119

Wizard o(Ol(DI $19

ACCESSORIES
BASFSS.OD $16 Bi

Carflco Access call

Commodore Dust Co

vers(AIIModets| . $6
CompuServe Slarl^r Kll

(Shrsi 125

Disk Case

(hoidsSOi $12

Disk Case

(holds 100) $19

Disk Drive Cleaner . $9
Indus Disk Drive. Call
Sakala 13- Color

Monitor 12 29

Sakala 12' Green $B9
WicoBoss 112

Wi CO Bat Handle $19
WicnTrnckhail $29

P.O. BOX 278— DEPT CG— WILDWOOD, PA 15091

■Ordering »nd T«rm»t Orders with cashier check or money order shipper! immediately PersonalJcompany
checks allow 3 weeks c earance No COO '5 Shlpplnj): Conllnanlll U.S.A.— Orders under $100 add tj.
Ire* shipping on (Hdari py»r$1CI0. PA residents add 6% sales tai. AK, HI, FPOAPO — add $5 on all orders
Internallonal— add $15 or 15% ol order whichever is gteatosi Doleclivo rnorcnandise will be replaced with
same mercttandise— NO CREDITS' Relurn musi have aulhorization number (4121361-5291 Prices subjecl
to change withoul notice Otdar trxJiy. gd II lomotronir! Oytrnlghl delivery la {ual $17,50 — sotliiiBr* wdari
only In Conllnvr^lat USA.

COMPUTEREYES

VIE n O (MAGfS ON VOUfl COMMODORE'

' "'■ "■ i ■ ■■ -pf nvur w-iy tii f .*nr i ire irn-wiy yi rn»q«, (sn j^x* Con

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[*viLr p>S icjn(ifi:tl t«Wr»*fl ,fy «jril*S irfdM »tnf |**iTO t«»

«iiiMjN i^^^idiwari .^j*: jtofwi

t*K liiWjr rwlutln o-itirTf ^f WfUTi iir
roiFiiHrtri'rtii^,fi>ijy itflwnHp *j.ip'

tj-^fWf 1 mJWuM'l ^nfl ctrt» yr^F

ttUr I'om ycM •i'jivi v aini tnf-

Also ^g.^iwap hh J cDmia«f |k*k

imurMiO

MhH ■ifUiJP.ritii JKIO $% Viit% [.Hi

f^tH^-a UA^.^

Scffffldurrun Lrf *TUH

■■■IIIIlDrGITPL \7I^IOnilllllll

DIGITAL VISION. INC.

14 Oak Street — Suite 2

Needham, MA 02192

(617) 444-9040

AA COMPUTER EXCHANGE

■SOUTH-SLARGEST COMMODORE 64 DEALER'

OVER 2000 ITEMS IN STOCK

COMPLETE REPAIR SERVICE FOR
COMMODORE 64 AND C-64 PERIPHERALS

ORDER LINE: 1-800-447-0088

INQUIRIES & FL: 904-388-0018

REQUEST OUR FULL CATALOG TODAY

HERE ARE A FEW OF OUR MAIL ORDER PRICES

HAROMURE t, ACC,

P;u£,ii

C-64 ComputBr
tMt Disk Drive
1702 Color MenitOf
MSD Dual Drive
HES Modem I
HES Ajlo Modem II
V'MtosIiidgo Auldj MorJem
C-W fWor Supply
RS-232 intpitace
Par Pririrof Intrcn

*CC£SS SOFTV«HE
Beach H#ad
Raid O^r Moscow .
Ii^asrer Composer

COMPUSERVE

SrancrKJ(5hrl ....
E)cecul.VDKit12r>rl .

v:t;:e«

EPVXSOFTW»BE

Summer GfliTi*5
Wotid'is Grt Baseball
RotMMs of Dawn

KOALA

Koaia Pad
Sptdef Eater

ProQiammers Tsoi Kil .

?99

t9!l

?39

239

651

•19

«9

78

29

30

30

24
24
2»

23
52
?B

24
24
24

59

19
24

PRECISION SOFTV*H£

Superpase 50

BATTERIES INC

Papet Clip vnrspiiiipacls 82
The Consultant ... 68

Heme Org^nuer Ser (eal . 20

PRACnCORP

U-DoOot 20

Pfaoiea'icM . , , 37

Prncllfibe . ,37

PS Spreadshoel 54

PROFESSIONAL
SOFT¥«RE

Wortfpro3* »/Speller S4

MIRAGE CONCEPTS

Data Base Manager . 61

WR Pnsf. Warsion . . 61

W.P Pers VefSiOfl . 2B

SKYLE5 ELECTRIC
1541 Flash" &41< OrirtJ
Speed Up K.t 69

SUBLOGIC

FligrnSimulator II 37

MISC.

Doodle 2B

Smart 64 Twm 29

Telstar64TermlCBnl

2726 PARK ST., JACKSONVILLE, FL 32205

Orders with cflshiocs choc\, rnafisy orcJef and ViSA'WC snippsd
promptly • For persort&ifcompany chocks aikJiN 3 WMtaKf cJearsr%ce
• NoCODs • Fcr VISWVC add 3^i* ■ ShippfrtgchiiOBS wira. WOO

mrnrrr^Lirr * PrH»j fTily ci^Hi» .n AA VCKPS ■ Ftof»a* ttWMnt} WW S=4i

\FAST DELIVERY

Call Us For

Fast Service, ExperienceJ

and Affordable Prices

Software

HOLIDAY SPECIAL

SUBLOGIC
Flight Simulator

S34 95

MrCROPROSE

Solo Flight

^24.95

F-15 EAGLE

*29.95

WORD PROCESSING

Pipsr Clip wrth Sp4ll(r '89

£uiy Sc;ipT *45

Ward Pro 64 & Spnilnr 'SB

tl Spsll '17

PROGRAMMING SERIES

Logo '52

Simon Basic '34

Screen Editor ^19

Nvvnda Fonrnn , *39

Nfivada Cobol '39

ACCOUNTtlSIG

Homfl Accountant '46

la% Advantago .,., 'AS

General Ledger 'ag

A/H, A/P. Payroll '35

Tha Manager '35

DATA BASES

Code Writer '64

Miragp Daijibjise Mfjr , *79

Supar Basd 64 »67

The Consultant

□•JphI Or>cl« ^65.00

SPREAD SHEET

Multlplan '63

Practicalc '38

Hardware

1 541 $Gall

Special of the Month

MSD DISK DRIVE

SDl Disk Drive ^335
SD2 Disl<; Drive *545

ELEPHANT DISK

SS/SD '16 60 SS/OD '19 BO

Verbatim. Oatalife '19,95

Maxflll '19.95

HOUDAY SPECIAL
1650 AUTO MODEM

«87

1520 Color Plotter '109

MPS 301 Printer '205

1530 DatosetlB '64

1526 Printer '265

Magic Voice Speech '49.95

1011 RS 232 Interface '49

1702 Monitor
jl SCALL

llZENITH MONITORS

122 Amber .., '84

-T 123 Green '84

COMPUTER COVERS

Reg. '15»

$6.99

CM064 S6 99

VIC 20 »6 99

Dish Drive se.99

Fspon MX SO,.. 57.99
Espon hflX 80 F-T S7 99
Oilidatl 92 ST 99

Ordering & Payment Policy
Prices reflect a cash discount Foi C 0,D , Visa, and Master-
card add 3% Imrnediatedeliverywithceniheri check or wired
funds, HJ. resident add 6% Prices subject lo change.

Shipping
For shipping and handling add 3%, (S3 minimum)
Larger shipments require additional charge

Printers

Number one selling dot matrix printer, Gemini lOX, priats 120
cps bi-directionally, with logic-seelting printerhead control.
There's both friction and tractor paper feed. Prints high
resolution graphics. POWERTYPE $325.00

RADIX 10 $52a.95 DELTA 10 «359.00

RADIX 15 $62«.00 DELTA 15 5095.00

EPSON RX80

$209

RX80FT S279

The most compatible dot matrix printer, prints 100 cps, bi-
directionally. Call for RX-100, FX-80 and FX-lOO prices.

OKIMTH 92

<374

5^^,

The most advanced dot matrix printer, prints lOOcps, bi-
directionally. Correspondence quality at 40 cps.
OKIDATA 93 .... $599.00 OKIDATA 84 .... $099.00

PRINTER ItyjERFACES

Microg raf ix MW3 50 '74

Tymac Connection '79

CardcD t G Interface '66

Cardco B Interface '39

Grapplor CD '102

SURGE PROTECTORS

1 OuttSt '14

4 Oulist -38

6 Outiat '69

6 Outlet K

Ndpao Fittar '88

Special Wter With Ptifltei Purchase!

STARTER PAK

For Gemini or Oktdata
300 Sheets & Ribbon

FDR EPSON. no.95

Limit One Per Customer

FOR INFORMATION CALL [609] 596-1944

P.O. Box 3354
Cherry Hill, N.J. 08034

co''^

□is.*^* " SQQ95

^t^.■^

^39^

SvppCrfU In 2 1441
C'fiV lOuSB-rfipnu

V.

li^

DATA lAU
wllh Mpart WriUi and Mill UbtH

1541 Physical
^i}; Exam

V" $39.95

t

* Speed diih cliimpln'j

■ Rld'^l hrJO iltgnmim

■ IriclydCi rvTw quid dr<Tt flop

HOME

FINANCi MANAGER 49.95

i'«"»% *-hW -^JAI''.

Other programs available:

• Grade Organizer

• Chessmate 64

• Screendump

• Disk Organizer

• Menu Driven Disk
Operating System

• CP/M Term

• CP/M Utilities

Q.tfi. A*-)*** t)'>t it vitf rnmr >•.,' ,i<, < ..i '.

^.•r „^ ,^- lL*i;1'*- «C'H " ■

'irr* Bdii«'i4 ruyr**!

??>

./

Tax Am)

FOR COMMODORE 64 and VIC 20

TAX AID

TAX AID

usTAXAID

TO PREPARE YOUR

INCOME TAX RETURN

■ Developed by an experienced accounting firm, TaxAid is ac-
curate, easy to use, and comes with a detailed manual. Your
tax data is permanently stored on tape or disk. The cost is tax
deductible and low cost yearly updates are available. ■ TaxAid
is menu driven with advanced editing features and will prepare
any IRS form 1040. Calculations are automatic and all tax
tables including income averaging are built in. Results can be
directed to the monitor or the printer.

Call or write for complete brochure

m CROWN CUSTOM COVERS ^
Protect Expensive Equipment from
Dust/Liquids with a CROWH COVER

■^ CUSTOM MADE TO FIT

•k Heavy 32-or. VINYL ANTI-STATIC

•k EXTENDS EQUIPMENT LIFE

y^ CKoics of Colors Lt. Tart or Brown

COMPUTERS:

C-fi4/VIC20 7.00

KEYBOARD COVERS FOR ATARI;

APPLE lie; IBM; KAYPRO; TI9f....8.00

DATASETTE (OLD) S.OO

DATASETTE (NEW, C2N) S.OO

DISK DRIVES:

C-1S41 8.00

MSt> S/D; APPLE S/0 8,00

MSB D/D; APPLE D/D UNIT ...10.00

PRINTERS {DOT MATRIX):

C-1SI3; MPSSOl 10.00

C-15I6; 8MCBX80; BMCBXBDF/T 13.00

GEMINI 10/1 OX; bELTA to 13.00

GEMINI IS/ISX; DELTA IS 14.00

EPSON MXSO; RXBO; RXBOF/T ....13.00

EPSON FXaO; FX80F/T 13.00

EPSON MXlOO; FXlOO 16.00

PANASONIC KX-P1090; CARDCO 13.00

MONITORS:

C-1702 COLOR Tt.OO

BMC COLOR li.OO

SANYO CRT 36 (GREEN) 14.00

AMDEK COLOR I 16.00

VIDEO RECORDERS:

FOR MOST RECORDERS _ 13.00

(CUT-OUT FOR CLOCK)

Order by statir>g NAME aid MODEL
arKi COLOR CHOICE TAN or BROWN. En-
close check or M.O. + 1.50 Ship & Htflg.
California Res. IrrcEudc 6.5*°/fl 5oEc5 Tax.

SPECIAL COVERS WILL BE MADE TO
YOUR DIMENSIONED SKETCH. SEND
YOUR REQUIREMENTS FOR OUR LOW
PRICE QUOTES.

fiff CROWN CUSTOM COVERS tSff

9606 SHELLYFIELD ROAD
DOWNEY, CA 90240

TaxAid n

FOR VIC 20 WITH 16K

TaxAid m

FOR COMMODORE 64

Disk or Cassette: $29.95 + 1.50 shipping

TaxAid Software, inc.

606 N. Second Avenue

Two Harbors, MN 55616

(218)834-5012 or 834-3600

VISA-

TAXAID

TAXAID

TAX AID

TAXAID IS A TRADEMARK OF TAXAID SOFTV\/ARE, INC.
1B2 COMPUrei's Gazette January

COnPUTER rSHIRTSl

.-g»

FOR CHRISTMAS

t W U LTIK ATE Somvare"

Co-mmand rnjtant aHenTioni

AMU&Tfor all ccmpuE^r (overs'

BRIGHT GREEN (LCD) LETTERS

tUSIOWSILKSCHEEKEDONLO(50aL£ND

HIGH TECH DESIGN' -
Trtm plifliMt ttytn 10 CWOM lioni
Order Today? Only $8 95 ppd
STip>y u^oci Shirtt ^Td Cctorii btkMi

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tfrS SJf «.«(«• ™«EI'l);WBimi Pin* « Blu. Hi
TtuE A e^ft OUT Of V£ 1*Ji [G'**.i 14 Gny *i Rki af i

I U USf fl f»i£HDl rt92t L _ _ - - -^^J •' .. - J

t^APPtfiE^^ rs A Pl^OOfUiU THAT WOfiKSi^t

CDVPUTERSI^l SIIES S-H-L-IL

Cl/r

:f'^"9 Ctwwt Stzt f Sftom Cac* Sr.-

COMPUTER NOVELTY CORP «VKrai ^

P O BOX 19tt " f^|W

FREEPORT, TEXAS ?7M1

MAUE_

CUV _

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Li^co Computer Marketing & Consultants

TO ORDER ojoLLFREE 800-233-8760

CALLUS

SUB LOGIC-64

riigni Simulalor II S3! 7b

Night Missicn Pinbail S22^5

EASTERN HOUSE-64

RaOtiil Rom *34.75

TelSlai 64 S39 95

rtssomblfir Rom . . ., ..$19,95

KOALA-64

Ko;!l;i f'.nl . . . S69,95

Geomcliie Despgn . SEZ 50

MITEY MO

69.95

PROFESSIONAL

Worcf Pro e-l'SDCIl S6? 50

PERSONAL
PERIPHERALS-64

Super Skclcn Graphics S:i9 95

Joysiirk 17 76

Batteries Included

PaperCllp.. S59.95

SpcilPak S34.9S

Consultant , , . . £64.dS

Paper CIrp wiih

Spoil PaK 879.95

Home Pak S34.95

BUS CARD St3995

80 Column Board $139.9S

DISKETTES

SKC

SKCSSSD S14 75

SKC-SSDO SI 7.75

SKC-OSOO ijl 75

ELEPHANT

SV.'SSSD SI 5,99

SYNAPSE-e4

Blue Mfi» S22 ('5

Shamus S22 75

Shamus II S22 /5

Zeppelm i2?.7b

Zo««nn S22TS

CONTINENTAL-64

Home Accour>lflnt S44.75

Tax AcJvfvnIagi) . . S35 75

C'64 Users Er^cyclopmJra. SI 2.50

MICROPROSE-64

SoloFlrflhl 128,75

NATO S2? 75

Splllire S199S

/■ISSlflke S22.76

'Air Rescue W2.75

STRATEGIC SIMULATIONS

Baseball S22.75

Germany 1 964 ■ - $32.75

50 MiJSiona , .....-.,.,.. S2 1 .75

Time works

(nvefitOfy $32.75

Sales S32.75

Accts.Rec $32.76

G Ledger S39 75

Oala Mgr SM.75

Checkbook 114.75

Star Battle S14 75

CauH f)IV/ord Sm 76

EPYX-64

Jumpmnn.
Jumpman Jr

Prtstop

Gateway to Apshai .
Temple of Apshai. .

S27,7S
. S27.7S
. S27.?S
. $27.75
. S27.7S

BR0DERBURD-B4

BankSI Writfrr 531.75

Spelimaker SI S.BS

Ma$k ol Sun , $24,96

Cho^lliflor S24.Q5

Lode Runner 522.95

CARDCO-64

QrJd Printer interface. .. S69.75
C/^B Printer interface . $39.75
tZKjy Ngmi?ric Keypad $34 75
UCn Cassotln Recorder $39 75
CB^5 5-StDt Expan&ion . $54 00
CWl Liflltt Pen $29 75

C£/l Cassette Interface. £29 75
C/03 Write Now . , $34.75

D/01 Wail Lml $26 75

D/04 Spell Now . ... S26 76

SCARBOROUGH

Sonowrrter $24,75

PW Bflla F $J4.7S

MaSIOrlype $24 75

Net Wonh $24.75

HESWARE-64

Microsoft $51.95

Type $15.96

TurlleG $28,95

Has Card , $26,95

Maie IHflSter $1 4,75

Grid Runner ., $14.75

Omni Writer .,,,.- $39.95

Turtle Toyiand Jr $2195

Time A Money Mgr . $39 95

Palm Brush $12.95

Hes Games $24 95

The Factory $21.95

Minn Fats Pool $ 1 9,95

INFOCOM-64

Enchanter $32.76

InlidBI $32.75

Ptanelfalt $32.75

Wilnsis , $33.75

Sorcerer £32 75

SPINNAKER-64

Alphabet Zoo S1B75

Kindercomp $23.75

Ktoa On Keys $18 76

Pacemaker $23.75

Delta Drawing .,,,$26 75

Frrtr^tion Fevef $23,75

.Cocmic Lite $23 75

UpFo-Gr.il,, sjg^s

ISAVE ^^ PRINTERSI

SSDD
DSDD

$17 99
$22 99

MONITORS

NEC

JB 1260 Green
JB 1201 Green
JB 1305 Amber
JC 1215 Color
JC 1216 RGB
JC 460 Color

5AKATA

SC-lOOColor , .
STSl Till Stand
I SG 1000 Green
SA 1000 Amber

I AMDEK

300 Green

300 Amber
310 Amber-IBM

Color t Plus .
Color 4TIBM .

$ 99tX)
$145 00
$145 00
S2S5 00
$399 DO
$349 00

$229 00
$ 3500
$ 99 00
$109 00

$139 00
$149 00
$159.00
$259.00
, $689 00

TAXAN

210 Color RGB . $253 00

100 Green $M5.t»

105 Amber $12S.0<I

400 Color RGB
4 10 Color RGB
420 Color RGB-IBM

121 Green-IBM

122 Amser-IBM

ZENITH

ZVM122A Amber
ZVM123G Green
ZVM1 24 Amber-IBM
ZVM131 Color
ZVM133RGB
2VM135 Composiln
ZVMiaB HI RES Color

GORILLA

12" Green
12" Amber

$295 00
$349 00
$459 00
$145 00
$149 00

S 95 00
$85 00
$129 00
$275 00
$389 00
$449 00
$589 00

$82 00
$89 00

STAR

MICRONICS

Gemini 1 Ox , $239

Gemini ISx $355

Dellt 10 (339

Detli 15 , $449

Radii 10 (4SS

Radu 15 $589

Poworlype , $319

Sweet p 100 $CALL

STX80 $CALI.

PRINTER
INTERFACING

Available

JUKI

Juki 6100 $389

Tractor kit $119

CAROCO

LO' .$449 00

LOS £339 00

PRINTER INTERFACE. . $39 75
PRINTER INTERFACE W/
FULL GRAPHICS $65 75

MANNESMANN ^^

TALLY GEMINI 10X

SPlfilTSO $269,00

MTL-160L . $$49.00

MTL-)80L $748.00

$239

Citoh

Epson

RX8O $239

HX80FT $270

RXlOO $379

FX80 $389

''XIOO $559

JX80 $52B

LO1500P i^|i,de. Kit' tl069
LO1S00S $1 149

Prowllor 6510A $309

aSlOBCa $429

6510BP1 $348

8510SP $449

9510SH £499

8510SCP £519

8510SCR $569

1550P $490

15501CD £5B9

A10>20P £489

FIMOPUor ROU £899

F1055PU0f ROU $1199

PANASONIC

1090 $229

1091 $289

1082 $439

1093 $CALL

BLUE CHIPS

M12OIO $27900

M12010C-B4 $27000 I

D4015 $139900 I

OKI DATA

so $158

82A $299

83A $540

84 $669

92 $369

03 $570

LEGEND

seO . $258.00

1000 £27900

1200 CALL

1S00 CALL

1081 CALL

Lyco Computer

Marketing & Consultants

Risk Free •

CUSTOMER SERVICE
1-717-327-1825
POLICY

TO ORDER

CALL TOLL FREE

800-233-8760

In PA 1 717-327-1B24

Of Sena ordef 10
Lyco Compuler
P O Bo( 508B
JBrsey Shore PA 1 7740

iherrr " " ^-^^ ~"«~<'-3>.crde,s*

All producu subject lo ■vallabllity and price chsnee. I

APO, FPO and inlernat.onal orders add $5 00 plus 3% tor priority mail I

service PA residents atfd sales ta« Advert.iea prices show .1'*= (iisi-ount f

lor cash. 40r. (or Mauler Card or Visn

THE AMAZING VOICE MASTER

• Record & playback speech In your own voice
■ Recognize your spoken commands

• Hum or sing to compose or play music tn real time —
notes and chords!

^89.95

Add S4.D0 for
shipping & handling

All this and
more for only:

You won't bet leva II until you hear tit

ASK YOUR DEALER NOW FOR A
VOICE MASTER DEiWONSTRATION

Or call (503) 342-1271 (or a telephone demonstration and receives
FHEE audio cassette demo tape.

Note: Early Voice Masters have trade in value! Call lor details.

cxyvox INC

675-D Conger St., Eugene. OR 97402
Telex 706017 (AV ALARM UD)

s4^^'^

A DISK AND MEMORY EDITOR

Peek A Byte is more than a disk edilor • itieatures a C-64 raeraarv display

in HEX, ASCII, or scrBcn code and a full page editpr with cursor cgnliol.

YOUCANPEEK ABYTE...

Cliaiige tile or disk tiaines, rccovsi "tost" programs, comtiare disk ilala.dis

play Ireeseclot map, convert HEX/tJpciiiiol, read disk drive memorv.disas-

seiiitjie disk or memury dala, jitint most screen displays. . . and mucli more!

ITS EASY TO USE!

All commands are simple, flasy to remember keystrokes and HELP screens

are always available. Complete error handling for key entries and disk

fsad/wriie errors. Tutorial manual for beginners and pros)

PEEK A BYTE IS FAST ML CODE

Above BASIC and compatible with many BASIC programs, ML routines,

and the DOS Wedge S.l . Doesn't "lock up" the computer.

QUANTUM SOFTWARE am. for COQ QS

P.O. Box 12716, Dm. 4 ^^5».3»i»

Lake Park. Florid;, 33403 "^^ ''°^'' '''"°

PEEK A BVTEisalratlsiiiaikot Quaiiiiini Soliwait.

T„ I*. I _1,.^_L _. J_. H^ I t. H -J J fjt („. -b „ ,-.J

liimliing, Fiondt residents add 5=i. Mies lai. For US COD ofdHS add S2. Phone
Olden call (305) B40-D349.

FREE! CONVERSION TABLES for converting between HEX,
decimal, high decimal, binary, characters, and BASIC tokens. Send a self-
addressed, S. 20 stamped business envelope lor info.

184 COMPUTEfs GazBUe January

Now there's PASCAL
for the Commodore 64.
And at a mini price.

Kyan PASCAL Is a full-tealured implementation of PASCAL
- not a subset! Wilh these features;

n high-performance compiler and comprehensive set of

error messages for faster (Jebugging
DspeetJs up fo 40 f/mesfesfer than Commodore Basic
O built-in full screen editor
D support for tiles, pointers, record types, sets and ordinal

types used in soptitsticated data structures
n plus, a compreliensive tutorial manual illustrating the

speed and power of PASCAL through sample programs,

Kyan PASCAL lels you develop programs on your
Commodore 64 that are transportable to most mainframes
So its perfect for students and working at home.

T>y/f for IS days.

Order Kyan PASCAL, and if you re not completely satisfied,
return the diskette and manual within 15 days for a full refund.

Kyan PASCAL with complete tutorial manual S49.9S

(Add $4.50 per copy for postage and handling. $9.50 out-
side North America. Calilornia residents add 6.5% sales tax,)

To order, call 415/775-2923.

(VISA and MasterCard accepted,)

Or send check or money order to: Kyan Software,

Suite 183, 1850 Union Street, San Francisco, CA 94123.

Sorry, no C O.D, orders accepted.

Ekyan

NEXUS: A Commodore coniputpr user's RrouiJ providing low-cost
distribution of Public Domain software.
Each memljer receives, upon joining, a directory diskette
containing- ListinKs of all programs offered

CURRENT CATEGORIES; Business, Graphics, Languages,
Education, Matti & Science, Sound, Telecommunications,
Utilities, Miscellaneous and, of course Games.

• TPUG Members can access entire TPUC library.

• Associate members receive directory disk, quarterly updates
Ion disk], and access to our regular BBS for $25/yr,

• Full members receive same as Associates PLUS access to our
TOLL-FREE BBS, Fees vary according to when the Full
member wishes to access the 8BS. The periods of access are
NightAVeekend, Evening, and Day as defined by the
telephone company. In addition, EVE members get N/W
access, and DAY members get EVE & N/W access. Fees are
N/W - iSO/yf, DAY - t&S/yr.

• Members can earn BONUS points to be applied to the
purchase of software disks.

Addfesi: NEXUS

3547 Brookview Drive

Lexington, KY 40503
Phone; (606) 272-0276 (VOICE)

(606) 272-6340 (MODEM)
Payment by check, money order. Mastercard, VISA &
American Express.

All software disks are tailored to the desires of the member.
Compare what we offer with what other PD software
distributors offer. They sell everyone the same disk containing
the same software whether you want it or not.

commodore

SOITVKVREFORC-64

S 63.00

S 79.95

S 75.00

S 89.00

Business

MuHiplan {Spreadsheet)

Calc Result (Advanced)

Superbase 64

Mirage Concepts (Data Base)

Mirage Concepts (Word Processor)

(40/80 column & 30K Dictionary) .
B.I, Paperclip W/Spellpac (W/P) ...
Home Accountant (Continental) . .

Tjui Advantage (Continental)

Info Desrgns Gl

Southern Solutions Accounting G/L,

A'R, A'P, P/R, I'M ....each ....
Tri Micro Accounting C64 & Plus 4

G.1, A'R.A'PP/R, l.'M ..each ..

Sman54Temi +3

Hellcat Ace (game)

Solo Flight (game)

Utilities

Printer Utility Program (Cardco) . . .

Disl< Utilrty Program [(^ast copy, File
copy, Disassembler, for 1541} . .

Bits artd Pieces (Backup & Utiity.
Screen Dump fi More for
MSD Dnve)

Simon's Basic

80 Column Expander- (Catlridge) . . .

64 Relay Cartridge ,

Oxford Pascal

Tool 64 (Handle)

Graf 64 (Handic)

Slat 64 (Handle)

Forth 64 (Handic)

ACCESSOWES

39.00
85.00
45.00
35.00
19.95

5 49.95

49.95
39.95
25.00
25.00

S 19,95
S 49.95

49.95
39.95
50.00
45.00
69.95
39.95
39.95
S 39.95
S 39.95

MSD Super Disk Dnve (single) ... S 349.00

MSD Super Disk Drive (dual) S 675.00

Hayes Smart 300 Modem $ 229.00

Vic 1530 Datasette S 65.00

Cardco Dalasette S 55.00

Cardco Numeric Key Pad S 39.95

Alien Vo'ce Box S 95.00

When Im 64 (Voice Box Sings) ... S 25.00

Voice Box Dictionary $ 25.00

B.I. 80 Column Display

1541/Flash

SockltToMe(For 8032) !''!,'!
6420 Westridge Madm

(Auto Answer/Auto Dial)

Teleammg [Auto Answer/Auto Dial)

Modem With software

CBM 4023 Ribbons

GBM 1526 Ribbons

CBM 8023P Ribbons

CBM 6400 Ribbons ............

LQ1 Ribbons

Diablo Daisy Wheel

Abati Daisy Wheel

Rip N' File 10, 15,25,50

Power Strips (Surge Protector) . . ,

Computer Glow Care Kit

Disk Drive Cleaning Kit

MONITORS

S 159.95

S 89.95

S 29.00

S 89.95

95.00

10.95

10.95

8.75

8.75

8.75

13.95

13.95

Call

49.95

10.95

10,95

Panasonic TRI 20 (Amber) For Apple

Of IBM Computers S 156.00

Green & Amber (For Apple & IBM) . S 85.00
RGB Monitor Cable:

ET-1 01 C [Apple) S 33.80

lCTEiU^ACE,S

BussCard II (Batteries Induricd)
IEEE. Cartridge Slot, Basic 4.0 ...

BussCard Printer Cable

SuperBox 64 (Handic) IEEE, Reset,
3-SM

Interpod (Intelligent IEEE
& RS-232)

Cardco i G Par^allel Interface

Cardco B Parallel Interface

The Connection (by Tymac)
(Commodore Graphics * 2K
Buffer) Epson. Gemini, Okidata,
F^nasonic

Tufbo.'GT (Telesys) With optional
16K or 32K Buffer

Vic Switch (Handic)

AOA1800 IEEE to Centronix

Pet to IEEE Cable

IEEE to IEEE Cable

Networking For C-64 & CBM

S 159.95
S 29.95

S 139.95

S 139.95
S 79.95
S 49.95

S 95.00

09.95

149.95

149.95

39.00

49.00

Call

LETTER Ql .UnY PRINTERS

Abati (20 CPS) W/lnterface

$ 475.00

UtnWUTRIXPRIlVTERS

Smith Corona Fastex 80 (SO CPS) S 259,00

Smitb Corona 100 (120 CPS) S 315.00

Smith Corona 200 (140 CPS) S 456.00

Smith Corona 300 (140 CPS. 15in) S 589.00

BTSI.W-SS SOFTW:«lE — BI28

Superscnpt II (40K Dictionary) .... S 199.00

Superbase (Data Base) S 199.00

Calc Result S 199.00

Complete Accounting System From

Software Design (Ql.AR. AR

PR. IM) each S 375.00

Bi'srNESS s(vnmRE — 8032/8096

WordPro 4+ or 5+ S 225.00

Calc Result S 199.95

SuperBase (8096 only) S 225.00

Complete Accounting System From
Software Design (G/L, M, A'P,

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Orders under 50.00 add 10.00 Handling fee
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COD (add 5 00)
Add y,a For Credit Cards

All Products In Stock Shipped W^ithin 24 Hours

FO.B. Dallas, Texas

All Products Shipped With Manufacturers

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TURBO 64

Turbo 64 will lum your 1541 into a super fast and efficient disk drive. Loads
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Auto Run Boot Maker will load and auto run your basic or machine language programs,

$19.95

$19.95

DMS-Errors 20,21.22.23.273 29
Format Single Tracks
Read Disk Errors
Vi Track Reader-read and select
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Vt Track Formatter- Form at a
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where the noxl proleclion
schernes are coming Iron.
Drive Mon-Disk Drive
assembler /disassemlsfer. For
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The Doc-Disk Doctor that reads

code under errors.

Sync Maker-Place a sync mark

on any track out to 41, Also

used tor prolection

Sync Reader-Check lor Sync

bits on any track out to 41.

Change Drive No.-Changes

drive number (7-3Q).

Disk Logger-finds starling track,

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Disk Match-Compare any iwo

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New Wedge-Easier to use DOS

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This book "BLOWS THE LOCKS OFF" protected DISKS, CARTRIDGES,
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The tape duplicator has never been beaten! This manual is an invaluable
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GEMINI BIT COPIER

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20,21.22,23,278.29

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BULLETIN BOARD

Set up and operate your own bulletin board with a single 1541
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14-ADD TO OTHER SYSTEMS

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$39.95

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Enclose CasTiiers Check, Money Order or Personal
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rc-64 /vic-20 RS-232^

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HAVE YOU GOT THE
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CONVERSE WITH
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AT LASH A FULL IMPLEMEMTATtOH o1 Efio origmai ELIZA pro -
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1 PiotecEed VersiOfii ...%2i

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2 Un-pfOtecled Commodore 64 fiASlC Source Version W5

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LOAD SOFTWARE 5 TIMES FASTER

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Loads individual files in SECONDS!

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• Copies almost all protected disks aulomatlcalty

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track/sector

• IS second disk lormat: copies file types SEQ,USR,PRG,REL

• Sector editor wllti drive monllor I disassembler, view and edit
sector headara

• Full DOS support including: lock, unlock, undelete, re-close
flies; view tiles In hex, decimal, ASCII, assembly and BASIC

• Parameter files tor taackup of tieavily protected disks

• DISK ANALYZER analyzes disk for: '^ tracking, extra sectors,
bad sectors {tracks 1-37} and n on -standard SYNC (analyzes
for newest protection sctiemes)

• Supports 1 or 2 1541 disk drives

« Drive head never "kicks" or "challars" when copying

• ABSOLUTELY no hardware modification required

• All ot this and so much more tor only $34.95 (disk)

NICK'S BASIC

Adds over 128 POWERFUL COMMANDS to
the C-64 BASIC language

"The ultimate BASIC extension" say our users!

Full support tor HI-RES graphics • Music • SUPER FAST DOS •
File Handling • Text Control • String Handling • Sprites •
Character Graphics • Program Editing • Game Commands • Ful-
ly Documented, complete with examples. See our ad In the
NOVEMBER COMPUTEI'S GAZETTE for a partial description or
write for details. All this for only $39.95 (disk); cartridge (inquire).

NICK'S TERMINAL 64

Supports Auto Answer/Auto Dial* Uploadmownload PRG, USR
andSEQ Files* 128 OBllnable Functions 'Alarm Clock 'Dump to
Printer • Supports all baud, parity and word lengths. $29.95 (disk).

NICK'S BASIC UTILITIES

RENUMBER • FindfRepiace • Delete • ML Relocator • File Merger

• Character Editor • (25 utilities) only SI 7.95 (disk).

OELtVEUT; Shipping «rvij riandllng add £3.00 per order. For fast delivery us«
casmer's ctieck or money order VISA and MASTERCARD add S2 00 For a
compiQie dflflcnptidn of these programs and for our otiier in house Com-
modom 64 programs send a stamped, self addressed envelope to:

Computer Division

Southern Oregon Video Enterprises, Inc.

P.O. Box 4«] • Ashland, Orvgon 97520 • (503)462-5054

C-W 15 tTrriol' CoTi n^ocJOf i* E i« f ►on-i c J, i T D , PipflfCiip n d Tm o' aa!r(Kie3 inc-jOed. Mirage
19 M. Tm dI M>r4Q* C0'nC»i)1i If^C Wgrtj Pt\3 3 Qliit it « TuTi oF Prolfsa'o'iKl Sori^arB. IriC

LEROY'S CHEATSHEET'

KEYBOARD OVERLAYS

FOR COMMODORE 64

CVIC-EO also available)

LEROY'S CHEATSHEETS™ are plastic lamtrated keyboard
overlays designed for use w/ith popular software and
hardware for Commodore's VIC -20 & C-64 computers.

These cut-lt-out yourself overlays are designed to fit over
the keyboard surrounding the keys wfth comiiiands and
controls grouped together for easy references.

LEROY'S CHEATSHEETS "

make life easier for you

a THE COWSULTANT [0«Iip1.i'« Omclt)
O MANAQER ICEiM)'
D SUPER BASE B4

WORD PROCESSOnS ^H

D

EASY script"

Q MES WRITER

D PAPER CLIP

0 QUICK BROWN FOX

D SCRIPT 64

» Q SPEEDSCRIPT (liAZErtf)

o

WORDPRO 311

>LU3

D COMMODORE 1S2S;MP8-801

Q COMMODORE 1828'

D EPSOH RX-80

. D

QEMINI 10X

1

0 TERM e<

i: D THE SMART 84 Torniln«l

* a

VIDTEX

1

LANOUAGIS

1

» UTILITIES

D E

ASIC

n HESMON 84

□ LOGO (i:HM.,.rioi.i 1) 1

G LOQO ICKM.fiMtHtl i'y

D PILOT (OBU)'

* NEW

CALC RESULT (ADVANCED]
CALC RESULT (EASY)
EASY CALC

MULTIW>N IHES/MICWO&aFt)
PRACTICALC 84/PLU3

MISCELLANEOUS

BLANKS (3 0JN0T lamina tM)
FOR THE BEOINNER
SPRITES ONLY
FLIGHT SIMULATOR II
DOODLE

/

Qty. ^X $3.95 $_

Shipping & handling $
6% sales tax S _

(F*A ftisidonls only)

1.00

Dealer inquiries wolcnnie

TOTAL $

CHEATSHEET PRODUCTS'"

P.O. Box 8299 Pittsburgh PA. 15218

1 I r"''^^

(412)731-9806

local dealer I

J

COMPUTEI'S Gazette January

SAVE FREE

MAGAZINE

PROGRAMS

THE EASY WAY.

• Foot controlled line
advancing keeps your hands
on the keyboard

• No magnets

• The only toot controlled
copy holder for I^AGAZINES

• Sturdy Construction

• Shop & Compare »39'"

•Batteries Not Included
HONTOO PRODUCTS, INC.

H.O. Boji <130 Three Rivers, Ml ■1S)0y;i

Lessons &theon/ for all guitarists
and soon -to- be guitarists

On disk for the Commodore 64

329,95

(206) 883-9257

VISA ond MC Accepted
Of send ctieck or money order to;

10636 Main Si., Suite AW. Bollovue, WA 98004
Dealer inquuies welcome

TEN - FORTY

R. DILLON SOFTWARE

Not to be confused with other pro-
grams. TEN -FORTY is a complete
easy to use tax program with over
12 features including:

• On screen lacsimilias ol lorrrs and
schedules

• Scrolling using lunclion keys

• Built-in tat tables .,. does what if
calculatians

• Entire return is refigured tor each change

• Prints reports

• Annual update available

• Schedules A. a. C.D,£,G.W, Plus..

Let your Commodore 64 "■' do your
tax return and others for cash!!

J35 PDStnaid check or money order
R. DILLOIV SOFTWARE
B0XZ62,SIDMAN, PA 15955
(S14) 487-4031

PA rcsidrrnls odd 5% snlos tax

r^FREEDOM-^
ASSEMBLER

6SQ? asio 6acoj

(MTRCCljCimG A POWERFUL FA5t. CA^T TQ USt
SfUftOUC ASSeUltER fUlL fEATuftfD
PMQt^CmiaHALLT WItkT 1(H IM ASSr MBIT COBI
^U'flH FHltHDlV t4w'>C«f>lf ■ lO'tf'kfMl l#i«
lib* BAl^tC piti^tufnt, Uf cfon* cqda ( aa bi-

•^CCU'LEIF HANUilL- — 4l4t >*M|il* piEigiA>n

^ciisASsruaLcn

^EXC:tLL|:MT ERflOA DETECTtClN- ntii* 1tP*«

^PHIHT UTILITV wich alphfbEEicr croti

T»rcr€<ice I>&1.

*^5AV£ UTILITV- -(^vfi C«4e Ed it^lk 9i {»pr.

^kO« t:HlPi3*SEO--l».a-,sitn4j,nTyntflAli(
fcF jour pfO^rjmniino,

^WO SPECIAL tPiTOfl HCEDf C5 fniNTffr (3PI

C/iflTfllDGE PtUGS INTO EXTAHHiaN l>OHt

•^QUAIFTT CIPCIMT EKJAFlQ Mith g^l^ >li]1IiC:i«
^VIC'JO «f COHMODOJ^E (It 22^^ "^

Sf nO cti>tC^ O-f ni«nBif o-fd rf Lt a 0 a^ld t.3 00 u > v^\f

SSOoariippKtilll i*tlh niAi«. ii4d^*tii and VKr-K

HUGHES ASSOC tJLTtS

d#p1 01
4ir341 Mafr^Ony L jn*

MEMOREX

FLEXIBLE DISCS

WE WILL NOT BE UNDER-
SOLDtl Call Free (800)235-4137

for prices and infoimation. Dealer
inquiries invited and CO.D's
accepted.

PACinc

EXCHANGES

1(X) Kijothill Svd
San Luts Obispo, CA
9,1401 In Ol call
(800)5^^-5935 ot
8051,^43-1037

The
Librarian

Prelect and organize
your valuable maga-
iinos while buildmf)
a reterencc library
Binders are ricti
brown leather-like
vinyl and make an
attractive addition to your computer work
station Eacti hinder holds up 10 12 issues
and contains a special card and a clear
vinyl pocket on the binder spine allowing
you to write magazine name, volume and
year (or easy identification

S6 50 encti plus St SO poslnqc nrvt hnnttiinf]
(Ind residents .iddS'ssaiestamSBOOpostpairt

Matie check payahie 10

GDS Associates
P.O. Box 27433
Indianapolis, IN 46227

Please allow A-B wwks for shipmnot

TharEau
d'DrLEanE

The designees at FALCON GAMES hove worked !o
tJo wMaT offset sonwofe de^fgnefs conudorod
imtiQSSibto lo create o mvstcfy if^oT is riOT o mcro
ptOCOM of ohmmdlion, tui a mvsfery with tho dwefjilv
ond deioii ot more rrion one hundred novels

Our deitgnefi k/iow rhe importance of reoltjm
Real investigators donl nnorfc sviSpeots oft otaUit urntii
onry one is tef!; the injly proficier^l sleuth ftnds sutJtie
clues, wtitcti would oe o^^riooked By o novice Ihev
0 re itie c lu es that point { he (inger ot j usttce (owa rd ft>e
guittv Just OS <n feci Irfe-OJtoe'iemce is Iho key fo
success

Tho softing is os importonl in a greol software
mysferv as il Is In o great novel FALCON has cnoaon o
mognincent chotOQU fn ihe South o( Fronco. The ontiro
grounda ond four toSoltvoccDjSibfo Floors with doioni
of rooms require a thorough invosNgation This is O rool
mvs'ory for a leol oeteclrve

Choleou d'Ortoons uses (he excfuslve intefocfFvo
dtsK-feRi svstem fortlie Corrimodofe 64 from FALCON
Send tweniy-four donors, possoge paid, for o copy of
fhe gome ond a detecSrves handbook TO
FALCON QJMIS

PO Bo« 237

Afomo. TN 3S00A

Dealer Inqjmes InvilcKl

Home Inventoiy Sj^tetn
Commodore 64™

The simple way to make permanent
records of your valuable possessions

Selected Features & Benefits

• Protect against losses from lire or theft

• Store thousands ot records on tape or disk

• Documentation for insurance ortaj(ptjrposes

• All screen menus and help programs

• 9 types of information stored and sorted

• Edit, update and delete records

• Scan records or view in detail

• Print single item oi entire file

• Visual and audio feedback

Send S J 9. 95 plus $2 postage & handling to:

HOtME SOFTWARE SYSTEMS

Post Office Box 85

Sterling Heights, IVIl 48077

(313)268-8166

Commodore 64 is a irademarkot Commodore
Electronics Ltd

READ THIS BEFORE VOU BUY!

WE CAN SAVE YOU MONEY.

We are MOORE'ADVANCEO-SOFTWARE, EfWCialiJing
!| in higti quality, public domain, sollware. After review-
■i ing tvundreds ot programs Irom North America and

Europe. v<e tiava put logoltier a tew collections ol only

[' ttte linest, most relined programs availatile In the puhlic

i| domain. We are pleased Id otter our DISK TOOL KIT

'I collection. Included are complete, easy lo lotlow,

insiruciions and a disk with a complete library ot disk

utilities, such as programs which allow you to:

COPY ALMOSt ANY DISK IN LESS THAN 4

MtNUTES. inc!:iding cop/.prorecr&d dislfs.

COPY SINGLE FILES FAST

FIND BAD SECWRS FAST fno head-kick eilhei).

CREATE EflfiOflS ON ANY JHACK i SECWR

(^5 requircKi tiy r,oniv [}fOt6clion fpe/ftocJs)

VIEW AND EDI I ANY IRACK S SECTOR

fORMAI DISK IN 1/ SECONDS,

W TALOG mim DISK fllOGMMS.

You get these and many more, programs on one disk.
Requires Commodore-6'1 and a Commodore 1541 Disk
Drive. Price . , $15,95. including Isi class postage
and handling. To order, send Check or Money Order to:
MOORE ADVANCED SOFTWARE
P.O BOX 1071
MUKILTEO. WA 98275
Watch tor our ad in the Marcti issue ot this
Magazine tor new releases.

ae^

^^

siLOB^iL. coimooisir

A CumpuleT Wat Oamc

J 11 u

[ with QlsjrfiicG and t^B^matiluiJ

The ULTIMATE Chrlitmas Gift

S29.95 Disc or Cassette
For the Commodore 64 & Atari Computers

CALIFORNIA DREAMERS

PO. Box 178. Soven Milf. Ohio 4506Z

ilBASF

DISKETTES

BASF Diskettes at compe-
titive price. Call TOLL FREE
(800) 235-4137 for prices and
Information. Visa and Master
Card accepted. All orders sent
postage paid.

PACIFIC
EXCHANGES

101) [■iH.ihill Blvd
San Lui^ t^ispo. CA
'H401 iln Cal call
l8()'>t 54;i-10;i7 I

The Gardener's Assistant

It J I'lnn ond riiit YaurGarclin EHlclenlly

■ tjtiiplik [li-.|ilay ()( B'i'ili'" l^V""'

■ 1 i t cum 111 t tul f il [)lo 111 i 11 K <l 1 111 e n iloil i

■ rianting'harvciting dates for your region

■ Quantity lu liny and pliinl

■ I (11 the iliivkc gardener. iipcialP* willi
tniniiTiill Iniilll Eilsy li> use

■ For the f Klii-rlrntcci Ulirdnnrr. ailii"'.
tjitli>rUig anil expansion of all data
iuiliidini^ adillluiil of ^|ietNilty tTti\i\

■ Iliita un Ovci M Venrlahlc-s llicltideil

CoEmr.odoti- M, S29.9S • Apple U*. J3S.aS
IBM PC, IBM PCjr, US.OO
^^L I VA add 4'^ talcs Id J
^^^ Slmnnori Snllw.ire, Ltd.

I'O Boi OUIJ FalK Church. VA 22()4h
fhnne |7G3| 57.1.^7^

Presenting

FLYERS

I ^R ^K St ^i ^t ^i ^t '^f. ^P ^^ .^t ^i ?J5 ^Z ^^

Tired of shooting spaceships?

Tired □( running around in lazes?

Flyers HiH give you i change...

You are a bird. Vou are trying to get

food... insects, frogs. But there are

dangers. Hatch out (or the hawks

and eagles! Beware of the hunter!

*29.95

C-i4/Disk/Joystick reguired

Send check or loney order to:

BIRJ

906 5. ANN BLVD.

HflRKER HEI6HTS, TX 76541

DISH SLEUTH

finds missing programs!

A C3ELUXE DISK DROANIZINQ SY&TLM

Fi/K tha Ccmmodg'* 64 ^•^t^ t.trllfi I

'AlFHABCTICEO MAST(H DlltCCTGRV

n' ij[i <Li lOOO ditk Ei^ijrJi^^ riii*n«» itn tia printtd,
('t'Ohvil, til ieitchflJ.
' C QMPL £T E P ROOff AM IN F on MATION — nama. ditk.

-ndfi ryinii^f, ls*lll *i)iJ'*tl tii» lytr*. proftfum blocL

^r^g1^ p.^( yp^T Q-^rTI [HtJjiSnjI JKipgri"! (OI^M'^ntf-

*] T'VPtS CF NAME tCAnC^ES — wit^cdt
'iASf TO USE ^ inpul ttsm rcpuf (Jnhi
■1D0 DI^K INDEX LABELS INCLUDED.

'WINDOWS iijr diik fi'ogiltrn inlormAlifi H

-liyTnODUCTOflT FfllCI t29 95

Elf CT^DNIC CIHCUIT W«ALTtlS . 139 95

Amilvipi. ^t^t iftcKHSM n1 nnail £jfCuiM V]J To JIB nO<l«l. 40
hmnchai |r»ii|lcir|L. <:'f>i, culli, f^T't. NPM ■ El Op'Amptif,
tttt HildtJ cii'euiti up io 7H> ti'ifKhik
ELCCTRONkCE OESlQN UTIUTIES . t19.9&

Atl ^O^nnni IvKLtbO an iSn\ onl^ lei
IfH CommacSflr* B4 Pri(*s PoUpniJ
Cs'iii^rnia rcinJiBnli arjd & '% iJtlnf In.

>Nth DIGIT<:
SOLUTIONS

C-64 OWNERS

THE

"SIMPLE INTERFACE"

syslum conneclsllie leal world
10 youre^tpsnsion port

PEEKS III inputs

POKE 8 ISO mA outputs

Construct light displays, secufily

systems, energy controller, science

fair projects, more.

Comes ready to use with data,

sample program, list of

Add-OnConriitioning
Plug in Boards
Add S2 for Sh S H
OfiioRes 3dd 6%ta«

PROTEUS ELECTRONICS INC.

POBOX693,SPAYDE RD. RD2

BELLVILLE,OHI0 44813

419.886 2296
MasterCard and VISA accepted

$34.95

i9V^-

LAST
WILL

AND

TESTAMENT

Do II now.,,

.,.l»)ofelt'l loo Isle.

♦Create the WILL
of yoitr choice,
'•■ *Set up a
testamentary trust.
♦Prints your will. Saves
it on disk.

Auallahlt an dJlt or corlridae,
$29.95 ^°' "" CM,,t quires ptinlt, Mi
SmOOlBtcotBidgr .

CW2.0 $34.95

CODKCAKIRIW.I.
*Leam mo'se c-oa?
#He2r wtia; trie

'Hams' ate saying ^*^^^$^i^^yfj^ Cjr{r;dg? oni

*Sena snrt reccuT lili lo 3Q 'narn'^SSP'^ ><" I'l? CE

A.L.C. ELECTRONICS

7IS W, COHAL AVI. . RI1!(JI CM! ST. CA MSSS
PM (619) 375J203

POOR MAN'S COPY
PROGRAIVI FOR THE C64

(I I A MINUTE BACK UP /26 MINUTE BACK-
UP
(ilCf^EATES EHRORS 20.21 22,23.27 & 29
(31 COMPLETE DOS UTILITY FILES • DISK
(4( WPITE/UNWHITE PROTECT OISX
(5IHEF0F!iyiAT TRACK (REMOVE ERROHSI
(61 EtlHOR CHECKER 1 THllU TRACK 40 .
AIL THIS FOR ONLY t1B,9B

DISK-LOCK/SOFTWARE &
DISK PROTECTION FOR
THE CG4
(1) WILL STOP ANV FULL DISK COPIER IW

ITS TRACKS
(21 NO NEED FOR YOUR PROGRAM TO

REFERENCE DISK-LOCK
(31 USE DISK-LOCK ON EXISTING

PHOGRAMS
dl USF DISK-LOCK ON NEW PHOGRAMS

A GREAT UTILITV FOR O^LV »26,9S

VISA AND MAStEKCAHD ACCEPTED
COD MONEY OFtDERS ACCFPTED
SHIPPING AND HANDLING Si [lO EACH
DEALER INQUIRIES IMVITED

ELECTRONIC TECHNICAL SVC
3845 CHATHAM RD

LOUISVILLE. Ky 40118
(S02I4B9-190S

COMMODORE 64 S 1541 IS A TRADE-
MARK OF COMMODORE ELECTROr^lCS
LTD

^

M

PROTECTION

USE VQUR VtC-^DQnCOMMOaOAetMTQMONITanTOultHQME
OM fluSr^ESS. BUT VORE IHPQItT Ah TLV...^
PBOTICT YOUB lAMiLT.

THIS PROOnAM WAS □EJlONfC} WITH SECUFIITV IN MirtD,
Bt CAUSE aECL>ltirT im OUR ONLY iUIIHtlAI

•PROGnAM CAPMlUTIES iNClUO?
MCNrlO^ihpOOf 0O0R5 IhDtPf NDEM^r rP{3M WINi;X>WS AMD
MOTtON DETECTOH CCDED PfllSET fWrUT Pt|V IKTRv fr IxiT
TIME DELAY. INTEHMaL « EXTEflNAa, AlAftUS. YARD AHOfQK
^KJUStHOLD HOMTIha FOA UNAUTKOniZED 'hTRUSIOH.
'RATTEflV BACK'UP,

D V'20 D TAPE 14 9S

D CH'EOC QR MOnrr DflDEH iHQ CASM^

D C-a* a DiS« 2«,9fi QVLSAOn MASTEIICAnO
ADD t1 »SHim^G

O CD D ADD I? » Swin^iNG A hanDUPvQ
OKLAHOMA RESIQCNTS ACH3 5% JALE3 T*A

SOFTWARE fECUHFTV lYlTEH* *»M E. 13 IT.

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VISA OR MC CALL ||91A| S^a-lDSj

AME

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+ »0« Vid-H3 0N4.Y

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ADVERTISERS INDEX

Roader Service Number/Advertiiar Page

t02 AA Computer Exchange 1B0

103 Abacus Software ■. 103

104 Abacus Software 105

105 Abacus Software 107

106 Academy Software 101

107 Access Software Incorporated 67

108 Activision, Inc .81

109 Activision, inc 83

110 Activision, Inc 85

111 Activision, Inc. 87

A.LC. Electronics 191

112 Almost-Free Software , , 186

Apropos Tectmology , 178

113 Artificial Intelligence Researcti Group 188

BASIX 97

Batteries Included 31

Batteries Included 71

114 Baudville 20

115 Bible Research Systems 102

116 Big Bytes 129

117 Blue Chip Electronics .37

118 British Intelligence 141

119 Br0derbund Softv/are IFC & 1

120 BrfiSderbund Software 21

121 Br0derbund Software 29

122 California Dreamers 191

123 Cardco, Inc IBC

Cardinal Software 182

124 Cheatsheet Products 189

Commodore 8C

ComputAbitity Ill

125 CompuServe 43

126 Computer IVIaii Order 179

127 Computer Management Corporation 92

Computer Ivlovelty Corp 182

128 Computer Profit Systems, Inc 99

Compulron Business Systems 110

129 Covox tnc , 184

130 Creative Software 4

131 Crown Custom Covers - 1 82

132 C.S.M. Software 131

133 Custom Programming Group, Ino 124

134 Davidson & Associates 51

135 Digital Vision, Inc 180

D J Software 190

136 Eastern House 96

Electronic Arts 15

Electronic Technical Services 191

137 E Man, Inc 188

13B Eng Mig., Inc 61

EPYX 73

EPYX 75

EPYX 77

EPYX 79

139 Ergo Systems, Inc 127

Falcon Games 190

140 Future Computer Applications 186

Gamestar, Inc 65

GDS Associates 190

141 General Overall Design 188

142 Genesis Computer Corp 64

143 The Gold Disk 112

144 Home Software Systems , , . , 190

145 Hontoo Products, Inc 190

Hughes Associates 1 90

146 Indus Systems 1 09

147 Inforunner Corporation 59

Intelligent Software 131

Jason-Ranheim 53

KSOFT Co 30

148 Kyan Software 184

192 COMPUWs Gazatte Januafy

Reader Service Number/ Advertiser Page

149 Limbic Systems Inc 139

Loadstar 106

Lyco Computer 183

1 50 MegaSoft Limited 187

151 MFJ Enterprises Incorporated IBB

Micol Systems , 100

1 52 M I crocom scribe 101

N/licro-Sys Distributors , IBS

153 Micro-W Distributing, Inc 36

1 54 Mimic Systems Inc 89

155 Ivlindscape, Inc 2,3

156 t^lindscape, Inc 39

Moore Advanced Software 190

157 MSD Systems, Inc 35

158 Nexus 184

159 Nibble Notch Computer Products , 110

Nth Digit Solutions 191

160 Orange Micro Inc 69

161 Orbyle Software 57

162 Pacific Exchanges 190

1 62 Pacific Exchanges 191

1 63 Parsec Research 96

164 PC Gallery 181

Penguin Products 58

165 Playnet Inc 17

166 Practical Programs, Inc 24

167 Professional Software, Inc. 13

Pro-Line Software 129

168 Protecto Enterprizes 116,117

Protecto Enterprizes 1 18,1 19

1 G9 Proteus Electronics Inc 191

170 PSI 9

Quantum Software 184

171 Ouicksilva Inc 23

172 Radix (vlari^eting 22

173 R. Dillon Software 190

R. J. Brachman Associates, Inc 108

Schnedler Systems 30

174 Sega Enterpnses, Inc 18.19

175 Serendipity Software - 188

Shannon Software, Ltd 191

SIRJ 191

176 Skyles Electric Worlds 177

Softlaw 93

1 77 Software Discounters o( America 180

178 Software Plus 178

Software Publishing Corporation 45

Software Security Systems 191

Southern Oregon Video Enterprises, Inc 189

179 Southvrest Micro Systems 108

180 Starpoint Software 88

Strategic Simulations Inc. 47

1 81 subLOeiC Corporation 91

182 subLOGlC Corporation 95

183 TaxAid Software. Inc , 182

184 T & D Subscription Software 186

185 Telesys 55

186 Timeworks, Inc 11

187 Timewrarks, Inc 41

Triad Computers - 1 88

188 Tussey Mt. Software 175

Ultrabyte 104

Ultrabyte 131

189 Votaiker 121

190 Wbodbury Software 63

191 Word. Inc 7

COr/lPUTEt's Gazette Oisk'^flPil? 49

COl^PUTEI's Gazette Subscription 33

>

CARDCO "NOW" SOFTWARE

available now for your Commodore-64 "and mom!

A fine line of soffware developed by CARDCO (or your
Commodore-64 computer wilti all ttie features you should
expect in much more costfy software. CARDCO's "NOW"

packaged for easy reference, simple stofage, instant

recognition.

"WRITE NOW". . . WOHJ PROCESSOR SOFIWARE ... An

excellent lime saver, CARDCO offers the "Write Now" 0/ jK
word processor program with built-in 80 column display. You
see exactly wtiaf will print. All special codes can be
trarksmttted to printers maintaining justification. Easy full-screen
editing; worte with any printer.

"MAIL NOW" . . . MAIUNG UST SOFIWARE . . . CAROCO's
D/pi "Mail Now" quickly (In memory) sorts by zip, category,
name and state; fully compatible with "Write Now". Other fine
features include: user-oflented: menu-driven operation; each
disk supports 600 entries. Format can ptfiht single, double or
triple Iai3els across.

"SPtU. NOW" ... Cardware 6/ 04 ... o fine program

designed as a spell checker for use wilti '"Write Now" on Itie
Commodore-64. A 34,000 word dictionary with two odditiorKil
user constructed dictionaries. Menu-driven operotipfifo^ease
of use. Arxl "Spell Now" allows you to see each misspelled
word (n ttie coritext o( your document fof correction,

"FUE MOW" . . . D/ P5 . . . is a totally integrated, menu-drtven
database soflware package which Interfaces with both the
"Write Now!" for ttie 64 and ftie "Spell Now." 40K ot woildng
storage space is ovaikjble wilti "File Now". !'flle Now"

appears on the screen as index cards tor easier
manipulation of your data base; you see 5 index cards at a
time. Cards are user defineabte, i.e.. usw ctetemiines what

fieid. Every card has a general topic field vrtiich allows for
quick sorting through cards.

"GRAPH NOW" INCUJDINO . . . "PAINT NOW" . . . D/ jW

... This disk-based graphic/logo generator is totally menu-
driven. Ailows for the development of pies, charts, bar
graphs and other vivid graphic illustrations. Also has the
ability to design, and print logos and high resolution
pictures. "Commodore-ready"; interfaces with CARDCO'S
"Write Now" Word Processor, "Mail Now". "Spell Now" and
"File Now",

Write for illustrated literature and prices or see CARDCO
Computer Accessories and Software wt>erever Computers
are sold. ij'"'' "" ■■■■'■'■'"■-"■■■■

-10 ,

cardco, inc.

300 S. Topeka Wichita, Kansas 67202 (316) 267-6525
"The workl's largest manutacturer ot Commodore accessories."

Ccrvr<xiot& ' ]io regitiofsd tradeaKiiV ol Convrx^doro ButJneu Syiiefn). Inc.

LOOKWHATSON
TELEVISION TONICm:

6:00

THE HULK

The lirsi come arlracuor^
mtheQU£STPRQB£-
Adventure Series. You
become a superhero

A pint facDveiiture at
Sco/I Adams. Inc. anO
Marvel Comics Group
(Diskette)

6:30

MATH
RftCTS

Maes 5 ro tOl IMiao
School) Etiucmional TV
Practice in basic math
fads Several leveis
lEasy lo hard) fDisketle)

7:00

FRENZY/
FLIP FLOP

{Ages 6 to M/ (Miiliken
Edulunl FRENZY (subtrac-
tion and division) The
hungry galor arrives
save ttte lish play the
BONUSgame FLIPFLOP
(Iranslormed geometry)
look at the two figures
do they need lo (lip turn
or slide? f Diskette)

7:30

SOLAR
FOX

It's erase or be erased
as you fiawgate spaceship
over a grid ol colorful
pulsating ehtilies. armed
with laser Unlimited levels
A BALLY MIDWAY original
(Cariridge)

8:00

EASY
SCRIPT

Our best wordprocessor
Oisplays 764 lines dy 40
Characters Prints over
130columns. Global/local
searchlreplacelhuht/find
Super/ sutiscripis Insert)
delete characters, lines,
sentences, paragraphs.
iDiskette)

8:30

THE
MANAGER

A powerful database
management system. For
business, educational or
personal liles Not lor
Rocklord's files With lom
built-in applications. Or
design your own (Diskelli^

9:00

MACK
DESK I

The scene opens on an
ollice desk, complete
with digital clocl(. type-
writer. wastet>asHet and
file cabinet Select
functions (typing, filing.
i^^''-ng) by pointing
.i!':":,ite(l finger
•.C.inndgB)

9:30

INTER-
NATIONAL

socaR

(Gold Medallion Game)
Sports highlight Wilh
passing, kicking, diving
goalies, even trophies!
Great color. 3-D realism.
No locker room infervievrs.
(Cartridge)

.Tm h I ' — '^ if

J Inicmatiij
1 i>:«ei ,

10:00

SIMONS'
BASK

Hated PG. Expands
Commodore BASIC by
an additional 1)4
commands Convenient
programming com-
mands such as RE-
NVMBER and TRACE
plus graphics plotting
command (Cartridge)

Announcing the most exciting
variety show on television.

Featuring many of the stars of
arcade games, education and the
business w/orld.

Produced by (and for) Commo-
dore, the people who bring you the
Commodore 64™ a 64K computer
that would be a value at three times
its price. In fact, many of its compet-
itors are three times its price.

Produced in living high resolu-
tion graphics with 16 available colors
and with eight 3-dimensional sprites.

■v^

With a real high fidelity sound
that covers a 9-octave range.

And a supporting cast of low-
pnce, high capacity disk drives,
printers, monitors (a better way
to watch Commodore 64) and
modems.

So, if you're not pleased with
what's on your tv set tonight, simply
turn on your Commodore 64.

COMMODORE 64s:

IT'S NOT HOW LIHLE IT COSTS,
IT'S HOWMUCH you GET.